Objective To investigate the X-ray characteristics of humeral spiral fracture cau sed by hand grenade throwing.Methods Forty-six soldiers suffered humera l fracture caused by grenade throwin g in military training.Their X-ray film s were evaluated and fracture featur es were measured.Results All fractures involved the mid-distal humeral shaft.The spiral fracture lines were sy mmetrical in the proximal and distal parts.The lengths of fractures were above 30mm,with 51～90mm in 31cases(67.4%).All fracture angles were less than 45?,with 40?～45?in 42cases(91.3%).The spiral arcs of fractures were 285?～326?with an average of 305.5?(0.85circle).Four cases had a butterfly fracture piece on the medial side.Conclusions Spiral fractures due to grenade thro wing mainly occur at the acceleratio n phase of throwing,and are mainly caused by the combination of torsion al and compressive forces.Humeral t hrowing fractures are characterize d by long fracture line,sharp fracture a ngle,and large spiral arc.

Objective To investigate the effects of HO/CO pathway on inflammation cytokines in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Thirty-six rats were executed to collect ipsilateral spinal cord tissues for HO-1 detection by Western blot assay, and cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6 and high mobility group box (HMGB)1 were detected by ELISA before and at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after establishing incisional pain model. Additionally, 36 rats without establishment of incisional pain model were used as control group. A total of 144 model rats of incisional pain were divided into incisional pain (IP) group, IP+hemin group (100 mg/kg hemin was injected by i.p. before operation), IP+Znpp-IX group (45μmoL/kg Znpp-IX was injected by i.p. before operation) and IP+CORM-2 group (10 mg/kg CORM-2 was injected by i.p. before operation). Values of paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were detected, and expressions of TNF-a, IL-1 b, IL-6 and HMGB1 were measured by ELISA before and at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation. Results Compared with pre-operation of incisional pain in rats, expression levels of HO-1 protein and cytokines TNF-a, IL-1 b, IL-6 and HMGB1 were increased at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation (P<0.05). Compared with control group, values of PWMT and PWTL were obviously decreased, and expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 were increased at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation in IP groups (P<0.05). Compared with IP groups, values of PWMT and PWTL were significantly increased and cytokines TNF-a, IL-1 b, IL-6 and HMGB1 were decreased at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation in IP+hemin group and IP+CORM-2 group (P<0.05). Values of PWMT and
PWTL were decreased and cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and HMGB1 were increased in IP+Znpp-IX group (P<0.05). Conclusion Incisional pain can increase the expression of HO-1, and HO-1/CO pathway exists the regulatory effect on inflammatory cytokines in the rat model of incisional pain.

BACKGROUND:With the development of science and technology and improvement in living quality, telemedicine has played an important role in daily life, in particular in disease diagnosis and treatment as wel as rescue process for elderly people. OBJECTIVE: Based on Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, to analyze the international telemedicine and elderly disease development so as to provide referential basis for the related study in China. METHODS: An online retrieval of Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed with the key words “telemedicine” and “geriatric diseases” for papers regarding telemedicine for geriatric diseases published from 2003 to 2013. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) 239 papers regarding telemedicine for geriatric diseases were retrieved in Web of Science from 2003 to 2013. As per distribution by country for publications, USA published the highest number of papers (n=93, 38.912%). As per distribution by institute for publications (2003-2013), University of Washington was most prolific, folowed by Columbia University, The University of Queensland and The University of Western Australia (Australia). Among the included journals,Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare published the greatest number of papers (n=20, 8.368%). The number of included papers gradualy increased over the 10-year study period. Among these 239 papers, only 4 of them were from China, indicating that Chinese scholars paid relatively little attention in this research field, and the number and quality of Chinese papers on telemedicine for geriatric diseases need to be improved. (2) 18 studies regarding telemedicine for geriatric diseases were registered in ClinicalTrials.gov database from 2003 to 2013. Interventional studies (n=15) accounted for the largest proportion, folowed by observational studies.

Objective To evaluate the role of miRNA-214 in myocardial injury in septic mice.Methods Sixty-six healthy male Kunming mice,weighing 25-30 g,were randomLy (random number) divided into4 groups:sham operation group (Sham group,n =18),cecal ligation and puncture group (CLP group,n =18),CLP + miRNA-214 precursor treated group (pre-miR-214 group,n =12),CLP + miRNA-214 inhibitor treated (anti-miR-214 group,n =12),and the rest six mice were treated with miRNA-214 precursor or inhibitor intravenously.Sepsis was induced by CLP,pre-miR-214 group and anti-miR-214 group were respectively treated with miRNA-214 precursor or miRNA-214 inhibitor before the CLP,Sham group were exposed to the cecum only.Mice were sacrificed and hearts were removed for determination of miRNA-214 expression by RT-PCR in Sham and CLP group at 6 h,12 h,and 24 h.Blood samples were collected from inferior vena cava at 12 h and 24 h after CLP for determination of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) concentration by ELISA,then the mice were sacrificed and hearts were removed for determination of the inflammatory factor concentration by ELISA,cardiac myocyte apoptosis rate by flow cytometry and histopathological changes by microscopic examination.Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 13.0 software for One-way ANOVA.Results (1) The miRNA-214 expression was higher in CLP group than that in Sham group at 6 h,12 h and 24 h;(2) Compared with CLP group,the miRNA-214 expression in pre-miR-214 group was increased,but decreased in anti-miR-214 group at 12 h;(3) Compared with CLP group,the concentrations of the serum BNP,cTNI,tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the interleukin-6 (IL-6) were lower than those in pre-miR-214 group,whereas the interleukin-10 (IL-10) was increased.However,the levels of these variables changed just in opposite direction in anti-miR-214 group at 12 h,24 h;(4) Compared with CLP group,the myocardial cell apoptosis rate was decreased in pre-miR-214 group,but increased in anti-miR-214 group at 24 h;(5) The microscopic examination showed that myocardial injury was attenuated in pre-miR-214 group compared with CLP group.Conclusions The miRNA-214 expression was increased in myocardial injury in CLP mice,suggesting miRNA-214 expression relating to myocardial protection in sepsis.

Objective To evaluate the influence of autophagy on pain behavioristics and astrocytic activation in rats with inflammatory pain.Methods Seventy-eight clean male Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n = 12), model group (n = 42), autophagy inducer rapamycin (Rap) pretreatment group (n = 12) and autophagy inhibitor 3 methyladenine (3-MA) pretreatment group (n = 12). The inflammatory pain rat model was reproduced by subcutaneous injection of freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) 100μL at foot sole, whilein control group, the same volume 0.9% normal saline 100μL was injected at the same site. One hour before modeling, Rap 10 mg/kg and 3-MA 15 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected in rats in Rap and 3-MA pretreatment groups respectively, and the same volume of 0.9% normal saline was injected intraperitoneally in rats of control and model groups. Before modeling and 6, 12, 24 hours and 3 days after modeling, the L4-L6 spinal cord tissue was harvested from 6 rats in model group, and autophagy protein membrane microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ) and autophagy related gene Beclin-1 expressions were detected by Western Blot in the tissue; the changes of pain behavioral indexes mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL,n = 6), were observed at6, 12, 24 hours and 3 days, 7 days after modeling in the 6 rats taken from each group; in another 6 rats in each group, 24 hours after modeling, L4-L6 spinal cord tissue was collected, immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the changes of astrocytes and the positive expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) under a confocal microscopy, and the protein expression quantity of GFAP was detected by Western Blot in the tissue.Results ① The inflammatory pain could induce the increase of rat autophagy protein LC3Ⅱ and Beclin-1 expressions in spinal cord tissue, reaching their peaks at 24 hours (A value: 0.59±0.07, 0.51±0.06, respectively), and then they were gradually decreased. ② With the prolongation of time, in the model group MWT was gradually decreased, TWL was gradually shortened, they reached their valley values at 24 hours after modeling [MWT (g): 17.8±1.9, TWL (s): 6.8±0.4], and from 12 hours they were significantly decreased compared with those in control group [12hours MWT (g): 21.5±2.4 vs. 43.4±5.1, TWL (s): 12.0±1.1 vs. 17.6±1.2, bothP < 0.05], after modeling for 3 days they were increased; Compared with model group, 12 hours after autophagy inducer Rap was given, MWT was significantly increased (g: 36.8±4.9 vs. 21.5±2.4,P < 0.05), TWL was significantly prolonged (s: 14.3±1.1 vs. 12.0±1.1,P < 0.05); from 12 hours after autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was given, MWT was further reduced (g: 18.6±1.9 vs. 21.5±2.4, P<0.05), TWL was further shortened (s: 8.4±0.6 vs. 12.0±1.1,P < 0.05). ③ Confocal microscopic findings showed, there was no significant acstrocytic change, and only litter GFAP expression was seen in control group. In model group, the inflammatory pain induced astrocyte activation, manifesting glial cell hypertrophy, hyperplasia, gelatinousnetwork deformation, and GFAP expression was obviously increased compared with that in the control group (A value: 0.54±0.09 vs. 0.16±0.02,P < 0.05). Since autophagy inducer Rap can decrease astrocyte activation and inhibit GFAP expression, there was statistical significant difference between Rap pretreatment and model groups (A value: 0.33±0.06 vs.0.54±0.09,P < 0.05); autophagy inhibitor 3-MA can further aggravate astrocytes activation and up-regulate GFAP expression in 3-MA pretreatment group (A value: 0.73±0.08 vs. 0.54±0.09,P < 0.05).Conclusion Autophagy participates in the process of astrocytic activation and pain behavioristics in rats with inflammatory pain.

Objective To design an automatic exposure control circuit for X ray equipment to improve the performance of equipment and the quality of film. Methods The device acted in series control. During exposuring process,the X ray reaching the film through patient body was measured by ray sensor. After it was treated with integration, amplification and contrast management,the signal of X ray quantity drived the device to cut off exposure circuit, so that the exposure time was automatic any controlled. Results The effect of the device has been proved by its application in several hospitals. Conclusion The device is simple and effective and has practical value.

Objective To design a new X-ray sensor of iono-chamber type to achieve automatic exposure control(AEC) of the X-ray machine. Methods We designed the chamber acording to the ionization theory and the requirements of automatic exposure control. Results (1) The device had double-negative poles, so the distance between positive and negative poles was 1/2 shorter and its test-volume was equal to odd-negative pole. (2)It had good property of electromagnetism-resistance because of the double shielded design by double-negative poles and screen-rings.(3) Iono-chamber was made of low-density material, so it had low absorb-ratio of X-ray and could not form image on film. Conclusion The property of the device was steady and reliable. It had applying and spreading value.

Objective To test and analyse the characteristics of double three field iono chamber developed by ourselves. Methods We tested the time characteristic, dose rate characteristic and X ray quality characteristic by using direct test method, and current characteristic, voltage characteristic and thickness characteristic of double three field iono chamber by using photograph test method with NERO 6000B test meter, RF 500 mA X ray equipment and so on. The results were analysed. Results The time characteristic and dose rate characteristic had satisfied linear scales(the return coefficients of linety scales were R =0.999 61 and R = 0.998 88 respectively). The X ray quality characteristic was steady (the maximum output variation was ? max ≤?5%). The good characteristics of current, voltage and thickness were found(the maximum variations of film density were ?D max ≤?0.01, ?D max ≤?0.15 and ?D max ≤?0.06 respectively). The excellent repeat was showed (repeating error of exposure time and dose were ?T max ≤?0.004 s and ?X max ≤0.01?10 -5 C/kg). Conclusion The performace of the new Iono chamber is excellent and steady, so it has practical value.

Objective To evaluate the effect of high frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV) and HFOV+ MgSO 4 on oxygenation, pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure, histologic alterations, and serum magnesium concentration in severe meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS) piglets with persistent pulmonary hypertension(PPH). Methods Newborn piglets were randomized to HFOV group( n =6), HFOV+MgSO 4 group( n =7) and control group( n =5). Piglets of HFOV group and HFOV+MgSO 4 group received an intratracheal a 20% suspension of human meconium. All piglets were given HFOV, Piglet of HFOV+MgSO 4 group was given MgSO 4 intravenously simultaneously. Cardiopulmonary functions, blood gases were monitored and serum magnesium concentration of piglets in HFOV+MgSO 4 group were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometric assay. Results (1) HFOV and HFOV+ MgSO 4 treatment showed improved oxygenation in MAS model, PaO 2,a/APO 2 increased significantly and A-aDO 2?,Qs/Qt decreased significantly in HFOV group at 30 minute ( P

Objective To observe the Smad5 gene knockout and induced-changes of auditory physiology and cochlea morphology in mouse, to explore whether Smad5 gene is a new gene related to hearing function. Methods Double blind control methods were used to detect the auditory threshold of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in the mouse of Smad5 (+/+) to Smad5(+/-) and the cochlea morphology (cochlea paraffin-cut section and basal membrane spreading section). The hair cell count was also taken. Results As shown by ABR audiometry, the average hearing of Smad5 (+/-) mouse (aged 24 weeks) is 90.63?17.65 dB (SPL) and that of Smad5(+/+) mouse is 63?19.94 dB(SPL), which are of significant difference (P0.05). Conclusion Smad5(+/-) gene knockout can cause the mouse a auditory threshold decline in moderate or severe extent. Cochlea morphology indicated that hair cells (mainly outer hair cells) in mouse cochlea basal membrane became deficient. A mechanism of Smad5 gene knockout to caused the deafness and the deficiency of hair cells remained to be further studied.