Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the important risk factors of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Ultrasonography can detect carotid intima-media thickness, compositions, configuration and surface structure of plaque, severity of carotid stenosis and its hemodynamics change, thus it is helpful to estimate the mechanism of ischemia and evaluate its risk factors. So it has a wide application prospect in screening high-risk population, guiding drug administration and surgical intervention.

At present, the roles of neural plasticity and motor functional recovery in stroke have increasingly been paid attention to. The remodeling of cerebral cortex after stroke can complement the function of injured tissues, which has been confirmed by animal experiments. Functional neuroimaging technique has been gradually used in the evaluation of neural plasticity.

Purpose:To study the clinicopathological features of otolaryngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and to elucidate its diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods:The clinical data were reviewed retrospectively and immunohistochemical stains were performed in 15 cases of mucoepidermiod carcinoma.Results:The 15 patients were all male with average age of 55 years. Two histological types were found: well differentiated (14 cases), poorly differentiated (1 case). The tumor cells were positive for CK,CK8,EMA,CEA.Conclusions:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of otolaryngeal tumor is a rare tumor. It can be differentiated from other otolaryngeal tumors based on the histopathologic features and immunohistochemical findings. Histological type of the tumor is important for clinical therapy and prognostic evaluation.

Objective To design a new X-ray sensor of iono-chamber type to achieve automatic exposure control(AEC) of the X-ray machine. Methods We designed the chamber acording to the ionization theory and the requirements of automatic exposure control. Results (1) The device had double-negative poles, so the distance between positive and negative poles was 1/2 shorter and its test-volume was equal to odd-negative pole. (2)It had good property of electromagnetism-resistance because of the double shielded design by double-negative poles and screen-rings.(3) Iono-chamber was made of low-density material, so it had low absorb-ratio of X-ray and could not form image on film. Conclusion The property of the device was steady and reliable. It had applying and spreading value.

Objective To study the reliability and validity of the clinical neurologic deficit scale in evaluating stroke patients. Methods A total of 222 inpatients with acute stroke onset were included in the study. They were assessed when admitted, at the 14th and 90th day of hospitalization by different physicians using the clinical neurologic deficit scale. Intrarater and interrater reliability were determined using Kappa correlation. The split-half rehability and internal consistency were evaluated using Cranbach's a coefficient. Concurrent validity and the predictive validity were determined by spearman rank correlation coefficients. Construct validity was assessed by the factor analysis and the construct validity of the scale was measured according to the classifications of the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project ischemic stroke subtypes in the patients with cerebral infarction. Results The scores of intrarater reliability in all items were higher than 0.6, the score of interrater reliability in the item "walking" was 0.542, the split-half reliability and the internal consistency were good as demonstrated by the score of 0.911 and 0.886 respectively, and assessment of reliability of different methods showed that "strength in upper limb" and "strength in hand", were poor as shown by the score of 0.393 and 0.386 respectively. The scale is highly correlated with the NIHSS ( both P=0.000) in both total and subtypes of stroke patients according to the classifications of the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project by concurrent validity analysis. There was a high correlation between the scores of the scale and Barthel Index and the modified Rankin scales at the 90th day of hospitalization (both P=0.000). Conclusions The clinical neurologic deficit scale has a good internal consistency. There is concurrent validity between the scale and the NIHSS and could predict stroke outcome. Factor analysis of the scale displays the best construct validity in the patients with partial anterior circulation infarction, and could be used to evaluate the focus of vertebrobasilar artery despite its insensitivity.

Objective To study the clinical evaluation of gas exchange impairment in neonatal respiratory failure.Methods Blood gas, PaO2/PAO2, Qs/QT, PaO2/FiO2, A-aDO2 and RI of 53 newborn infants with respiratory failure in NICU of PUMCH from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1997 were measured. Results These infants were divided into two groups according to PaO2/PAO2: moderate and severe respiratory failure. Qs/QT(11±3)%, PaO2/FiO2(183±113), A-aDO2(22.9±6.8)kPa, RI(2.5 ±0.8) in 21 neonates with moderate respiratory failure; Qs/QT(24±6)%, PaO2/FiO2 (82±30), A-aDO2 (49.3 ± 17.8)kPa,RI(7.6 ±3.4) in 32 neonates with severe respiratory failure(P＜0.001). These results in respiratory failure caused by different pathogenesis were different. In meconium aspiration and pneumothorax group there were the highestQs/QT(32±3)% ,A-aDO2 (69.8 ± 12.2)kPa,RI(9.2 ±2.9)and the lowest PaO2/FiO2 (77±39). Mortality of infants with high pulmonary shunt was high. Qs/QT(17±8)% in 38 survives and (24±6)% in 10 died neonates( P＜0.05). Conclusion The clinical evaluation using these indexes for newborn infants with respiratory failure is beneficial in recognizing pathogenesis,guiding therapy and evaluating prognosis.

Objective To analysis and conclude the problem of preventing post-operational acute pulmonary embolism. Methods Data from 29 cases of post-operational acute pulmonary embolism,including primary disease ,high risk factors ,process of operation, the coming on of post-operational acute pulmonary embolism,and the problem of prevention . Results There is inadequate attention on the prevention of post-operational acute pulmonary embolism.Conclusions Failing of bring the prevention measures into effect is the reason of the high incidence rate and mortality rate of post-operational acute pulmonary embolism.

Objective To design an automatic exposure control circuit for X ray equipment to improve the performance of equipment and the quality of film. Methods The device acted in series control. During exposuring process,the X ray reaching the film through patient body was measured by ray sensor. After it was treated with integration, amplification and contrast management,the signal of X ray quantity drived the device to cut off exposure circuit, so that the exposure time was automatic any controlled. Results The effect of the device has been proved by its application in several hospitals. Conclusion The device is simple and effective and has practical value.

Objective To test and analyse the characteristics of double three field iono chamber developed by ourselves. Methods We tested the time characteristic, dose rate characteristic and X ray quality characteristic by using direct test method, and current characteristic, voltage characteristic and thickness characteristic of double three field iono chamber by using photograph test method with NERO 6000B test meter, RF 500 mA X ray equipment and so on. The results were analysed. Results The time characteristic and dose rate characteristic had satisfied linear scales(the return coefficients of linety scales were R =0.999 61 and R = 0.998 88 respectively). The X ray quality characteristic was steady (the maximum output variation was ? max ≤?5%). The good characteristics of current, voltage and thickness were found(the maximum variations of film density were ?D max ≤?0.01, ?D max ≤?0.15 and ?D max ≤?0.06 respectively). The excellent repeat was showed (repeating error of exposure time and dose were ?T max ≤?0.004 s and ?X max ≤0.01?10 -5 C/kg). Conclusion The performace of the new Iono chamber is excellent and steady, so it has practical value.

Objective To evaluate the effect of high frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV) and HFOV+ MgSO 4 on oxygenation, pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure, histologic alterations, and serum magnesium concentration in severe meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS) piglets with persistent pulmonary hypertension(PPH). Methods Newborn piglets were randomized to HFOV group( n =6), HFOV+MgSO 4 group( n =7) and control group( n =5). Piglets of HFOV group and HFOV+MgSO 4 group received an intratracheal a 20% suspension of human meconium. All piglets were given HFOV, Piglet of HFOV+MgSO 4 group was given MgSO 4 intravenously simultaneously. Cardiopulmonary functions, blood gases were monitored and serum magnesium concentration of piglets in HFOV+MgSO 4 group were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometric assay. Results (1) HFOV and HFOV+ MgSO 4 treatment showed improved oxygenation in MAS model, PaO 2,a/APO 2 increased significantly and A-aDO 2?,Qs/Qt decreased significantly in HFOV group at 30 minute ( P