Objective To investigate the correlation between job stressors, resilience and turnover intention among nurses in Beijing. Methods A total of 419 nurses from top three hospitals in Beijing were investigated with the Job Pressure Scale, Resilience Scale and Turnover Intention Questionnaire from April to May 2015. Results The major job stressors in clinical nurses were as follows: problems of the nursing profession and work, time allocation and workload, patient care, working conditions and environment, management and interpersonal relationship. The total score of job stressors was 2.15 ± 0.38. Job stressors of nurses was negatively correlated with resilience (r =-0.222, P < 0.01), positively correlated with turnover intention (r=0.221, P<0.01). Conclusions Resilience plays an important role in releasing pressure of nurses. Enhancement of resilience in nurses is an important way to relieve job stress of nurses as it can reduce the turnover intention.

Objecfive To investigate the change of V-ATPase B subunits on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E) stimulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Methods NRK52E cells were stimulated by TGF-β1 (10 μg/L)for O h(control),12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h after sefrum-free culture for 24 h.The mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin,α-SMA,B2 and B1 subunits of V-ATPase were detected by real-time PCR,Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results After stimulated by TGF-β1 (10 μg/L)for 48 h,the expression of α-SMA was markedly increased(P<0.05),but the expression of E-cadherin was dramatically decreased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the expressions of V-ATPase subunit B2 was significantly increased (P<0.05).However,the B1 subunit distributed rarely in NRK 52E cells,and did not increase after TGF-β1 stimulation.Double-label immunofluoerscence staining also showed that the V-ATPase B2 subunit was increased in the cytosol.tending to accumulate to the cell membrane after TGF-β1 stimulation. Conclusions The main isoform of V-ATPase distributed in NRK52E cells is B2 subunit.B2 subunit is increased alone with TGF-β1-induced EMT.It may suggest that V-ATPase B2 subunit may play a potential role in TGF-β1-induced tubular EMT and renal fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) on the complications and outcomes after renal transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 402 renal transplant recipients maintained on dialysis for more than 3 months were retrospectively studied and divided into 2 groups: HD group(n=303)and PD group(n=99). Among them, 345 recipients were followed up for an average of (30.2±15.2) months. The impact of HD and PD on the acute rejection, delayed graft function (DGF), infection, chronic rejection and the graft and patient survival rates were analyzed. Results The mean dialysis duration was significantly longer in PD group and the hepatitis B infection rate was significantly higher in HD group. There were no signiticant differences between the HD and PD groups in regarding to primary disease for end-stage renal disease, age, gender, blood pressure, hemoglobin, HLA match, hot and cold ischemia time, and hepatitis C vires infection. The incidence of DGF, acute and chronic rejection, and cytomegalovirus and other infections between HD and PD groups were not significantly different. However, the graft loss happened more frequently in hepatatis B patients than that in non hepatitis B patients (19.23% vs 8.86%, P=0.021), and the post-transplant infection ocurred less in non hepatits B patients with PD. The acute rejection episodes were higher in HD patients who received pretransplant dialysis for more than 12 months (P<0.05). The overall recipients survival rates of HD and PD groups were similar (1-year: HD 94.34%, PD 91.25%;5-year: HD 92.83%, PD 90%), and the same as the graft survival rates in HD and PD groups (1-year: HD 93.21%, PD 96.25%;5-year: HD 87.17%, PD 91.25%). Conclusions The influences of PD and HD on the complications after renal transplantaton, 1-year and S-year recipients and graft survival rates are similar, so both HD and PD can be chosen as the pretransplant dialysis modality. As the incidence of acute rejection increases with time in HD, it is better to shorten the time of pretransplant dialysis to decrease the complication.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of aralia total saponins on renal injury induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in type 2 diabetic mice, meanwhile to explore its protective mechanism. Methods Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group and the aralia total saponins low, middle and high does groups. All the rats were given high fat diet 8 weeks and then received STZ 45 mg/kg to built type 2 diabetic mice model, except the noraml group. After the models establishment,the aralia total saponins low, middle and high does groups were given the aralia total saponins 30, 60, 120 mg/kg treatment, andthe normal group and the model group were given the equal normal saline, once each day. After 4th and 8th week administration, the urinary protein levels of 24 h in each group were detected. After the last treatment, all the mice were sacrificed to detected the changes of blood glucose, insulin and inflammatory related factors. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were used to observe the expression of TLR2 and TLR2 in the kidney tissue. Results Compared with the model group, the low, middle and high does groups in 24-hour proteinuria, blood glucose, insulin resistance index decreased (P<0.05), the insulin increased(P<0.05). The serum TNF-α (16.66 ± 0.20 ng/L, 14.49 ± 0.27 ng/L, 13.52 ± 0.22 ng/L vs.20.33 ± 0.56 ng/L),IL-1β(0.46 ± 0.04 ng/L,0.44 ± 0.04 ng/L,0.37 ± 0.04 ng/L vs.0.55 ± 0.05 ng/L),NF-κB (28.71 ± 6.14 ng/L, 26.26 ± 5.48 ng/L, 25.69 ± 5.61 ng/L vs. 36.55 ± 8.90 ng/L) significantly decreased (P<0.05).The kidney TLR2 mRNA(1.92 ± 0.18,1.46 ± 0.23,1.28 ± 0.21 vs.2.69 ± 0.22),TLR4 mRNA(2.20 ± 0.19,2.08 ± 0.27,1.57 ± 0.22 vs.2.78 ± 0.23),TLR2 porteins(0.82 ± 0.11,0.52 ± 0.06,0.44 ± 0.07 vs.0.77 ± 0.13),TLR4 proteins(0.52 ± 0.04,0.42 ± 0.09,0.26 ± 0.06 vs.0.86 ± 0.12)significantly decreased(P<0.05). Conclusions The aralia total saponins can significantly reduce the blood glucose, insulin resistance index and 24-hour urinary protein in type 2 diabetic nephropathy of mice, increase the insulin, and analyzing its mechanism may be total saponins can inhibit the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 protein in the kidney, and further reduce the inflammatory response.

Objective To observe the effect of aralia saponins on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the kidney of diabetic nephropathy mice.Methods After 10 days of adaptive feeding,90 clean Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal group (n =10) and 5 model groups (model group,positive drug benazepril intervention group,aralia saponins low,middle and high doses treatment groups).Excepted the normal group,the kidney damage model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice was induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet for one month plus disposable streptozotocin (STZ).The model was successfully constructed and killed after 6 weeks of treatment.A total of 25 mice failed to establish the model.And totally 55 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 11 mice in each group.The serum changes of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (SCr),insulin,inflammatory factors interleukin-1α (IL-1α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in each group were detected.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and MMP-9 protein in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the levels of blood glucose,insulin,BUN,SCr,IL-1α,IL-6 and TNF-α in the model group were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The above indexes were decreased in positive drug group and aralia saponins treatment groups.The contents of insulin,BUN and SCr in the high dose of aralia saponins group were significantly lower than those parameters in benazepril group (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the contents of blood glucose,IL-1α,IL-6 and TNF-α in the three dose aralia saponins groups were significantly lower than those parameters in the benazepril group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the normal group,the expression level of VEGF protein in the model group was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05),and the expression level of MMP-9 protein was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,both benazepril and aralia saponins can reduce VEGF (P ＜ 0.05),increase MMP-9 (P ＜ 0.05).In addition for VEGF and MMP-9,the high dose of aralia saponins group and benazepril group was basically same.Conclusions Aralia saponins can significantly reduce blood glucose,insulin and serum inflammatory factors,while downregnlate VEGF and increase MMP-9 protein levels,thereby protecting the kidneys of diabetic nephropathy mice.

Objective: To analyze the level of sex-related knowledge and behavior and related factors among children in senior grade of kindergarten in rural areas, and to provide the evidence for early childhood sexuality education. Methods: Multi-state stratified sampling method was adopted. From March to May 2019,a total of 324 students and their parents from 16 kindergartens of rural areas in Sichuan Province were enrolled, self-developed questionnaire was used to collect the basic demographic characteristics, information of sexuality education knowledge and sex-related behavior. Results: The average score of sexuality education knowledge was 5(4,6) point, and the awareness rate was 33.6%(109). The qualified sex-related behavior was observed in 75.0%(243 of all the children), while 25.0%(81) needed to be improved. Multivariate analysis showed that,compared with children were aware of the sexuality education knowledge, children who were unaware of the sexuality education knowledge were more likely to have good sex-related behavior, with the OR(95%CI) value was 2.06(1.14-3.72). The possibility of having good sex-related behavior among those children with more than 2 members in the family parents carring out sexuality education was higher than children without sexuality education in the family, with the OR(95%CI) value being 2.40(1.17-4.89). Conclusion The level of sexuality education knowledge among children in senior grade of kindergarten of rural areas in Sichuan is low, and most children s behavior needs to be improved. Children s awareness of sexuality education knowledge and the number of family members who have carried out sexuality education are related to the occurrence of children s sex-related behavior.

Objective: To understand the demand of rural parents for children’s sexual education knowledge and associated factors, to provide reference and advise for the development of the children’s sexual education in the rural areas. Methods: In this study,1 015 parents from 16 rural kindergartens in Luzhou City and Mianyang City were selected as the research objects by multiple-stage stratified sampling from March to May, 2019. The self-interview or face-to-face questionnaire survey was used to investigate the demand for children’s sexual education among parents. Results: Totally 81.7%(829) of parents expressed their demand for children’s sexual education knowledge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age was negatively associated with demand for sexual education of children(OR=0.73,95%CI=0.61-0.88). Junior middle school education background of mothers(OR=2.45,95%CI=1.36-4.41), received sexual education for children(OR=2.85，95%CI=1.84-4.42), reckon sexual education for children as necessary(OR=4.97，95%CI=3.16-7.83)and regarded it as parents’ own responsibility(OR=2.11，95%CI=1.30-3.43) had a high demand for children’s sexual education knowledge(P<0.05). Conclusion Parents in Sichuan rural areas generally have a high demand for children’s sexual education. We should intensify publicity and training about sexual education knowledge among parents in rural areas and attach importance to the cooperation between family and kindergarten in order to jointly promote the development of children’s sexual education.