OBJECTIVE:To compare the bioequivalence between famotidine chewing tablets and commercial tablets.ME THODS:A single dose of chewing or commercial tablets of famotidine was orally administered in a randomized crossover way in20volunteers and the plasma concentrations of famotidine were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with3p97pharmacokinetic program and the bioequivalence was evaluated.RESULTS:The concentration-time curve of two preparations fitted two-compartment model.The peak plasma levels(C max )of chewing and commercial tablet of famotidine were(156.30?105.63)ng/ml and(156.83?99.62)ng/ml respectively.The peak time(T max )were(2.28?0.66)h and(2.28?0.77)h respectively.And AUC (0～24) were(857.55?517.39)and(912.94?638.17)(ng?h)/ml respectively.The relative bioavailability of chewing tablet of famotidine was(93.93?14.49)%.CONCLUSION:The results of two and one-side t tests suggest that the chewing tablet is bioequivalent to the commercial tablet of famotidine.

The reactions of 8 lectins with tracheal epithelial goblet cells of Rhesus monkeyshowed the heterogeneity of the cells.The heterogeneity appeared on the differentcomposition of sugar chains in the secretory mucin.The mucin of all goblet cellscontained unequal amount of terminal ?-D-galactose,?-D-mannose and sialic acid aswell as pre-terminal-?-D-galactose and/or ?-D-galactose-(1→3)-N-acetylgalactosa-mine.Only part of goblet cells had variable amount of ?-L-fucose in the secretorymucin.The compositions of sugar chains of the secretory mucin between monkeyand human have significant difference.

Tissue samples from sheep oral epithelium of different age groups were fixed with three different fixatives to observe the ultrastructure of keratohyalin granules. Two conclusions were: 1. There were two types of keratohyalin granules in the sheep oral epithelium. The morphology and ultrastructure of type Ⅰ granules underwent alteration during epithelial development. The shape of granules changed from round to irregular by the combination with tonofilament bundles. Finally, the granules disappeared from several sites of mature oral epithelium. Type Ⅱ granules were round or oval in shape and were surrounded by free ribosomes. They did not have morphologic or ultrastructural changes during epithelial development. They appeared in immature oral epithelium, and constantly presented in mature epithelium. 2. According to the reaction of the two types of granules with the fixatives, it is suggested that the composition of type Ⅰ granules has the property of lipoprotein and the component of type Ⅱ granules possesses the nature of unsaturated lipid in addition to the lipoprotein.

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of fall among the elderly in Niujie area of Beijing so as to provide evidences for prevention. Methods Based on the basic survey of fall in 1703 elderly people, the people were divided into intervention group and control group according to different habitation areas using cluster sampling method. The elderly people in intervention group of 874 were accepted intervention management for one year, including cognitive behavioral intervention, fall-inducing diseases intervention and intervention of elderly static and dynamic behaviors that affected the balance function, so as to help the elderly to master the relevantfactors of fall and preventive measures. Results The annual occurrence rate of fall was 11.7% (200/1703) and the fall injury incidence was 9.0% (152/1703). The prevalence of fall was increased with aging, and it was high in people with balance dysfunction. After one year intervention, the incidence of fall was decreased to 5.2%, while it was 7.6% in control group. Conclusions Cognitive behavior intervention can effectively prevent fall in the elderly, which has an important significance for improving the life quality of the elderly.

Objective To study a simplified method for rapid isolation of the Schistosoma japonicum immature eggs for resolving the problems of the routine method which is tedious and difficult to get intact and high-purity eggs. Methods A modified method was devised on the basis of the previous experience through repetitive sievings followed by trypsin digestion and centrifugations. Results The immature eggs with fairly high purity were obtained within a short time. The isolated eggs remained intact and the rate of recovery was significantly increased. Conclusion This method has paved the way for future molecular biology research of the immature eggs of Schistosoma japonicum.

Cardiac muscles of mouse embryos, newborn and suckling mice were used for histological and histochemical studies. This paper presents the observations on the morphogenesis and ultrastructure of cardiac myocytes under electron microscope and on their reactions of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), glycogen, lipids, succinodehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline and acid phosphatases (AKP and AcP), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) under light microscope.The heart of mouse embryo before 12-day, contained numerous polygonal or star-shaped myoblasts which had not yet acquired myofibrils but a few myofilaments. As the myoblast developed, the number of myofilaments increased in number and formed myofibrils, then the cells became myocytes. By the end of embryonic period, all the special elements of myocyte were basically constituted. The myocytes of embryos were rich in RNA granules, and their DNA was deeply stained. Flourishing mitosis appeared only in the early embryonic phase. RNA of adult myocytes was much less than that of embryos. From the early phase of embryos myocytes were full of glycogen but short of lipid droplets. From the day it was born, glycogen decreased apparently but lipid droplets increased rapidly.The reaction of SDH steadily increased in intensity from its early phase to late one. After birth it became more intensive. G-6-pase first appeared in the myocytes of 14 day's embryos. In the fetal period it showed moderate positive reaction, but in the myocytes of suckling muose it appeared negative. The enzyme showed positive reaction again at the age of 2 weeks. The ATPase reaction was found to be weak in the fetal specimens, only appeared in the endothelium of the capillaries. After birth it gradually became intensive and from the 2nd week positive reaction was obvious in adult, it was very vigorous.The above observations showed that the embryonic development and differentiation were gradually completed. Histological and histochemical features of each developmental period showed their individualities, which confirmed the evidence that the cardiac muscle developed not only successively but also by stages, and approached adult's level at 2nd week end after birth.

Objective To treat urinary calculi with pneumatic lithotripsy under non-endoscopy.Methodes We applied the pneumatic lithotripsy machine,which made in China,to treat huge or staghom nephrolith and calculi of anterior urethra under non-endoscopy,taken out stone fragmentations after lithotripsy.There was 1 case of huge nephrolith,7cases of staghom nephrolith,3 cases of anterior urethral calculi.Results Every case of nephrolith was successfully performed by using lithotrisy and extracted stones only one case.1 case in total nephrolith cases was found residual stones and sick-side renal functions were improved than before in all casws followed up for 3 moths to 2 years.the cases of anterior urethral calculi urinated fluently and had no urethral stenoses followed up 1～2 years.Conclusion This kind of operation used pneumatic lithotripsy to treat urinary calculi under non-endoscopy is safe,slight injury and curative effect is reliable.

Objective:To explore auxiliary therapeutic effect of exercise intervention on hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) .Methods :A total of 456 patients with hypertension and/or DM from community were selected and randomly equally divided into intervention group (n=228 ,wore exercise amount monitor ,and lifestyle disease inte‐grated control software was used to monitor exercise ,and unique person provided quantitative exercise guidance for them for three months and they were followed up for eight times ) and control group (n=228 ,did routine activity as usual) .Body weight ,BMI ,waist circumference (WC) ,blood pressure ,blood sugar ,blood lipid etc .and exercise a‐mount were measured and compared between two groups before and after intervention .Results:Compared with be‐fore intervention ,there were no significant changes in all above indexes in control group after intervention , P>0.05 all;there were significant reductions in body weight ,BMI ,WC ,blood pressure ,blood sugar ,blood lipid etc . in intervention group after intervention ( P< 0.01 all) .After intervention ,compared with control group , there were significant reductions in body weight [ (68.28 ± 8.43) kg vs . (65.93 ± 10.43) kg] ,blood pressure [ (124.32 ± 13.70 /77.81 ± 8.22) mmHg vs . (120.94 ± 8.35 /74.58 ± 5.76) mmHg] ,HbA1c [ (7.12 ± 1.53) mmol/L vs . (6.73 ± 1.04) mmol/L] ,LDL‐C [ (2.72 ± 0.40) mmol/L vs . (2.46 ± 0.67) mmol/L] ,and significant rose in total exercise amount [ (537.85 ± 338.63) kcal vs .(637.15 ± 447.65) kcal] ,effective exercise amount [ (229.46 ± 239.04) kcal vs . (323.56 ± 257.84) kcal] in intervention group ,P<0.01 all .Conclusion:Exercise can improve ex‐ercise capacity ,reduce blood pressure ,blood sugar ,blood lipid levels ,is help to disease control and quality of life improvement in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus .

Development of vaccine against schistosomiasis japonica has been incorporated into WHO/TDR and China′s main disease control research programs.In recent years,the research on the anti-schistosomiasis vaccine has made significant progress.With the development of proteomics and molecular biology technology,Anti-Schistosoma japonicum vaccine research has been developed to a stage of genetic engineering in our country and DNA vaccines have become the main direction.It reveals new ways to enhance the immunoprotection of Schistosoma japonicum vaccine through screening new candidate antgens,optimizing combination of the mixed/multivalent vaccines,or adjuvant addition.