It is general belied that myocardial ischemia caused an increase of plasma fibrinogen(Fg),but the changes of Fg in ischemic region is not clear.In 17 open chest dogs, an external stenosis or infarction was produced by a micro-meter constrictor on left circumflex coronary artery. The changes of Fg and platelet count(PC) in coronary sinus were observed for 60 min. The results showed that acute myocardial ischemia produed a decrease in Fg when coronary artery stenosis was more than 75%; there was also a decrease in PC when stenosis was more than 90%. The reduced amplitude of PC was more than that of Fg. Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of damanged endothelial cell, platelet adhesion and aggregation coronary thrombosis and microemboli in ischemic region It is suggested that acute myocardial ischemia lead to a decrease of Fg in the ischemic myocardium, which was associated with platelet aggregation and coronary thrombosis.

Purpose:To study the value of high frequency color doppler ultrasound diagnosis for breast intraductal papilloma.Methods:50 patients with breast intraductal papilloma,all confirmed by surgical and pathology,and examined by ultrasound before surgery,all had symptoms of excreting blood or liquid from nipple or palpable mass. The probe were placed on the surface of the breast to scan radially from nipple,after finding the enlarged duct,try to detect the neoplasm in it carefully. The two dimensional images were observed and the color Doppler flow codes were detected.Results:The detection rate and the diagnostic accuracy rate of breast intraductal papilloma by ultrasound are 62.0% and 38.0% respectively,ultrasonography is better than mammography and near infrared light scanning.The images were divided into four types:one type of no unusual finding(7 cases),one type of finding both the enlarged duct and the tumor(19 cases),one type of finding the enlarged duct only(12 cases),one type of finding the tumor only(12 cases),the images of the type of finding both the enlarged duct and the tumor are typical. The detection rate of flow by color doppler ultrasound is low(5/50).Conclusions:The high frequency color doppler ultrasound is valuable in diagnosis of breast intraductal papilloma,and the special symptom ,the accurate detection method and the typical images are the key of ultrasound diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula (CAF) by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) and the role of TTE in this therapy. Methods CAF were occluded with transcatheter closure techniques in 17 patients. TTE was performed before and after the treatments. The key points were retrospectively analyzed including: the sites of CAF, the position and diameter of CAF,the shape and position of the devices after the intervention,the residual shunt,and cardiac chamber size. Results Before the therapy,TTE made definite diagnosis of CAF. All patients had lesions in single coronary artery, and the diameter of CAF was 2-14 (6.4 ± 3.5)mm. All patients underwent transcatheter closure successfully. TTE revealed the shunts disappear 1-4 days after the occlusion. During a follow-up period of 1- 29 (11.7± 7.9)months,no residual shunts, no complications, and normal size of thecardiac chambers were recognized by TTE. Conclusions The transcatheter closure of CAF has emerged as a less invasive, safe and effective strategy. Echocardiography has important role in primary screening of patients and the follow-up after the treatments.

Biochemistry is one of the major courses in basic medical science.All through the construction of the course in recent years,several teaching reforms have been taken in optimizing the content,improving teaching methods,enhancing education technique and intensifying teaching group,which contributed a lot to good teaching effect.As a result,the course of biochemistry was appraised as State-class Quality Course in 2005.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of the active ingredients of Shenmai injection,including ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re,in normal Beagle dogs and those with myocardial ischemia. METHODS:6 Beagle dogs were given isopro-terenol hydrochloride (1.1 mg/kg) sc to establish the model of myocardial ischemia (model group). Another 6 Beagle dogs were given isometric normal saline (2.2 ml/kg) sc as controls group. The two groups of dogs respectively received corresponding drugs sc at 8:00 am and 13:00 pm on day 1 and at 8:00 am on day 2. Each group of dogs were given Shenmai injection(1.6 ml/kg)iv 1 h after administration on day 2,and such intravenous drip lasted for about 1 h. Blood was collected from each group 0,0.25, 0.5,0.75,1(the end of iv),1.5,2,3,4,6,8,12 and 24 h from the start of iv. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was adopted to determine the concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re in blood,and WinNonlin 6.3 was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters for comparison. RESULTS:For ginsenoside Re in the dogs of the model group,t1/2 was(2.69±1.12) h,AUC0-24 h was(2 060.78±812.18)h·μg/L,Vz was(46.16±20.98)ml and CL was(9.02±4.45)ml/h;compared to the normal control group,AUC0-24 h was much greater and Vz and CL were significantly lower,showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). No significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenoside Rg1 was shown between 2 groups(P>0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:Myocardial ischemia may affect the removal of ginsenoside Re in Beagle dogs,but has no effect on the pharmacoki-netic process of ginsenoside Rg1.

Objective To study the acute toxicity of slow-release (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA-gemcitabine microsphere and gemcitabine on mice.Methods Up and down procedure (UDP) was used to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of PLGA-gemcitabine microsphere and gemcitabine on mice respectively.Results The LD50 of PLGA-gemcitabine microsphere on mice was 256.30 mg/kg,gemcitabine was 8.91 mg/kg.The difference was 28.8 times.Conclusion PLGA-gemcitabine microsphere can markedly reduce the acute toxicity of gemcitabine.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid(TA)and norethisterone(NET)for the treatment of patients with ovulatory menorrhagia in China. Methods Onehundred and thirty one patients with proven ovulatory menorrhagia from gynecologic clinics of 5 teaching hospitals located in 4 different cities in China were enrolled during Jul 2004 to Dec 2006.Ameng them 128 completed the study.Patients were randomly divided into two therapeutic regimen groups:TA 1g thrice daily during menstrual cycle days(D)1-5,69 cases;or NET 5 mg twice daily on D19-26.59 cases.The drugs were administered for 2 consecutive cycles,then withdrawn and patients were followed-up for 1 more cycle.Data on menstrual blood loss [ estimated by pictorial blood assessment chart(PBAC)],length of menstrual periods,quality of life(QOL)evaluated by a 6 item health-related questionnaire were collectedbefore,during each cycle and were compared.Results Both treatments led to significant decreases of mean PBAC scores and shorter duration of menstrual periods,and improved the QOL ranking during the twotreatment cycles.The mean percentages of PBAC decrements in the TA first and second cycles were significantly greater than those in the NET corresponding cycles(35%VS 17%,P=0.004;4J4%VS 34%,P=0.04 respectively).The success rate of TA second cycle was higher than that of the NET second cycle (41%VS 24%,P=0.04).Improvement of QOL ranking in the TA first cycle was also significantly better than those in the NET first cycle ( P=0.03).The percentage of patients with at least 1 adverse event in TA group(19%)was significantly lower than that in NET group(35%,P=0.04).Patients'willingness tocontinue the treatment in the TA second and follow-up cycles(94%,79%respectively)were significantly higher than those in the corresponding cycles of NET groups(79%,59%respectively;P=0.01,P=0.02).Conclusion The regimen of TA 3 g daily during menstrual days 1-5 is a more effective and tolerable treatment than luteal phase norethisterone for patients with ovulatory menorrhagia.

Objective To analyse the relationships between islet β-cell function and infection,inflammation and major organ function in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage.Methods A total of 187 cases of MODS patients hospitalized in the 94th Hospital of PLA from January 2013 to January 2016 were selected,and were divided into the MODS survival group (MODS-S group,104 cases) and MODS dead group (MODS-D group).Other 100 healthy subjects were selected as the control group.The fasting blood glucose (GLU0) and insulin (INS0) levels,blood glucose (GLU30) and insulin (INS30) levels after 30 min of glucose loading,and levels of soluble triggering receptor expressedon myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a),interleukin-6 (IL-6),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),creatinine (Cre) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) in different groups were determined.The insulin-β-cell function was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) index and ratio of insulin increment and blood glucose increment after 30 min of glucose loading (ΔINS30/ΔGLU30),and their relationships to other indexes,including sTREM-1,TNF-α,IL-6,GLU0,ALT,Cre and CK-MB,in MODS patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage were analysed.Results The HOMA-β and AINS30/AGLU30 ratio in the MODS-D group were lower than those in the MODS-S group,and levels of sTREM-1,TNF-α,IL-6,ALT,Cre and CK-MB in the MODS-D group were higher than those in the MODS-S group,there were statistically significant differences (P＜0.01).In MODS patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage,HOMA-β and ΔINS30/AGLU30 was both negatively correlated with sTREM-1,TNF-α,IL-6,GLU0,ALT,CreandCK-MB (r=-0.356 4,-0.532 1,-0.345 8,-0.772 1,-0.762 5,-0.684 8,-0.606 4;r=-0.428 5,-0.567 8,-0.487 0,-0.743 6,-0.781 7,-0.717 6,-0.640 1,P＜0.01).Conclusion MODS patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage have islet β-cell dysfunction which may be used as a prognostic and diagnostic indicator.

To study the clinical correlation between fasting plasma glucose, lipid metabolism, prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and to explore the combined effect as diagnostic indicators. A total of 108 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital from June 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed as the hyperplasia group, and 98 healthy physical examination personnel were selected as the control group during the same period. Compare the differences in levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C), homocysteine, lipoprotein a (LPa), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) between two groups of patients. Using Pearson analysis method to analyze the correlation between the above indicators and the size of prostate volume in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia; using multiple linear regression to analyze the influencing factors of prostate volume enlargement; draw receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and analyze the application value of individual and combined detection of HDL, FPG, PSA, and fPSA. The results showed that there were significant differences in HDL, FPG, PSA, and fPSA levels between the control group and the proliferative group( P<0.05). The size of prostate volume is negatively correlated with HDL( r=-0.183, P<0.05) and positively correlated with FPG ( r=0.202, P<0.05), PSA( r=0.412, P<0.05), and fPSA( r=0.425, P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that HDL( P=0.000), FPG( P=0.048), PSA( P=0.044), and fPSA ( P=0.012) were risk factors for increased volume of benign prostatic hyperplasia; ROC curve analysis shows that the AUC of HDL, FPG, PSA, and fPSA combined detection is 0.823, which is better than individual detection. In conclusion,HDL, FPG, PSA, fPSA has close correlation with hyperplasia of prostate, the joint detection may has better prediction for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

To study the clinical correlation between fasting plasma glucose, lipid metabolism, prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and to explore the combined effect as diagnostic indicators. A total of 108 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital from June 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed as the hyperplasia group, and 98 healthy physical examination personnel were selected as the control group during the same period. Compare the differences in levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C), homocysteine, lipoprotein a (LPa), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) between two groups of patients. Using Pearson analysis method to analyze the correlation between the above indicators and the size of prostate volume in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia; using multiple linear regression to analyze the influencing factors of prostate volume enlargement; draw receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and analyze the application value of individual and combined detection of HDL, FPG, PSA, and fPSA. The results showed that there were significant differences in HDL, FPG, PSA, and fPSA levels between the control group and the proliferative group( P<0.05). The size of prostate volume is negatively correlated with HDL( r=-0.183, P<0.05) and positively correlated with FPG ( r=0.202, P<0.05), PSA( r=0.412, P<0.05), and fPSA( r=0.425, P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that HDL( P=0.000), FPG( P=0.048), PSA( P=0.044), and fPSA ( P=0.012) were risk factors for increased volume of benign prostatic hyperplasia; ROC curve analysis shows that the AUC of HDL, FPG, PSA, and fPSA combined detection is 0.823, which is better than individual detection. In conclusion,HDL, FPG, PSA, fPSA has close correlation with hyperplasia of prostate, the joint detection may has better prediction for benign prostatic hyperplasia.