Humans ; Mining ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; physiology ; Tibet

Objective　To determine the value of spiral CT in diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis(EBTB) after analysing the spiral CT appearance. Methods　Retrospective analysis of CT signs in 13 cases who were finally pathologically found suffering from EBTB via biopsy with bronchoscope. Results　Five cases have signs of bronchial structure with obstructive atelectasis and pneumonia. Two cases have signs of irregular bronchial wall. Four cases have signs of scattering dot and patchy increase density in lung fields. Two cases' bronchi and lung tissues are normal. Conclusion　CT examination can determine the site and extent of EBTB and help the localization of bronchoscope.

That there are so many difficulties in both of teaching and learning electrocar-diogram(ECG)is the characteristics in teaching and studying ECG. The following ways are the ef-fective methods of improving effects of classroom teaching of ECG:emphasizing the importance of ECG in clinical work at the beginning of the lecture on ECG in order that the students can understand the necessity of studying ECG and make up their mind to study ECG well;studying the teaching contents on ECG seriously and supplement the textbook appropriately;set up the link of discussion and create the condition that teacher and students work altogether;produce the slides with pictures(mainly)and words and give accounts of the pictures mainly;sum up the character-istics of all sorts of abnormal ECG and state the characteristics of presenting ECG simultaneously.

Clinical teaching supervision system exhibited several problems in the imple-mentation process such as the team of supervision being not reasonable enough and the connotation of supervision not extensive and not going far in depth enough and so on. Through the way of strengthening the team of the clinical teaching construction,expanding the connotation and improving the functions of supervision,we can construct a new effective supervision system for clinical school teaching.

Objective To study the relationship between angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT_~1 R) gene polymorphism and carotid atherosclerosis and pathogenesis in primary hypertension . Methods Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme digestion and ultrasonography were used to measure AT_~1 R gene polymorphism and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) separately in 150 patients with primary hypertension compared with 100 controls . Results The frequencies of AC genotype and C allele of AT_~1 R gene in patients were higher than those of control ~(P

AIM: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the regulatory role of C/EBPα in mouse vesicular glutamate transporter 2(mVGLUT2) gene expression. METHODS: The promoter region of mVGLUT2 was cloned to PGL3-basic vector. Site-direction mutation was used to identify the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α(C/EBPα) binding site. The promoter activity was observed by luciferase system. The binding between C/EBPα protein and mVGLTU2 promoter region was determined by EMSA. The C/EBPα gene expression was inhibited by its specific siRNA. RESULTS: mVGLUT2 promoter activity decreased about 50% after mutation of C/EBPα binding site. EMSA showed that C/EBPα protein bound onto mVGLUT2 promoter region. Meanwhile, when C/EBPα gene expression was inhibited by its specific siRNA, mVGLUT2 promoter activity, mRNA level and protein level were decreased about 60%, 40% and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSION: C/EBPα is involved in the regulation of mVGLUT2 gene expression.

Objective To explore the surgical treatment of ankle fracture.Methods 326 cases with ankle joint fracture in our hospital treated by surgical treatment were followed up.There were 182 males and 43 females,aged from 7 ～ 75 years.The patients with medial malleolus fracture were cut through postero-medial process,and the lagged screw,absorbed screw,or tension band wire were used.Patients with bimalleolus and trimalleolus fracture were cut through medial and lateral two incision.When the fracture line of the fibula is high,the triangular needle,kirschner wire,plate and the screw,remember alloy were used,when the fracture line of the fibula was high,1 ～ 2 cortical or cancellous bone lagged screw were used.The patients with diastasis of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were cut through lateral process,1 lagged screw was used through 3 layer cortical bone.After the operation,the plaster or brace was used according to the stability of the fracture,then systemic functional exercises.Results All the patients were followed up from 4 ～ 120 months,according to the ankle-hind foot score of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score(AOFAS),their clinical treatment results were assessed.In 225 cases,excellent and good rate was 86.7％.Connclusion Proper approach,anatomy reduction,articular surface recovery to smooth,stable internal fixation,necessary external fixation and systemic rehabilitation were the key aspects to the surgical treatment.Good result of most of the patients with fracture of the ankle joint can be obtained.

Objective To investigate the effect of the treatment of humeral lateral condyle fracture in children through elbow arthroscopy. Method From July 2003 to May 2008, 128 children with humeral lateral condyle fracture were randomly divided into open reduction group and arthroscopy group, each group of 64 cases. Results All 128 children received 12-24 months of follow up, with average of (18.07 ± 5.63) months. In arthroscopy group, the blood loss averaged(34.6 ± 9.1) ml, incision length of(0.98 ± 0.20) cm, and after the first 3 days the VAS was(3.99 ± 1.33) scores. However, in open reduction group, the blood loss averaged (109.9 ± 18.9) ml, incision length of (5.38 ± 1.30) cm, and the VAS was (7.03 ± 2.80) scores. All those in arthroscopy group were much better than those in open reduction group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01 or < 0.05). According to Mayo score, the total fine rate was 85.9%(55/64) in open reduction group, and 98.4%(63/64) in arthroscopy group (P<0.05). About in the incidence of postoperative complications,there were 8 cases of delayed healing, S cases of inside inversion or outside eversion elbow varus deformity, 9 cases of pin tract infection in open reduction group. However there were 1 cage of delayed healing, 2 cases of inside inversion and outside eversion elbow varus deformity, 1 case of pin tract infection in arthroscopy group(P< 0.01). Conclusion Arthroscopy operation has the advantages of the small incision, reset reduction accurate, less complications ,and is an effective method of treating the lateral condyle fractures in children.

Objective To investigate the effect of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stent implantation with intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) on immediate death rate and cardiac function of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated with cardiogenic shock.Methods Emergency coronary angiography was taken 0.5-32 h after the attack, and PTCA and stent implantation performed on infarction related artery (IRA), supported by IABP until patients′ complications improved. Myocardial echocardiography was taken 5 weeks after operation.Results Except for 4 patients who died of aggravated shock or cardiac failure, all the patients had IRA reperfusion. Twenty-four patients had stents implanted (85.71%). Mean time from attack to reperfusion was 8.6 h, and death rate in the period of 5 weeks was 31.25%. EF of the 22 patients who survived was 0.43～0.67.Conclusion PTCA and stent implantation supported by IABP can improve results of operation,increase reperfusion rate, decrease immediate death rate and improve cardiac function.

Objective To observe the changes of behaviour, NOS neurons, Nissl bodies and ultrastructure after L-NNA treatment of acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Using movement and incline plane(IP)score to observe hindlimbs movement of rats with spinal cord injury; NADPHd histochemistry, Nissl methed and electron microscopy were used for observation of changes of neuronal NOS, Nissl bodies and ultrastructure of three groups(normal control group, saline solution(NS)control group and L-NNA group). Re- sults 1. Changes of behaviour: Hindlimbs movement and IP score in L-NNA group is more potent than that in NS group(P