Object To investigate the saccharide changes of Radix Rehmanniae when being processed. Methods The fresh roots were torrefied at 65 ℃ and sampled at 0,1, and 6 d. The samples and 4 h steamed slices of those dried roots were extracted with hot water respectively. The extracts were subjected to HPLC analysis, Sugar pak 1 column at 80 ℃,with water as the mobile phase at 0 7 mL/min and detected by RID. Results There are three principal components in the fresh roots, i.e. stachyose (11%-15%), sucrose (0 30%-0 92%), and catalpol (0 27%-0 88%). In the processing of the fresh roots, the HPLC chromatorams of the extracts differed to each other remarkbly. On the chromatogram of roots torrefied for 1 d, one distinct monosaccharide peak displayed at 10 2 min, which is likely to be galactose, and it become prominent in the dried roots together with raffinose. In steamed ones, the peaks of fructose and glucose became outstanding. Conclusion According to the HPLC chromatograms, the degalacto sylation of stachyose may take place during torrifying, while defructosylation during steaming. One of the principal purposes of the processing may be for stachyose degradation for its flatulence causing character.

Based on the TCM theory of " Unity of Spirit and Body" and emotional changes causing diseases, rat models were made by bindking and wator -immersion methods to produce stress ulceration.' Counter -proved by treating such rats with compound - herbal recipe for regulating Qi descending adverse flowing and dissipating lumps, the Xinshen No. 1., it was proved that the nature of the functional disturbance in the models was the micro - circulatory disturbance of heural - hormonal system. Hence, the remedy yields therapeutic action spirit (emotional and psychic factors )and the body.

Objective To study the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on the cardiac function and arrhythmias of patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony. Methods Thirty-two cases of patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony underwent CRT therapy. And LEVESV, LVEDV, LVEF, LVEDD, MRA, LAA, MRA/LAA were detected by echocardiography while the cardiac function was kept stable. Then the left ventricular systolic 12 segment peak time (Ts) was measurements by tissue doppler in all patients, the poor (Ts-maxD) and standard deviation (Ts-SD) were also calculated. The 24-hour ambulatory 12-lead ECG was took postoperation. All the patients were treated by anti-heart failure drugs after CRT pacemeker implantantion. All these indicators were assessed again at 12 weeks later. Results Compared with the previous CRT pacemaker implantation, LVEF, LV dp/dpsignificantly increased (P < 0.05). LEVESV, Ts-maxD, Ts-SD, MRA, MRA/LAA markedly declined (P < 0.05). But no statistical significance was found between the preoperative and postoperative CRT (P>0.05). Atrial premature beats and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia were significantly reduced in the preoperative CRT (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in atrial fibrillation, ventricular premature beats and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia between the preoperative and postoperative CRT (P > 0.05). Conclusion CRT resynchronization therapy can improve left ventricular systolic function, and reduce the MRA and Ts. The mechanism may be associated with the improvement of left ventricular synchrony, reducing mitral regurgitation, and reducing the occurrence of atrial arrhythmias.

Objective To evaluate bone marrow smear examination in early diagnosis of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection. Methods Seventy-three clinically suspected AIDS patients complicated with disseminated PeniciUium marneffei infection were included in the study. Peripheral blood and bone marrow smear examinations, and the fungal thermally dimorphic culture were performed in all cases. Results PeniciUium marneffei infection was identified in 44 patients by peripheral blood and bone marrow fungal thermally dimorphic culture. The features of the bone marrow smear were as follows : they were all hyperplastic or significantly hyperplastic; there were thickened and increased granules, vacuolization and band-formed in most granulocytes; there were increased and augmented histiocytes, and increased plasma cells. In 12 samples of bone marrow smear, there were phagncytized mulberry-like Penicillium marneffei organisms in the cytoplasm of the histiocytes or the organisms found extracellularly. One sample demonstrated the increased granulocytes and the phagocytized organisms in the neutrophils and monocytes. In 4 samples of peripheral blood smear, there were phagocytized Penicillium marneffe organisms in the neutrophils and monocytes. Conclusion Bone marrow smear examination is of value in early diagnosis of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection, which is 7 to 10 days earlier than routine fungal thermally dimorphic culture.

Ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine lack of the morphological characters and microscopic identification features. This makes it hard to identify herb's authenticity with traditional methods. We tested ITS2 sequence as DNA barcode in identification of herbal medicine in ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder in this study. We extracted genomic DNAs of 93 samples of 31 representative herbal medicines (28 species), which include whole plant, roots and bulbs, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. The ITS2 sequences were amplified and sequenced bidirectionally. The ITS2 sequences were identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) method in the GenBank database and DNA barcoding system to identify the herbal medicine. The genetic distance was analyzed using the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6.0. The results showed that DNA can be extracted successfully from 93 samples and high quality ITS2 sequences can be amplified. All 31 herbal medicines can get correct identification via BLAST method. The ITS2 sequences of raw material medicines, ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder have same sequence in 26 herbal medicines, while the ITS2 sequences in other 5 herbal medicines exhibited variation. The maximum intraspecific genetic-distances of each species were all less than the minimum interspecific genetic distances. ITS2 sequences of each species are all converged to their standard DNA barcodes using NJ method. Therefore, using ITS2 barcode can accurately and effectively distinguish ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine. It provides a new molecular method to identify ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine in the quality control and market supervision.

Objective To examine the variation in TLR7 gene copy number of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Han population,and investigate the relationship between TLR7 gene copy number variations and clinical phenotypes of SLE.Methods Determination of gene copy number of TLR7 was achieved by AccuCopyTM multiple gene copy number detection method in 337 cases of Han SLE patients and 338 healthy controls.According to the clinical phenotype stratification,all cases were divided into lupus nephritis and non-lupus nephritis group,the hematological involvement and non-hematological involvement group,anti-Smith antibody positive and negative group.The data were analyzed by non-parametric rank test.Results Based on sex,there was no significant difference in the variations in TLR7 gene copy number between in female SLE patients and female healthy controls (Z=-1.175,P=0.240).There was also no difference in male group (Z=-1.085,P=0.278).Comparing gene copy numbers variation based on the presence or absence of lupus nephritis,hematological involvement,and anti-Smith antibody,there was no statistical significant difference in female SLE patients(Z=-0.888,P=0.375; Z=-1.085,P=0.278; Z=-0.529,P=0.597).There was no difference in variation in male SLE patients,neither (Z=-0.460,P=0.646; Z=-0.340,P=0.733;Z=-0.158,P=0.874).Conclusion The variations in TLR7 gene copy number are not correlated with SLE and clinical phenotypes of SLE in Han population.

Objective To summarize the clinical experiences in liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death donors. Methods The clinical data of 20 recipients who underwent liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death of 20 donors at the Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area from July 2006 to May 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was applied to donors with brain and cardiac death to avoid warm ischemia.Donors in type Ⅲ according to the Maastricht classification did not receive ECMO.Liver grafts were obtained 5 minutes after the stop of heartbeat of the donors.Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed on recipients.Seventeen recipients received end-to-end bile duct anastomosis and 3 received cholangioenterostomy.All the recipients were followed up regularly.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Of the 20 donors,2 ( 10％ ) were in the type of Maastricht Ⅲ and 18 (90％) were donation after brain and cardiac death donors.Liver transplantation was successfully performed on all recipients,and the mean operation time,duration of anhepatic phase,mean volume of blood loss and duration of postoperative intensive care unit stay were (6.2 ± 2.7 ) hours,( 54 ± 13 ) minutes,( 2305 ± 1311 ) ml and (44 ±35) hours,respectively.There was no mortality during operation,and no recovering delay and non-function of the transplanted liver occurred.One recipient died of sepsis and 1 died of pulmonary infection at 1 month after operation,the other 18 recipients all survived.The longest survival time was 58 months.Conclusions Donation after cardiac death is the main source of liver grafts in China currently,and donation after brain and cardiac death is the main type.Establishment of rational flow-sheets of the donation after cardiac death and liver transplantation,rational application of ECMO for protecting the liver grafts are helpful for the work of organ donation after brain and cardiac death.

ObjectiveTo summarize the early clinical experience of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for protecting the liver donation after cardiac death (DCD).Methods Review and analysis the clinical data of 17 cases of liver transplantation with the donors from Chinese citizen after cardiac death from July 2009 to May 2011 in our liver transplantation center,and comprehend the primary diseases and the relevant index of the donors,the flow-sheet of donation and obtain of the organs from the donation after cardiac death,and the apply methods of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during those processes.ResultsAll 17 cases had been diagnosed as brain death before,and waited for cardiac death,so all were clearly the donation of brain death plus cardiac death(DBCD).During the processes waiting for cardiac death,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were introducted in every case,and the using time were 51-380 (mean 187)min.The donation after brain death plus cardiac death (DBCD) were all harvested liver donors and were transplanted to 17 receivers respectively.In our center,there was no operational death in liver transplantation in this series.The post-operation liver function recovered satisfactory,without transplant liver non-function or recovering delay.One case died of the pulmonary infection one month later after operation,and the other 16 cases all survived and were followed up to now.The longest survival time was 29 months.ConclusionThe donation after brain death plus cardiac death (DBCD) was the special donation type for citizen in China.The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) could well control the warm ischemia for protecting the liver donor just without ethics dispute.So,the using of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the liver donation after cardiac death(DCD)of citizen in our China have very important contribution.