Respiratory and dermal exposures of the sprayman to pesticide sprayed by a dilute spray machine (speed sprayer) were studied in fruits orchards. Aerial concentration change of pesticide in the air were also investigated. The degrees of respiratory and dermal exposures were nearly independent on the size of machine, while they were higher in spring than in summer. The degree of respiratory exposure of pesticide was proportional to that of dermal exposure. The dermal exposure of sprayman was greatly reduced by the use of the machine equipped with a hood, which was not so effective against his respiratory exposure.
Serum choline esterase activity of the sprayman was almost unchanged after pesticide spraying. The pesticide in orchard air was detected more than 3 hours after spraying. When pesticide was sprayed by the speed sprayer, the pesticide mist drifted into the house near the orchard.

The aim of the present study is to clarify the improvement of peripheral muscle oxygen consumption after successful renal transplantation. We investigated change of forearm (brachioradial muscle) muscular oxygen consumption in chronic renal failure children before and after renal transplantation. by using near-infrared spectroscopy.Oxygen consumption of brachioradial muscle was increased significantly after succesful renal transplantation. And half recovery time of brachioradial muscle oxygenation in arterial occlusion and exercise were decreased after renal transplantation.These results suggest that increased muscular blood flow and increased oxidative generation of ATP might contribute to the increased oxygen turn over after renal transplantation.