PURPOSE To investigate the application of CLSM in tumor pathology with the three dimensional reconstruction by confocal laser scanning microscopy in routine pathologic specimens of HCC, METHODS 30 ?m thick sections were cut from the paraffin-embedded tissues of HCC. hyperplasia and normal liver, stained with the DNA fluorescent probe YOYO-1 iodide and examined by CLSM to collect optical sections and 3D reconstructed images. RESULTS HCC displayed chaotic arrangement of carcinoma cell nuclei, marked pleomorphism. indented and irregular nuclear surface, and irregular and coarse chromatin texture. CONCLUSION The serial optical tomograms of CLSM can be used to create 3D reconstruction of cancer cells. Such 3D impressions might be helpful or even essential in arriving at an exact diagnosis

Background and purpose:It has be reported that the activation of EGFR-STAT3 signal transduction pathway is involved in oncogenesis of many cancers.This study was to investigate whether EGFR-STAT3 pathway plays a role in the carcinogenesis of hepatoma in rats.Methods:Hepatoma induced by 3'Me-DAB was used as a model.EGFR,TGF?,STAT3,p-STAT3 in different stages of carcinogenesis were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.In situ hybridization was applied to investigate the expression of STAT3 mRNA.The slides were assessed by Carl Zeiss Image Analysis system.The data were statistically evaluated.Results:EGFR,TGF?,STAT3 were highly expressed at the stages of liver necrosis and repair.the expression of EGFR,TGFa,STAT3 and p-STAT3 has been found in all hepatomas and the levels of EGFR and TGFa were statistically higher than that in normal tissue,similarlly the STAT3 mRNA and protein level in hepatoma was much higher than in normal tissue(P

Objective:To establish a model of patellar dislocation by femoral osteotomy or surgical release of medial retinaculum in immature rabbits, and observe morphological and trabecular microarchitectural changes in the trochlea.Methods:Forty rabbits at 3 months of age were included. All right knees underwent surgery, 20 knees were treated with femoral osteotomy and internal rotation of distal femur to increase femoral anteversion angle (Osteotomy group, OS group), and another 20 knees were treated with surgical release of medial retinaculum and overlap suture of lateral retinaculum (Soft tissue group, ST group). All left knees were acting as internal controls. Micro-CT scans for distal femur were acquired after 4 months post surgery. the height of Medial, central, and lateral trochlear, sulcus angle, and lateral and medial trochlear slope were measured to describe the trochlear morphology, and bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp), and bone mineral density (BMD) were calculated to evaluate the microarchitectural structure. All parameters were compared between groups.Results:In OS group, one rabbit sustained a hip dislocation without patellar dislocation. Three knees developed complete patellar dislocation in daily flexion position, and the remaining 16 patellae were dislocated when the knee was placed in the maximal extension position. In ST group, 15 knees were complete patellar dislocation in daily flexion position, and 5 knees were without dislocation. A local boss was formed proximal to the entrance of the groove and the articular cartilage was smooth, and no obvious osteoarthritis was observed in OS group. In ST group no boss was formed, while obvious cartilage degeneration and defect was seen. Compared to the control group, the central trochlear height and sulcus angle were greater in both groups, but without significant difference between the two groups. The Tb.Th was increased in both medial and lateral condyle, and Tb.N was decreased in medial condyle compared with its control knees in OS group. The BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N and BMD were decreased and Tb.Sp was increased in both medial and lateral condyle compared with its control knees in ST group. Compared to the OS group, the BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N and BMD were smaller and Tb.Sp was greater in both medial and lateral condyle in ST group, with significant differences.Conclusion:The model of patellar dislocation could be successfully achieved by femoral rotational osteotomy to increase femoral anteversion or surgical release of medial retinaculum and overlap suture of lateral retinaculum, and subsequent morphological and trabecular microarchitectural changes in the trochlea are different. Different bony and soft tissue factors should be addressed for different patients with patellar dislocation in clinical practice.