Objective To understand the mental health status between left‐behind children and un‐left‐behind children during primary school period in Yongchuan district of Chongqing city ,and to provide the theoretical basis for the study of the left‐behind children children′s mental problems and formulating the strategy and measures for preventing their psychological problems .Methods The Mental Health Rate Scale for Pupil (M HRSP) was used to evaluate the mental health condition in 4 987 primary school pu‐pils from 4 primary schools in Yongcuan discrict ,including 3 482 un‐left‐behind children(69 .82% ) and 1 505 left‐behind children (30 .18% ) .Results Totally 4 753 effective questionnaires were taken back with the effective rate of 95 .31% .The detection rate of total score deviation in left‐behind children was 13 .98% ,which was significantly higher than in un‐left‐behind children(6 .33% ) . The deviation detection rate of learning disabilities in left‐behind children was 14 .90% ,emotional disorder was 16 .81% ,character flaw was 12 .36% ,social adjustment disorder was 13 .91% ,moral defect was 14 .27% ,bad habits was 15 .61% ,behavior disorder rate was 16 .53% and the special obstacles was 11 .72% .Compared with un‐left‐behind children ,excluding the character flaw ,social adjustment and moral defect ,the deviation detection rate and scores of other 5 items in left‐behind children were higher than those in un‐left‐behind children .The scores of learning disabilities ,emotional disorder and bad habits in male pupils were higher than those in female pupils with statistical difference(P< 0 .05) .The scores of learning disabilities ,emotional disorder ,character flaw and behavior disorder in the high grade pupils were higher than those in the low grade pupils ,the differences were statistically sig‐nificant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The mental health level of rural left‐behind children in Yongchuan district is low ,the problems are more serious compared with un‐left‐behind children .In carrying out the mental health education work in primary school pupils ,es‐pecially the mental health education should be paid attention to rural left‐behind children ,moreover the mental health education should be carried out aiming at different ages and different genders .

Objective ToexploretheapplicationofVasoCT,astentimagingtechnique,instent-assisted coilaneurysmembolization.Methods Twentyconsecutivepatientswith23intracranialaneurysmswere treated with stent-assisted aneurysm embolization in the General Hospital of Armed Police Forces from December 2013 to November 2014 were enrolled. The patients performed VasoCT scan immediately after procedure. Then all the available images were used for stent-optimized reconstruction respectively. Under the XpertCT mode,the available images were observed with both volume imaging and maximum intensity projection. The available images were analyzed and they were divided into very clear,less clear,and not clearaccordingtothestentdevelopingclarity.Results Ofthe22aneurysmstreatedwithstent-assisted embolization,16 were occluded completely,6 were occluded partially. All the stents were expanded completely and were released to the expected locations;11 aneurysm stents developed clearly,9 developed less clearly,and 2didnotdevelopclearly.Conclusion VasoCTcanbeusedinthestent-assistedaneurysmembolization.It can clearly reveal the microscopic structure of the stents,location,relationship with the artery wall,and relationship between stents and coils. The clarity of stent development is associated with the diameters of the packed coils,and the stents are also affected by the metal artifacts projecting direction and the dense degree of the packing coils.

Objective To assess the intraoperative efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of renal tumors.Methods RFA was performed on 110 renal tumors (size range:1.5-8.6 cm,49 located in the left,55 right and 3 bilateral) in 107 selected patients.Conventional tumor biopsy was conducted for pathological diagnosis using 18G biopsy needle after RFA.CEUS was performed in all patients before,during and after RFA to assess the necrotic area.Once suspicious residual lession was discovered by CEUS,another round of RFA was taken immediately.Initial follow-up enhanced CT and CEUS was performed seven days after the procedure,with subsequent CEUS and enhanced CT after one month,three months,and six months to assess the necrotic area.Technical success was defined as elimination of areas that enhanced at imaging within the entire tumor.Results With CEUS performed during RFA,110 tumors (100％) were successfully ablated during one operation.Of these,five tumors was subjected to additional RFA treatment for the suspicious residual lesion detected by CEUS right after initial RFA.Elimination of areas covered the entire tumor after the second RFA.No residual or recurrence tumors was confirmed by both enhanced CT and CEUS during follow-up.All patients survived in the follow-up phase which ranged from 3 to 18 months(mean 11 months).Conclusions With the application of intraoperative CEUS,there were less residual tumors after RFA.

Objective To assess perineural invasion in prostate needle biopsy ( PNIb) on patholog-ical staging , progression of prostate cancer . Methods This retrospective study recruited clinical data of 316 prostate cancer patients with mean age of 69 years from Jan.2006 to Mar.2013.The mean PSA before biopsy was 15.7μg/L.All patients underwent CT or MRI and radionuclide bone scan and had not been found local tumor invasion or distant metastasis .Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy was performed to all candidates , and the preoperative diagnosis was localized prostate cancer .All patients were treated by laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).In this study, differences of Gleason score in prostatectomy speci-men, positive surgical margin (PSM), capsular invasion, seminal vesical invasion were analyzed between two groups:group A:patients with PNIb;group B:patients with no PNIb.We also studied the concordance of PNI distribution in PNIb and perineural invasion in prostatectomy specimen ( PNIp). Results The overall rate of PNIb was 32.5%.Difference of Gleason score ≤6 (16 in group A, 92 in group B), Gleason score=7 (46 in group A, 87 in group B), Gleason score ≥8 (41 in group A, 34 in group B) was statisti-cally significant (P<0.05).Of these two groups, differences in PSM (75 in group A, 43 in group B), cap-sular invasion (47 in group A, 36 in group B), and seminal vesical invasion (32 in group A, 23 in group B) were of statistical significant (P<0.05).At the multivariable logistic regression analysis , PNIb was inde-pendent predictor of PSM , capsular invasion, seminal vesicle invasion ( OR=11.358, OR=1.785, OR=2.364, P<0.05).All 22 patients with bilateral PNIb had bilateral PNIp .Of 81 patients with unilateral PNIb,55 had bilateral PNIp .The difference of distribution between PNIb and PNIp was of statistical signifi-cant (P<0.001). Conclusions PNIb is useful for evaluating the progression of prostate cancer .

Objective To present the technique and short-term results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation for small renal tumors. Methods Ten selected patients cases with 11 renal tumors were included in present study. There were 3 cases of left renal tumor, 6 cases of right renal tumor and 1 case of bilateral renal tumors. Tumors were located at the upper pole (2), middle (6), or lower pole (3). All tumors were located distant from the collecting system, without evidence of metastatic disease. Mean tumor size was 2. 8 cm (range: 1.5-4.0). All the patients were managed with a double freeze-thaw cycle of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation. The preoperative Hb was (137± 21)g/L, ESR was (27±12)mm/1 h, SCr was (92±41)μmol/L, GFR was (42±10)ml/min.All the patients were taken routine biopsies. Results Cryoablation was technically successful in all 10 patients (11 tumors). The mean time of the operations was (101 ± 31) min, and the mean blood loss was (42±21) ml. None of the cases received blood transfusion post-operation. No operative complication was seen. The postoperative hospital stay was (4±2) d. The postoperative Hb was (129 ±18)g/L,ESR was (31±14)mm/1 h,SCr was (95±39)μmol/L,GFR was (40±11)ml/min. There was no statistic change of Hb, ESR, SCr and ECT-GFR after operations(P＞0. 05). The biopsy results revealed that 8 tumors were renal clear cell carcinomas, and 2 tumors were papillary renal cell carcinomas, and 1 tumor was renal angiomyolipoma. All the patients had a minimum follow-up of 6 months (mean 16, range 6 to 21). Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at 1, 3, and 6 months identified the punched-out, nonenhancing, spontaneously resorbing, renal cryolesions. Follow-up biopsie of the cryoablated tumor site was negative in the only patient who have undergone the biopsy. No evidence of local or port-site recurrence was found, and no metastatic disease. ConclusionsRetroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation for small renal tumors could be an accurate and effective intervention with a relatively low incidence of complications. Critical long-term data regarding laparoscopic renal cryoablation are awaited.

Objective To evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal cryosurgical ablation(TRUSCSA) for localized prostate cancer. Methods The data of 26 patients who were diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer (T_(1a)N_0M_0 - T_(2x)N_0M_0) by biopsy were reviewed. The data of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical stage and Gleason score were collected. The Gleason score of all cases was ≤7; among them 6 cases were 2 - 4 and 20 cases were 5 - 7. The average pretreatment value of PSA was 11. 9 ng/ml (4. 7 - 19. 2 ng/ml). All the patients were treated with TRUSCSA, with a dual freeze-thaw cycle by using ultrathin 17-gauge cryoneedles. Immediate and delayed morbidities were evaluated. The PSA level was obtained every 3 months for the first 2 years and then every 6 months thereafter, and failure was defined as the inability to reach a nadir of 0. 5 ng/ml or less. All patients were strongly encouraged to undergo routine biopsies despite a stable PSA level. Results The operative time was (102±32)min. The postoperative hospital stay was (6±2)d. After withdrawal of the catheter, 22 cases had good continence) 4 had temporary incontinence for 3 - 7 d. Before operation 9 cases had normal sex life, and among them 5 cases had erectile dysfunction after operation. No one developed urinary retention or urethro-rectal fistula. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 30 months (mean 22). The PSA level at the last follow up visit was less than 0. 5 ng/ml in 23 patients (88%) and 0. 5 ng/ml or more in 3(12%). Postoperative biopsies were taken in 20 cases and the results were negative at the 6th month. Conclusions Transrectal ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryosurgical ablation for clinically localized prostate cancer could be effective and safe. Additional studies with longer follow-up are necessary to determine the sustained efficacy of this procedure.

Objective To discuss the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the assessment of treatment efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with renal tumors.Methods Forty-seven patients (40 renal cell carcinomas and 7 angiomyolipomas of kidney) with 49 renal tumors were treated with RFA. Tumors were ablated by laparoscopy-assisted (n= 30) and open surgical (n= 17) RFA. The CEUS and contrast-enhanced CT were performed 1 week after treatment to assess the necrotic area. Technical success was defined as elimination of areas that enhanced at imaging within the entire tumor. Results Forty-seven (95. 9%) of 49 tumors were successfully ablated. The mean length of the major axis at the maximal necrotic area was 4. 6 cm. Compared with the lesions before RFA, the necrotic areas were bigger in 45 patients, identical in 3 patients, and smaller in 1 patient. Six lesions showed a residual enhancement at the portion adjacent to the normal renal parenchyma on follow-up CEUS, while 2 were confirmed by CT scans. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS for detection of residual tumors were 100. 0% and 91.8%, respectively. All patients survived in the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 21 months. Conclusion CEUS combined with CT could be useful for evaluating treatment efficacy of RFA for renal tumors.

Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for renal cell carcinoma in functional solitary kidney. Methods Five selected cases of primary renal cell carcinoma in a functional solitary kidney were retrospective analyzed. Three cases of left renal cell carcinoma and 2 cases of right renal cell carcinoma were diagnosed by B ultrasound and CT scanning. The maximum diameter of the tumors were 3.0- 6.0 cm. Three cases of which were T1a N0 M0 and the others Were T1bN0M0. All patients were followed up with enhanced-CT and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Results The mean time of the operation was 100.0+28.5 min, and the mean blood loss was 95.0±30.5 ml. No patients accepted blood transfusion post-operation. All patients after operation had fever (38.2±0. 7 ℃ ). All the lesions were completely ablated on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. There was no statistic change of hemoglobin, serum creatinine (SCr), ECT-GFR and creatinine clearance after operation (P>0.05). All of the 5 cases survived. No recurrence were found by enhanced-CT and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and SCr was retaining in the normal level during follow-ups (median, 11.5 months). Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation for renal cell carcinoma in a functional solitary kidney could be a treatment choice with a relatively low incidence of complications.

Objective To assess the contribution of transrectal realtime tissue elastography (TRTE) on the differential diagnosis of prostatic diseases. Methods A total of 88 prostatic disease patients with 95 lesions proved by pathology from May 2012 to January 2013 in the Afifliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical College of Nanjing University were included. The elasticity grade and strain ratio were calculated by using TRTE. According to the gold standard of pathological results, the sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy rate were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of elasticity grade and strain ratio in distinguishing benign and malignant prostatic diseases;and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were made respectively. The accuracy of elasticity grade and strain ratio in diagnosing prostatic diseases was also compared using chi-square test. Results Forty-seven benign lesions were found in the 95 prostatic lesions and the other 48 lesions were malignant. The elasticity grades of the 95 prostatic lesions were as follows:GradeⅠ26, GradeⅡ19, GradeⅢ16, GradeⅣ21, and GradeⅤ13. Elasticity grade ≤Ⅱwas considered to be benign, while grade ≥Ⅲwas malignant. The sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy rate of elasticity grade in diagnosis of prostatic malignant lesions was 79.17%(38/48), 74.47%(35/47) and 76.84%(73/95), respectively. According the ROC curve analysis, the cutoff point of strain ratio was 4.67, and Youden′s index was 0.622. The sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy rate of strain ratio was 83.33%, 78.72%and 81.05%, respectively. The area under ROC curves of strain ratio was superior to that of elasticity grade. But the diagnosis accuracy of the two approaches was almost the same in statistics (χ2=0.51, P>0.05). Conclusions TRTE is valuable in the differential diagnosis of the prostatic benign and malignant lesions. Both strain ratio and elasticity grade are useful approaches, and have similar diagnostic accuracy.

Objective:To analyze the prognostic factors of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC).Methods:The clinical data of 224 patients underwent RARC from December 2014 to December 2018 in Nanjing Drum Hospital were reviewed. There were 193 males and 31 females, aged 36-92 years, with mean of 68 years. There were 7 patients(3.1%)undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the ASA scores of 125 patients (55.8%) were more than 2, and the mean body mass index was 23.4(15.4-35.5)kg/m 2. All patients were treated with RARC, with 72(32.1%) patients undergoing intraoperative blood transfusion. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze recurrence-free survival rate (RFS), cancer-specific survival rate (CSS) and overall survival rate (OS). Cox multivariate risk ratio model was used to evaluate the correlation between survival outcome and perioperative and pathological factors in patients treated with RARC. Results:For pathological status, there were 82 of ≤T 1, 64 of T 2, 57 of T 3 and 21 of T 4. Of all the patients, 49(21.9%) had lymph node metastasis, 12(5.4%) had positive surgical margin, 82(36.6%) had lymphovascular invasion(LVI), and 41(18.3%) underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow-up time was between 11-60 months, and the median follow-up time was 24 months. The 5-year cumulative OS, RFS and CSS were 57.15%, 48.84% and 59.60%, respectively. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that T stage( HR=5.764, 95% CI 1.926-17.249, P=0.002; HR=4.086, 95% CI 1.611-10.364, P=0.003; HR=9.391, 95% CI 2.118-41.637, P=0.003), N stage( HR=6.446, 95% CI 3.438-12.087, P<0.001; HR=5.661, 95% CI 3.086-10.385, P<0.001; HR=5.980, 95% CI 2.982-11.992, P<0.001), LVI( HR=3.319, 95% CI 2.008-5.486, P<0.001; HR=2.894, 95% CI 1.782-4.701, P<0.001; HR=3.471, 95% CI 2.017-5.974, P<0.001), American Society of Anesthesia (ASA)score( HR=2.888, 95% CI 1.619-5.150, P<0.001; HR=1.765, 95% CI 1.060-2.940, P=0.029; HR=2.612, 95% CI 1.424-4.792, P=0.002), body mass index( HR=0.886, 95% CI 0.819-0.957, P=0.002; HR=0.885, 95% CI 0.819-0.955, P=0.002; HR=0.862, 95% CI 0.792-0.938, P=0.001), age( HR=1.580, 95% CI 1.250-1.997, P<0.001; HR=1.362, 95% CI 1.088-1.705, P=0.007; HR=1.530, 95% CI 1.190-1.968, P=0.001) and intraoperative blood transfusion( HR=1.899, 95% CI 1.160-3.108, P=0.011; HR=2.218, 95% CI 1.371-3.587, P=0.001; HR=2.227, 95% CI 1.312-3.782, P=0.003) were significantly related to survival outcome. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that T stage( HR=4.506, 95% CI 1.433-14.175, P=0.01; HR=3.159, 95% CI 1.180-8.454, P=0.022; HR=7.810, 95% CI 1.674-36.444, P=0.009), N stage( HR=6.096, 95% CI 2.981-12.467, P<0.001; HR=5.368, 95% CI 2.683-10.740, P<0.001; HR=5.539, 95% CI 2.497-12.288, P<0.001) and ASA score( HR=6.180, 95% CI 2.371-16.110, P<0.001; HR=2.702, 95% CI 1.175-6.215, P=0.019; HR=6.471, 95% CI 2.290-18.286, P<0.001) were independent predictors of RFS, CSS and OS, and adjuvant chemotherapy( R=0.434, 95% CI 0.202-0.930, P=0.032) could only predict OS. Conclusion:T stage, N stage and ASA were main independent predictors of postoperative survival outcomes, and adjuvant chemotherapy was independent predictor of OS.