Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF or TFF3) is a member of trefoil factor family which is most studied , mainly in the in-testinal tract .TFF3 plays an important role in gastrointestinal mucosal protection and epithelial repair .Action mechanism includes in-teraction with mucin, migration, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, immune regulation, interaction with its receptor, etc.Recombinant TFF3 has been approved as a national drug and its therapeutic indications for repair mucosa , prevention and treatment of gastrointesti-nal ulcers and inflammation .Furthermore, the classic TFF3 receptor and signaling pathway is highly valuable to make TFF 3 become an effective treatment for gastrointestinal injury disease .

JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway exists in various organs and tissues and mediates multiple biological processes including cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,apoptosis and immunoregulation.Recently,it has been revealed that this pathway plays an important role in gastrointestinal diseases,promoting tumor growth,angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis in gastric and colorectal cancers,and being implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.Inhibitors targeting JAK/STAT3 pathway showed promising outcome in some disease models.In this review article,the advances in study of abovementioned issues were summarized.

To explore the relation between the changes in nitric oxide synthase in gastric mucosa induced by physical stress and psychological stress and acute gastric mucosal lesion,Animal model was reproduced with impulsive stimulator of high voltage and stable currency.Ninety-six male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control, regular and irregular group.NOS activity was measured by spectrophotometry,and the degree of injury of gastric mucosa was measured by method of Nils Lambecht.Immunohistochemistry and polyantibodies of NOSⅠ,NOSⅡ,NOSⅢ were employed to investigate locations of NOS.The result showed that NOS activity was stable in normal rats but increased significantly in group of psychological stress( P

To determine the role of pS 2 and ITF(both are members of trefoil peptides) in the early phase of epithelial repair of stress induced gastric lesion. Wistar rats were exposed to water immersion restraint stress(WRS) for 4h, gastric mucosal blood flow(GMBF) was measured with LDF 3 flowmeter, and the extent of gastric mucosal lesions was evaluated grossly and histologically. Expression of pS 2 and ITF mRNA was determined with RT PCR, and further examined with immunohistochemistry. The results showed that a single infliction of WRS produced numerous gastric mucosal erosions, but the number of these lesions gradually decreased and GMBF recovered at 2, 4, 8h after stress. The area of gastric mucosal lesion was reduced by 64 9% and GMBF being increased by 89 8% at 8h. Healing of stress induced ulcerations was accompanied by an increase in the expression of pS 2 (0 51?0 14 vs 0 77?0 11, P

To determine the role of mucosal gene expression for PS 2 (a member of trefoil peptides), transforming growth factor alpha(TGF ?) and COX 2 during gastric adaptation to WRS in rats, Wistar rats were exposed to single or repeated WRS for 4h every other day for up to 6 days. Gastric mucosal blood flow(GMBF) was measured by LDF 3 Flowmeter,the extent of gastric mucosal lesions was evaluated grossly and histologically, and the expression of PS 2, TGF ?,COX 2 mRNA determined by RT PCR,was used to further demonstrate pS 2 and TGF ?,their expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.The results showed that WRS applied once resulted in numerous gastric mucosal erosions,but repeated application WRS ,could induce adaptation to it. The area of gastric mucosal lesions was reduced by 21 99% after four consecutive WRS. This adaptation to WRS was accompanied by increased GMBF and active cell proliferation in the neck region of gastric glands and by increased expression of PS 2 (0 77?0 01 vs 0 37?0 02, P

Objective To compare the strong ion gap (SIG) and liver and kidney function index predicting the prognosis of acute paraquat poisoning patients.Methods Retrospective study with a total of 148 cases from 2006 to 2013 who were diagnosed by paraquat poisoning,according to the prognosis they are divided into survival group and death group.Compared with the early SIG,ALT,AST,Cr,BUN index level to analyze with the odds ratio (ORs) and established ROC curve to conform which is more effective on the prognosis of patients with paraquat poisoning.Results The abnormal index of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT) (x2=10.257,P =0.001),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) (x2=9.109,P =0.003),creatinine (Cr) (x2=10.257,P =0.021),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (x2=10.257,P ＜ 0.01) indicated a higher risk of death than the normal index,SIG showed higher ORs for fatality than ALT,AST,Cr,BUN (P ＜ 0.05).In the ROC curve,the area under the curve of the SIG,ALT,AST,Cr,BUN on the prognosis of fatality were 0.822,0.708,0.724,0.603,0.625.Conclusions With early SIG and ALT,AST,Cr,BUN level increased,the risk of death will increase in paraquat poisoning patients,and SIG is a more effective marker than index of kidney and liver function on the prognosis of death.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) in patients with organophosphorus poisoning and explore the effectiveness of measures for its prevention and treatment. Methods Clinical data of 50 patients with organophosphorus poisoning were reviewed retrospectively in our center between January 2001 and December 2006. Results The incidence of AP in patients with organophosphorus poisoning was 30% (15/50), and 14 patients suffered from MAP, while one patient occurred SAP. 13 of 15 AP patients underwent gastric lavage with cold normal saline; gastric tube was placed in 14 patients; toxic doses over 50 ml were observed in 10 patients; atropine overdose were observed in 11 patients. There were 35 cases of organophosphorus poisoning alone, and 2 of them underwent gastric lavage with cold normal saline; gastric tube was not placed in 1 patient; toxic doses over 50 ml were not observed in all the patients. The toxic dose, water temperature for gastric lavage, gastric tube placement, duration from poisoning to treatment between the two groups were significantly different (P＜0.01). All the patients with organophosphorus poisoning alone survived, while in these 15 patients with AP, 14 patients were cured, 1 patient died. Conclusions Organophosphorus poisoning can induce AP and development of AP was possibly related to organophosphorus poisoning and improper treatment.

Objectives:To investigate the risk factors for acute liver injury (ALI) in patients after resuscitation from cardiac arrest and their influence on prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in our department from January 2015 to January 2018 were analyzed. According to whether ALI occurred, the selected patients were divided into the ALI group and non-ALI group. The basic situation of the two groups of patients and the occurrence of shock and cardiac insufficiency after cardiac arrest were investigated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the effect of ALI on the 1-year survival of patients. The 28-day mortality and neurological recovery were observed in patients in the ALI group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for ALI.Results::There were 54 patients in the ALI group and 158 patients in the non-ALI group. The patients in the ALI group needed a longer time to recover spontaneous circulation [19 (10-27) min, P=0.015], and the overall condition (SOFA score, acidosis, and lactic acid) were more serious. The incidences of shock and heart failure after cardiac arrest in the ALI and non-ALI groups were 74% and 55%, and 89% and 70%, respectively. The 1-year cumulative survival rate of patients in the non-ALI group was significantly higher than that of the ALI group ( P=0.043). The longer the duration of ALI, the higher the incidence of poor prognosis. The time to resume spontaneous circulation ( OR=3.762; 95% CI: 2.347-5.098) and heart failure ( OR=4.272; 95% CI: 2.943-5.932) after cardiac arrest were associated with ALI in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (both P<0.05). Conclusions:The time to resume spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest and heart failure after cardiopulmonary resuscitation are risk factors for ALI, and the occurrence of ALI increases patient’s mortality.

Objective:To determine the half lethal dose(LD50) of paraquat in rats and to establish a relatively safe and stable pathological animals model of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: Ninety-six SD rats totally in half genders.Fifty SD rats in half genders were randomly divided into 5 groups,each had 10 rats.Feed the rats with different doses of liquor of paraquat intraperitoneally one time and definite the half lethal dose of one and two weeks.After that,prepare another forty-six SD rats,also in half genders,as intonication group,twenty-eight rats were treated with the liquor of paraquat in dosage of 18 mg/kg intraperitoneally.As control group,sixteen rats were treated with equivalent volume of normal saline.Observe the toxic symptom daily and rats were sacrificed on day 1,3,5,7,14,21,28,35 and 42 respectively for the histological examination.Results: The half lethal doses of intraperitoneal paraquat of 1 and 2 weeks were 18.27 and 17.29,with 95% confidence intervals of 16.61-20.09 and 15.99-18.67,respectively.After intraperitoneal paraquat injection at the dose of 18 mg/kg,typical toxic symptoms were observed at different times in the rats.The whole process of acute lung injury and fibrosis induced by paraquat intoxication could be seen with the naked eyes or under the light microscope.Conclusion: Paraquat has a strong toxicity to rats.A proper dose of paraquat solution can not only reduce the number of experimental rats,but also induce typical pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Objective To explore the related risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage complicated with stress ulcer (SU). Methods The clinical data of 1 185 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to Department of Emergency Medicine of Nanjing General Hospital from March 2006 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether patients complicated with SU or not. Data was collected within 8 hours after admission in two groups including gender,age,amount of bleeding,the bleeding site (basal ganglia,thalamus, brainstem,brain lobe,ventricle,subarachnoid,and cerebellum),disturbance of consciousness,acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score,systolic blood pressure(SBP),history of hypertension,and history of cerebral hemorrhage. The statistically significant risk factors found using univariate analysis was selected and was analyzed to find independent risk factors with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve)was plotted to analyze the independent risk factors and evaluate their power of test. Results 1 185 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in the study,293 cases occurred SU,accounting for 24.7%,and 892 cases without SU,which accounted for 75.3%. As shown by univariate analysis,risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage complicated with SU included age,amount of bleeding,the bleeding site,disturbance of consciousness,APACHEⅡscore,SBP. As to the site of bleeding,brain,thalamus,brainstem hemorrhage complicated with SU were higher proportion,45.3%(43/95),39.1%(63/161),36.9%(48/130),which were significantly higher than those of the lobes of the brain 〔26.2% (33/126)〕,cerebellum 〔18.8% (15/80)〕,basal ganglia〔16.1%(78/485)〕,arachnoid the inferior vena cava 〔12.0% (13/108)〕. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that amount of bleeding 〔odds ratio (OR)=3.305,P=0.001,95%confidence interval (95%CI)2.213-48.634〕,the bleeding site (OR=1.762,P=0.008,95%CI 0.123-2.743),SBP (OR=1.223,P=0.034,95%CI 0.245-2.812) were independent risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage complicated with SU. The area under the ROC curve (AUC)of amount of bleeding and SBP were 0.846 and 0.597,suggesting that amount of bleeding has moderate diagnostic value and SBP has low diagnostic value. Conclusions Cerebral hemorrhage patients with large amount of bleeding,the bleeding site in the ventricle,thalamus or brainstem,high SBP are of great risk. We should lower blood pressure and give preventive treatment for SU as soon as possible.