While tracing back the 50 years of history and achievements in higher education of TCM,it compares it with western medicine,and sets up 3 elements(research object,knowledge system and intellectual producing style)scale for a separate discipline.Chinese medicine development is slow and weak;therefore it expounds the self-enhancement path from adjusting key Chinese medicine development points,strengthening the idea of paddling its own canoe,perfecting knowledge system and improving the academic and scholar level of Chinese medicine team.

Objective To investigate the frequency of micresatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and select sensitive loci for studying microsatellite DNA imbalance in thymic squamous cell carcinoma. Methods 5 microsat-ellitc polymorphism markers and extrated DNA were selected from 9 specmiens of paired thymie squamous cell carcinoma/nor-real tissues. MSI and LOH in the specmiens of thymic carcinoma and relevant pericancerou tissues were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) with silver staining. Results MSI or LOH was detected in 9 thymic carcinoma tissues. The frequency of MSI or LOH was 66.7% (6/9) at loci of D6S1708, 33.3% (3/9) at TP53, 33.3% (3/9)at DM, 33.3% (3/9)at D11S988 and 0% (0/9)at D8S136, LOH at D6S1708 (5/6) was a common genetic alteration. DI1S988 had only LOH alteration. Conclusion D6S1708, TP53, DM, and D11S988 are sensi-tive loci for studying microsatellite DNA imbalance in thymic squamous cell carcinoma. Microsatellite DNA imbalance may play a certain role in occurrence and development of thymic squamous cell carcinoma, and the relationship between MSi or LOH.The linicopathological features of thymic squamous cell carcinoma needs further investigation.

The geo-herbalism of Cangzhu, Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. , was studied for itsstrict quality control. Samples of typical and representative populations of geo-herbal and non-geo herbalorigin were collected, examined and cultivated through field work. Volatile oils from samples of varioushabitats were determined by GC/MS, and their respective bacteriostatic minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)determined. Results of the study showed that both the size of capitulum and cleft on the leaves var-ied greatly even in species of the same population. The main components in their volatile oil also variedgreatly with Maocangzhu (MCZ) contains atractylone (29.54%) and atractylodin (17.82%); that of Nan-cangzhu (NCZ) contains hinesol (61.86%) and β-eudesmol (19.79%), and Baicangzhu (BCZ) cantains βeudesmol or mixture of β-eudesmol and atractylone (over 30%). Volatile oils of speciaes from Luotina,Taibai, and Huanglong showed potent bacteriostatic activity against Streptococcus hemolyticus (SH), com-parable to penicillin or streptomycin. In conclusion, A. lancea is a polymorphic complex greatly influencedby geographic environment and a reasonable proposal is to name them by geo-herbal names such as: MCZas A. lancea var. maoshanensis Hu et Feng; NCZ as A. lancea subsp. luotianensis Hu et Feng; and BCZ asA. lancea var. chinensis (Bunge) Kitam other than independent species as A. chinensis Bunge. It was in-correct to say that MCZ has no atractylone in its volatile oil and therefore differs from A. macrocephalaKoidz. (Baizhu). Inhibitory activity of the volatile oils against SH and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) arealso quite different due to the habitats and imply that the rhizome from Luotian may be used to cure infec-tion diseases caused by SH and PA besides their traditional uses.

Objective To explore the function of serum myocardial enzymes on bronchiolitis disease with myocarditis in clinical diagnosis. Methods 91 children with bronchiolitis were hospitalized and 40 cases of the same period of non-infectious disease test results of serum myocardial enzymes were analyzed. Results In the test results of serum myocardial enzymes from 91 cases of bronchiolitis disease, the abnormal rate of Valley-Grass aminotransferase (AST) was 68.13%; the abnormal rate of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) was 67.03%; the abnormal rate of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was 56.04% ;the abnormal rate of creatine kinase(CK) was 32.97%. Compared with the control group,CK-MB,AST,LDH,CK were significantly higher(P＜0.01). Conclusion For thechildren with bronchiolitis disease,myocardial damage should be alerted and early detection of myocardial enzymes should be taken.

Objective To explore the joints and tendons characteristic features of high frequency ultrasound in asymptomatic hyperuricemia(AH) and to assess its value in AH diagnosis.Methods One hundred asymptomatic individuals with hyperuricemia (AH group) and 75 normouricemic subjects (control group) were examined by high frequency and color Doppler ultrasound.The joints,tendons and soft tissue of the knees,ankles and first metatarsal-phalangeal joints in two groups were examined.The correlations of serum urate(SU) level with double contour sign,bone erosion and articular cavity effusion were analysed.Results Hyperechoic deposition on the sulface of the articular hyaline cartilage (double contour sign) were found in the knees (35),ankles (17) and the first metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJs,48) from the asymptomatic individuals with hyperuricemia,in contrast to none in the control group (P ＜0.05).Similar results were found in two groups of the bone erosion (30,25,20 vs 4,6,3,P ＜0.05),the effusion (28,36,41 vs 6,8,9,P ＜0.05) and the hyperechoic spots (19,18,22 vs 0,0,0,P ＜0.05).Patellar enthesopathy (4.5％ vs 0.6％,P ＜0.05) as well as achilles enthesopathy(8％ vs 0,P ＜0.05) and achilles tophi (6％ vs 0.6％,P ＜ 0.05) were more frequent in asymptomatic hyperuricemic than that of normouricemic individuals.No correlations between SU concentration and the presence of the double contour sign,the bone erosion and effusion were found (P ＞0.05).Conclusions There were some similar specific sonographic findings of gouty arthritis in the asymptomatic individuals with hyperuricemia.Also,these findings support high frequency ultrasound as a useful tool to detect anatomical damage in the joints,synovial tissue and tendons of asymptomatic individuals with hyperuricemia.

Object To develop a new method of discriminating the principle components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) from different areas, and to find the reason for forming high-quality of RPR in the place of the genuine. Methods Using Foruier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectrometry, the characteristic peaks of fingerprint infrared spectra of RPR samples from 18 habitats were recognized and compared. Results Frequency, intensity and shape of infrared absorption spectra were obviously different between wild and cultivated groups of RPR. The infrared absorption peaks of RPR in Duolun, a famous Chinese orthodox drug, were of distinct characteristics. Conclusion FTIR technique is first applied to rapid analysis of principle component of RPR from different areas. So an operable method in the quality control and discrimination of RPR in the place of the genuine is provided.

Objective To prepare TF conjugated doxorubicin and Rg 3 loaded liposome and evaluate their properties and effect on the treatment of gastric cancer. Method The liposomes were prepared by thin iflm hydration method. The efifciency of cellular uptake on MKN-28 cells in vitro was evaluated. The anti-proliferation efifciency of TF-LP-DOX/Rg 3 was evaluated by MTT assay. Tumor spheroids were used to evaluate anti-tumor ability of TF-LP-DOX/Rg 3. Results The result demonstrated that TF-LP uptaken by MKN-28 were 2.9 times higher than that of LP(P<0.01). The MTT assay and the inhibition of tumor spheroids in vitro conifrmed strong inhibitory effect of TF-LP-DOX/Rg 3. Conclusion TF-LP-DOX/Rg 3 easily prepared and it is a potential delivery system for the treatment of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on the erectile function and the number of nNOS-containing nerve fibers in internal iliac arterial ligation rats.

METHODSThirty-six mature male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: GH intervention group, internal iliac arterial ligation group and sham operation group. After four weeks and eight weeks of treatment, one jalf of the rats of each group were selected respectively and tested for erectile function and then sacrificed for the detection of nNOS-containing nerve fibers by streptaridin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry techniques(SP method).

RESULTSAfter four weeks, the erection frequency and the number of nNOS-containing never fibers in the sham operation group significantly increased compared with the other two groups, which showed no significant difference(P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in erection rate among the three groups. After eight weeks, the number of nNOS-containing never fibers in corpus carvosum in the internal iliac arterial ligation group decreased compared with the other two groups, between which there was no significant difference. And there was no significant difference in erection frequency and erection rate among the three groups.

CONCLUSIONGrowth hormone can improve erectile function of internal iliac arterial ligation rats, which can be explained by the increase in the number of nNOS-containing never fibers in corpus carvosum of rats.

Animals ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Growth Hormone ; pharmacology ; Iliac Artery ; Ligation ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; analysis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Penile Erection ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Chloroplast genome sequences have comprehensive application prospects in DNA barcoding and chloroplast engineering in traditional Chinese medicine. The complete chloroplast genome of Magnolia officinalis sequenced by high-throughput pyrosequencing and a sequencing procedure was established. Fourteen contigs were obtained after de nove assembly. The sequencing percent of coverage was 99.99%. The chloroplast genome is 160 183 bp in size, and has a typical quadripartite structure with the large (LSC, 88 210 bp) and small copy (SSC, 18 843 bp) regions separated by two copies of an inverted repeat (IRs, 26 565 bp each). chloroplast genes were successfully annotated, of which 17 genes located in each IR region. The chloroplast genome features in Magnolia officinalis are nearly identical to those from other Magnoliid chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on 81 shared coding-genes for a total of 9 Magnolia samples of 5 closely related species. Results showed that distinguishing among species was generally straightforward at the species and population level. This study confirmed the effectiveness of our chloroplast genome sequencing procedure. The chloroplast genome can provide distinguishing differences to help identify Magnolia officinalis and its closely related plants.

Transcription factor is one of the key factors in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level. It plays an important role in plant growth, active components biosynthesis and response to environmental change. This paper summarized the structure and classification of bHLH transcription factors and elaborated the research progress of bHLH transcription factors which regulate the active components in plants, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. In addition, the possibility of increasing the concentration of active substances by bHLH in medicinal plants was assessed. The paper emphasized great significance of model plants and multidisciplinary research fields including modern genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics, providing the contribution to improve the discovery and function characterization of bHLH transcription factors. Accelerating the research in the mechanism of bHLH transcription factors on the regulation of active components biosynthesis will promote the development of breeding and variety improvement of Chinese medicinal materials, also ease the pressure of resources exhaustion of traditional Chinese medicine home and abroad.