This paper summarizes the main achievements and the existing problems of clinical pharmacy in China since establishing the discipline. The cause which accounts for the occurrence of these problems is briefly analysed. On the basis, we suggest the way to develope clinical pharmacy in the future. The following three topics are discussed in detail:establishing related rules and regulations, trainning qualified personnel, and encouraging pharmaceutists to contact clinical work.

Ten cases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas were histochemically investigated for their lectin receptors by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Results showed that gastric adenocarcinomas expressed more types of lectin receptors than large bowel adenocarcinomas. Positive rates of G1c/Man-and GlcNAc-specific lectin receptors in those tumors were higher than those of Gal/GalNAc- and Fuc-specific lectin receptoes. From the stomach to rectum, the spectrum of the lectin receptors in pericarcinomatous tissues gradually changed from the gastric type to rectal type. The expression of lectin receptors in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas was obviously different from that in their corresponding pericarcinomatous tissues. The increase and decrease of lectin receptor expression, the appearance and disappearance of some types of lectin receptors as well as the change of the receptor distribution are indirectly regulated by cellular genome.

The high affinity interaction of avidin-biotin in immunoenzyrnatic techniques has provided a simple and sensitive method to localize antigens in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues.The distribution of lectin receptors in primary hepatocellular carcinoma, int-ahepatic cholangiccarcinorria an.i cavernous hemangi-oma was studied for the first time by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method.The results show that the method was simple, highly sensitive, and had gcod reproducibility and specificity as well as higher value of practical use.

Receptors of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) in liver tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma(ICC) and so on, were histologically localized by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Normal, cirrhostic and pericarcinomatous liver tissues were used as controls. The result showed that WGA receptors in HCC were irregularly distributed, which was significantly different to the band-like distribution of WGA receptors in the controls and to the distribution in ICC. After the treatment with neuraminidase, the distributions of WGA receptors changed apparently. It is suggested that the characteristics of WGA receptor distributions in cells could be helpful to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of liver tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the further implementation of national essential drug system in China. METHODS: The establishment of national essential drug system in China was reviewed to find out the problem in the implementation process. Related solutions were proposed. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The implementation of essential drugs in China demand clarifying the legal status of essential drugs, strengthening popularity of essential drugs, improving awareness of medical staff and the public about essential drugs. Moreover, patients can be benefited in the medical institutions where essential drug system has been carried out to improving the dependence of the public to essential medicines.

Glycophorin A(GPA)of human erythrocyte membrane is closely related with the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum. Under the condition of the in vitro culture, the effects of GPA, anti-GPA-IgG, ?1-acid glycoprotein, wheat germ agglutinin, etc. on the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum were observed in the research. The results showed that the combination of GPA with Plasmodium falciparum merozoites has high specificity, high affinity and a tendency to saturation, and produces specific biological effects. These confirm for the first time from the characteristics of the ligand-receptor interaction that GPA is a recptor recognized and bound by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites.

Wheat germ agglutinin(WGA)with a higher activity of hemagglutination was purified from wheat germ by a modified method of ovomucoid-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography.The average yield of purified WGA from 100g wheat germ acetone powder was 58.74?6.56mg. WGA showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 34400.The specific haptens of WGA- were N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid.

目的观察多功能微晶疤痕治疗仪配合曲安缩松局部注射治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效。方法 80例瘢痕疙瘩患者随机分为多功能微晶疤痕治疗仪配合曲安缩松瘢痕组织内注射组与单纯曲安缩松注射组各40例,比较两组的疗效。结果多功能微晶疤痕治疗仪配合曲安缩松局部注射的疗效明显优于单纯曲安缩松注射(P<0.01)。结论多功能微晶疤痕治疗仪负压探头能软化瘢痕,利于曲安缩松药物充盈,从而使其更好地发挥抑制成纤维细胞增生的作用。

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma(nasal type) is a common,high malignant degree and poor prognosis entity of the nasal lymphoma.It is the most important to understand its genesis,development,clinical manifestation,pathologic diagnosis,therapy and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss about the management of Chinese pharmaceutical retail commerce METHODS:According to the analysis of the operation models and existing problems of Chinese pharmaceutical retail commerce,this paper brings forward concrete management strategy RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Chinese government and pharmaceutical retail enterprises should adopt effective management strategy to promote development of Chinese pharmaceutical retail commerce