Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in children.Methods A retrospective review was performed and a total of 69 cases of children epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis were collected and classified into ordinary and fulminant epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis from 1999 to 2011.Disease prevalent season,age,clinical characteristics,laboratory examination,treatment,prognosis and risk factors were analyzed.Results The mean age(33 male and 36 female) was (6.85 ±5.12)years old,ranging from 56 days to 15 years old.A total of 60 cases began on January to May; 6 cases began on June to October; 3 cases began on November to December.All of the 42 cases of ordinary epidemic meningitis were recovered; 7 cases of fulminant epidemic meningitis(n =27) were dead.All of the patients had fever; 64 cases(92.75％) had Petechiae petechial skin; 36 cases(52.17％) had headache; 49 cases(71.01％) vomited; 65 cases(94.2％) had positive neck resistance; 15 cases(21.74％) had convulsion; 35 cases(50.72％) had drowsiness or coma; 32 cases (46.38％) had positive pathological signs and 24 cases (34.78％) had low blood pressure or shock.Blood tests revealed that 63.77％ of the patients leukocytes raised and 8.70％ of the patients reduced; 42.03％ of the patients platelet reduced; 55.07％ of the patients had electrolyte disturbance and 89.86％ of the patients had coagulation disorders,among which 46.38％ fibrinogen reduced.The rash printed piece and cerebrospinal fluid smear tests found that Gram-negative bacteria positive rate were 12.5％ and 19.35％ respectively; the positive rate in bacterial culture of cerebrospinal fluid and blood culture were 12.90％ and 7.25％ respectively.Drug sensitive test showed that penicillin and ceftriaxone were sensitive to bacteria.The differences of age,leukocyte and platelet counts,fibrinogen and altered mental status between ordinary and fluminant epidemic meningitis were significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The prevalent season is from January to May and the prevalent age is less than 5 years for children with epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.Ceftriaxone or penicillin should be the preferred choice;age,lower leukocyte and platelet counts,lower fibrinogen and altered mental status should be used to predict the severity of the disease.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of patients with complete left bundle branch block(CLBBB)following transcatheter device closure of ventricular septal defect(VSD)closure. Methods Clinical feathers of 11 patients with postoperative CLBBB in Department of Pediatric Cardiology,Guangdong General Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 were collected and reviewed retrospectively. They were treated with dif-ferent protocol based on the appeared time of CLBBB occurrence and clinical symptoms. The patients were followed up, and the prognosis was recorded. Results The median age of 11 patients was 3. 9 years(3. 4 to 17. 5 years old). The median interval of intervention therapy to first attack of CLBBB was 2. 8 months(1 day to 25. 4 months). CLBBB oc-curred within 1 week to 1 month postoperatively in 4 patients,another 1 case suffered from CLBBB between 1 week to 1 month postoperatively,meanwhile 6 cases underwent CLBBB after 6 months postoperatively. The longest term of CLBBB attack postoperatively was 25. 4 months in 1 patient. The electrocardiograms on 5 patients returned to normal by only drug treatment. However,3 patients failed to recover with drug therapy,2 of them undertaken surgical procedure to re-move the occluder associated with VSD repair,1 patient recovered to normal and another converted to incomplete right bundle branch block. One of them refused to undertake surgical procedure and still bothered with persistent CLBBB. Another 3 cases did not receive special treatment due to the later attack of CLBBB(≥6 months)without clinical symp-toms. By the end of observation,the electrocardiogram(ECG)in 4 patients returned to normal,4 patients presented with persistent CLBBB. One patient's ECGs were presented with right bundle branch block. After ECG successfully returning to normal ECG by drug therapy,2 patients relapsed during follow - up,and 1 of them developed to an enlarging left ven-tricle and heart failure which led to death. Conclusions CLBBB may occur in short or long - term after VSD closure. ECG may become normal after early and appropriate treatment postoperatively. Systolic dyssynchrony and cardiac dys-function may be caused by persistent CLBBB. Therefore,patients with CLBBB after VSD closure should be treated ap-propriately without delay,and more frequent and longer follow - ups are required.

Objective To study the physiological indicators and arterial blood gas values,and create a reliable data for researchers using beagle dogs.Methods Beagle were sampled before and after Zoletil anesthesia (10 mg/kg) via intramuscular injection.Then aterial blood gas was detected by blood gas analyzer.Then the physiological indicators,including heart rate,blood pressure and body temperature were measured via large animal ECG.Results For blood gas values,the pH value decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).pCO2 increased significantly and pO2 decreased significantly,the differences were significantly (P ＜ 0.05).In contrast,levels of Lac and HCO3-remained unaltered,indicating a typical respiratory acidosis.For physiological indicators,blood pressure increased slightly,but not significant.The heart rate increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01) and body temperature decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).There was no difference between sexes.Conclusion Zoletil anesthesia causes respiratory arrest and respiratory congestion,which further induced respiratory acidosis.Meanwhile,anesthesia also results in elevated heart rhythm and lower body temperature.These data indicate that warming and airway clear are necessary during anesthesia in Beagles.Moreover,it should be considered about the effects of anaesthetics when comparing differents in animals before and after treatment.

Objective To establish a rapid method for the isolation of murine peritoneal macrophages. Methods Abdominal lavage was performed with NS and the peritoneal macrophages was purified from the lavage,which was later transferred into high glucose DMEM cul-ture medium. Cell viability was measured via the typan blue staining. Purity was observed via Wright's stain. Results High purity macropha-ges with typical morphology were obtained. Conclusion A simple and realistic method was set up for the isolation of murine peritoneal mac-rophages.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of activation and expression of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN).MethodsFifty-four patients with HBV-GN were recruited into the investigational group,and 25 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and 6 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were included as negative control group and positive control group,respectively.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect AIM2,Caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β expressions in both kidney tissues from the investigational group and negative control group and liver tissues from positive control group.The differences between groups were compared by chi-square test,and the correlation analysis was conducted by Spearman correlation test.ResultsThe positive expression rates of AIM2 in 54 patients of HBV-GN group and 25 of CGN group were 81.4 ％ and 4.0％,respectively (x2 =38.746,P＜ 0.01).AIM2 was found to be expressed in all 6 CHB patients.In HBV-GN group,the expression of AIM2 was positively correlated with Caspase-1 (rs =0.444,P＜0.01),and the expression of IL-1β was also positively correlated with Caspase-1 (rs =0.515,P＜0.01 ).In HBV-GN group,the expression of AIM2 in patients with HBV DNA≥1 ×105 copy/mL was significantly higher than that in those with HBV DNA＜1 × 105 copy/mL (x2 =6.097,P＜0.05).ConclusionThe activation of AIM2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of HBV-GN through Caspase-1 activation and inflammatory factor IL-1β release.

BACKGROUND: Jaw defects are common clinically. It is desirable to find ideal seed cells combined with scaffolds to construct tissue engineered jaws for curing these diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the growth characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene after seeded on coral scaffold in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An experimental study of bone tissue engineering was performed in the Research Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University between March 2006 and June 2008. MATERIALS: Natural coral from China Hainan bench was made into pieces of 8 mm×8 mm×2 mm. METHODS: BMSCs were isolated from New England rabbits by density gradient centrifugation and then purified by adherent separation. bFGF-pcDNA3 gene was transfected into BMSCs using Lipofectamine TM 2000. bFGF gene-transfected (transfected group) or untransfected (untransfected group)BMSCs were seeded on different coral scaffolds. In addition, bFGF gene-transfected BMSCs were simply cultured but not on the coral scaffold for control (simple culture group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: BMSC proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and BMSC growth on coral scaffold was observed under the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: MTT assay showed that the BMSC proliferation rate was significantly higher in the transfected group than in the untransfected group (P < 0.05) and that there was no significant difference in BMSC proliferation between the transfected and simple culture groups (P > 0.05). Scanning electron microscope results displayed that BMSCs adhered to and spread over the coral scaffold, exhibiting various appearances, with some cells had grown into scaffold micropores or spanned micropore surface, and some extracellular matrix secreted by BMSCs were found. CONCLUSION: The transfected group exhibited better growth of BMSCs transfected by bFGF gene than the untransfected group. These findings indicate that coral skeleton does not influence BMSC proliferation and can be used as a scaffold of BMSCs to construct tissue-engineered bone.

Objective: To identify the related psychosocial risk factors of emotional disorders in children. Methods:To use case-control approach in which. Diagnosis was made by clinical interview according to ICD-10 criteria. Eighty eight cases and controls separately filled out general condition inventory. The results were put into Logistic regression model for analysis. Results: The children with timid personality, without kindergarten education, or with parents who were administrative or technical personnel, were apt to have emotional disorders. The children who were usually counseled by their mothers had less emotional disorders than those were beaten. Conclusion: The emotional disorders were the results of multiple factors. Prevention of children's emotional disorders should be focused on the children's personality and family education.

Objective To investigate the association of leiomyoma with death receptors(DR) and the mechanisms underlying the development of leiomyoma.Methods The semi-quantitative RT-PCR was employed to examine the mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated death receptors in the Leiomyoma tissue samples collected from 20 clinical cases.Results It was found that the mRNA expression of DR4 in leiomyoma tissue was dramatically decreased as compared to that of normal tissue controls (P<0.001),but no difference was found between leiomyoma and normal tissue controls in terms of DcR1,DcR2,DR5,TNFR1A,TNFR1B and Fas mRNA expressions (P>0.05).Conclusion It is highly possible that DR4 expression might be involved in the development of leiomyoma.More efforts will be required to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying the development of leiomyoma.

Objective To discuss adhesion blocking experiment of vascular endotelial cells with platelets.Methods The expression,regulation and adhesion of CD226 on vascular endothelial cells incubated by sera from 10 PIH patients and 10 normal pregnant women repectively was detected by flow cytometry,then incubated with interacted platelets by PTA1/Ig protein.Results The positive rate of CD226 in PIH group was significantly higher than that in normal pregnant woman group(P

AIM To investigate the effects of Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets (Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Angelicae sinensis Radix and Scutellariae Radix) on the learning and memory function in SAMP8 mice,and improvements in cognitive function.METHODS Morris water maze was used to evaluate the change of cognitive function in SAMP8 mice after they were treated with Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets for 60 d,and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),the concentration of protein carbonyls (PC),the ratio of NAD +/NADH in brain tissue were detected by ELISA,the expression of Nampt,SIRT1 and FOXO3 in hippocampus were measured with immunohistochemical methods.RESULTS Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets shortened escape latency and obviously increased percentage of time in target quadrant in hidden platform test and increased the times entering the target quadrant in spatial probe test in SAMP8 mice.It evidently enhanced the activity of SOD,the ratio of NAD +/NADH and distinctly decreased the protein carbonyls level.Moreover,Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets could markedly up-regulate the expression of Nampt and SIRT1,but evidently down-regulate FOXO3 protein expression.CONCLUSION The experimental data show that Tongluo Xingnao Effervescent Tablets can enhance the cognitive function of SAMP8 through regulating Nampt/SIRT1/FOXO3 signal pathway.