Objective To evaluate the effect of morphine preconditioning on the expression of miR-133b-Sp and Fas in rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R).Methods Cardiomyocytes were isolated from healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by using Langendorff perfusion.The cells were seeded into 24-well plates or 60 mm diameter dishes and randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),group H/R,and morphine preconditioning group (group MPC).The cells in group C were cultured in normal culture atmosphere.In H/R and MPC groups,the cells were exposed to 95％ N2-5％ CO2 for 90 min followed by 120 min reoxygenation.In group MPC,the cells were cultured for 10 min in serum-free DMEM liquid culture medium containing morphine 1 μmol/L,and then were cultured for 30 min in morphine-free DMEM liquid culture medium before hypoxia.At 120 min of reoxygenation,the cells in 24-well plates were selected to detect the cell viability (by MTT),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium,and cell apoptosis (by Hoechst 33234 staining).Apoptosis rate was calculated.Total RNA and protein were extracted from the cells in 60 mm dishes to detect the expression of miR-133b-5p and Fas mRNA (by quantitative real-time PCR) and Fas protein (by Western blot).Results Compared with C group,the cell viability was significantly decreased,LDH activity and apoptosis rate were increased,the expression of miR-133b-Sp was down-regulated,and the expression of Fas mRNA and protein was up-regulated in H/R group.Compared with H/R group,the cell viability was significantly increased,LDH activity and apoptosis rate were decreased,the expression of miR-133b-5p was up-regulatcd,and the expression of Fas mRNA and protein was down-regulated in MPC group.Conclusion The mechanism by which morphine preconditioning reduces H/R injury to rat cardiomyocytesis related to up-regulation of the expression of miR-133b-Sp and down-regulation of the expression of Fas.

Aim To screen the differentially expressed microRNAs ( miRNAs ) induced by hypoxia precondi-tioning ( HPC ) in adult rat cardiomyocytes, and pre-dict miRNAs-regulated target genes and their func-tions. Methods Cardiomyocytes were isolated from a-dult rat ventricular myocardium and cultured ( in vitro) . The cells were divided into 2 groups: control group ( CON ) and hypoxia preconditioning group ( HPC) . The cardiomyocytes in HPC group were sub-jected to 10 min hypoxia followed by 30 min reoxygen-ation, while the cells in CON group were cultured un-der normal condition. After that, total RNA was ex-tracted and then subjected to miRNA microarray to screen differentially expressed miRNAs. The microar-ray results were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR ( qRT-PCR ) . Bioinformatics analysis was per-formed to predict the miRNAs-regulated target genes and analyze the enriched gene ontology ( GO) and sig-naling pathway ( Pathway) . Results HPC caused sig-nificant changes in miRNAs expression in cardiomyo-cytes as compared to CON group. A total of 12 miR-NAs were up-regulated and 14 miRNAs were down-reg-ulated ( P <0. 01 , FDR <0 . 05 ) . The differentially expressed 7 miRNAs with a fluorescent signal intensity>500 were selected for further bioinformatics analysis. The expression of miR-133b-5p, miR-664-1-5p and miR-6216 detected by qRT-PCR exhibited the similar patterns of up or down regulation to those shown in mi-croarray results. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miRNAs-regulated target genes were significantly en-riched in 27 GOs and 6 signal pathways. Conclusion
The expression profile of miRNAs in rat cardiomyo-cytes is significantly affected by HPC. These differenti-ally expressed miRNAs might participate in HPC-in-duced cardioprotection by regulating their target genes in rat cardiomyocytes.

Objective To study the capacity of dentifrice containing hydroxyapatite (HA) particles with various grain sizes on the sorption of Cu (Ⅱ) ion from aqueous solution. Methods Three groups of dentifrice suspensions containing 3% HA particles with 60 nm grain size, 3% HA particles with 12 μm grain size, and blank dentifrice were prepared with serial concentrations. Copper ion solutions with initial concentration of 4.0 mg/L were mixed with dentifrice suspensions respectively and then been kept still for 24 hours. The residual copper ion concentration of the supernatant was measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer and the sorption rate of copper ion was calculated. Results The residual copper ion concentration of the supernatant decreased with increase of the concentration of dentifrice suspensions. The sorption rate of copper ion of dentifrice containing 60 nm HA was highest among the three groups. Conclusion Nano HA should be added into dentifrice to enhance the sorption capacity of copper ion from aqueous solution.

Objective To analyze the acupoint compatibility law and the application characteristics of acupuncture moxibustion treatment for depression based on complex network technology;To provide a basis and ideas for formulating prescriptions of acupuncture antidepressant therapy.Methods Related clinical literature about acupuncture for the treatment of depression was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science from the establishment of the databases to 21st,Sep.2022.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literature was screened,and the clinical literature database of acupuncture in anti-depression was established.Excel 2010 was used for frequency analysis of acupoints.SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used for association rule analysis,and Gephi 0.9.5 was used for complex network analysis.Results Totally 579 articles were included,involving 172 acupoints,with a total frequency of 3 222.The results of descriptive analysis showed that the main meridians of acupoints were Governor Vessel,bladder meridian and liver meridian,and the specific acupoints such as Yuan-primary point,Shu-stream point,Back-shu point,Luo-connecting point,Eight confluence points,Front-mu point,He-sea point were frequently used.Association rules analysis showed that the combination of the highest correlation acupoints were"Yintang(GV29)-Baihui(GV20)".Through the complex network k-core analytic hierarchy process and community analysis,two core acupoint groups were finally obtained.The acupuncture angle,depth and direction were based on safety and meridian circulation direction,the tonifying and reducing method was based on syndrome differentiation,and the prescription was based on syndrome differentiation and symptomatic selection.Conclusion Acupuncture for depression has the following characteristics:the principle of acupoint selection is based on meridian selection and specific acupoints,the selection of core acupoints focuses on the treatment of spirit and the regulation of viscera,channels and functions,and the emphasis on syndrome differentiation and symptomatic acupoint selection in clinical treatment.While,it was important to pay more attention to the specificity of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Objective To compare the bio-medical parameters in SIV infected Chinese rhesus monkeys with diverse disease progression,by which the pathogenesis of simian AIDS were to be investigated.Methods Sixteen Chinese rhesus monkeys were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac239 and followed-up for 18 months.Based on their progression patterns and plasma viral loads,animals were divided into 3 groups,including 1 rapid progressor( RP),13 normal progressors(NP),and 2 elite controllor(EC).Their parameters of haematology,virology,immunology and pathology were examined and compared. Results Compared with other animals,RM449(RP) showed higher viral load,unresponsive humoral immunity,and higher level of auto-antibodies against lymph node,thymus,and spleen.Additionally,its effector memory CD4 count was lower,with the transformation progress being blocked-like from naive/central memory subsets to effector memory subset,as the flow-cytometry assay showed.Notable decrease in its peripheral B cell was also observed,especially to the sub-population of tissue-like memory B cells and activated memory B cells.Pathological examination showed the depletion of lymphoid tissue,atrophy of spleen and loss of thymus.Moreover,most of these parameters of RM450 and RM453 (EC) changed opposite to that of RP.Conclusion The hallmarks of RM449 were higher viraemia and lower SIV specific IgG level,which may due to the disturbance of T cells and B cells development and differentiation.Moreover,destructions of organs of the immune system may contribute to the disturbance.Our study suggest that the change of micro-environments of thymus induced by SIV infection,which is necessary in T cell and B cell development and differentiation,may contribute at least partially to the AIDS pathogenesis.

Objective:To compare the differences in prefrontal activation patterns between major depressive disorder and schizophrenia during the eye basic emotion discrimination task (EBEDT).Methods:Using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology and block design, the changes of prefrontal lobe oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentrations under EBEDT in 40 patients with major depressive disorder, 47 patients with schizophrenia and 55 normal controls were compared. Subsequently, employing years of education as a covariate, an analysis of covariance was performed on the EBEDT behavioral results and the changes in prefrontal Oxy-Hb concentrations in the three groups.The statistical software was SPSS 25.0.Results:(1)The correct number of EBEDT in schizophrenia group (13.93±7.67) was significantly lower than that in major depressive disorder group (19.26±8.07) and normal control group (21.79±6.36)(both P<0.05), and the EBEDT reaction time in schizophrenia group ((3.97±1.77) s) was significantly longer than those in major depressive disorder group ((3.21±1.27) s) and normal control group ((2.63±0.62) s)(both P<0.05).(2)During the EBEDT task block, the normal control group showed increased activation levels in the frontal polar region, Broca's area, anterior motor cortex and supplementary motor area (SMA) compared with the control block( t=2.02-3.18, all P<0.05); and the schizophrenia group showed increased activation levels in the frontal eye field compared with the control block( t=2.26, P=0.03); while the major depressive disorder group exhibited decreased activation levels in the entire prefrontal lobe compared with the control block( t=-3.47--2.34, all P<0.05). (3)During the emotion recognition task of EBEDT, the activation levels of the frontal polar area (ch37), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ch31), Broca's area (ch49, ch51, ch53), and SMA (ch1, ch47, ch52) were significantly different among the major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and normal controls( F=3.23-5.53, all P<0.05). Further pairwise comparisons showed that the activation levels in all the above pathways were lower in the major depressive disorder group than those in the normal control group, and the activation levels in Broca's area (ch53) and SMA area (ch52) were lower in the schizophrenia group than those in the normal control group, while the activation levels in the frontal polar area (ch37) and Broca's area (ch49) were lower in the major depressive disorder group than those in the schizophrenia group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:In EBEDT, the activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex are different between patients with major depressive disorder and patients with schizophrenia. Patients with major depressive disorder have a decrease in prefrontal cortex activation, while patients with schizophrenia have an increase in the frontal eye field activation.The activation levels in prefrontal cortex of both patients group are lower than that of normal controls. Meanwhile, the prefrontal cortex activation level of patients with major depressive disorder is lower than that of patients with schizophrenia.

Objective:To analyze the changes in the number and workload of pediatricians, for evidences in further optimizing the allocation of pediatrician resources and formulating relevant policies in China.Methods:According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics and the " China Health and Health Statistics Yearbook", descriptive analysis was made to investigate the changes in the number and workload of pediatricians in China from 2010 to 2019.Results:During 2010 and 2019, the number of pediatric practitioners(assistants) increased from 115 800 to 158 500, and the growth rate was faster than that of the children aged 0-14 years, but slower than that of overall medical practitioners(assistants). The number of pediatric practitioners(assistants) per thousand children in China had grown steadily from 0.52 to 0.67, compared with the burden and the workload of medical practitioners nationwide, the workload of pediatricians was still relatively heavy.Conclusions:The number of pediatricians had increased gradually between 2010 and 2019, and the effects of various policies began to work, while the workload was still heavy. It is recommended to further develop a salary system and supporting policies in line with the characteristics of pediatrics sector, and focus on such problems as unbalanced and inadequate distribution of pediatricians.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 0. 3％ sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution in mild.to. moderate dry eye patients. Methods A prospective,multicenter,and self.controlled clinical trial was performed on 200 patients who were diagnosed as mild.to.moderate dry eye from January 2015 to June 2017 in Eye Institute of Xiamen University,Eye &ENT Hospital of Fudan University,Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, and Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of Eye Institute of Xiamen University,written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any medical examination. All patients were treated with 0. 3％ sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution 6 times per day ( one drop each time) for 28 days. Corneal fluorescein sodium staining,tear film break.up time (BUT),SchirmerⅠtest (SⅠt),degree of conjunctival hyperemia,eyelid margin,meibomian gland secretion,secretory capacity of meibomian gland and subjective symptoms were assessed at baseline,on the 14th day and 28th day after treatment. Bulbar impression cytology was evaluated at baseline and on the 28th day after treatment. Irritation of 0. 3％ sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution was estimated on the 14th day and 28th day after treatment. Results The total score of subjective symptoms,BUT,SⅠt,degree of conjunctival hyperemia were significantly different among different treatment time points( F=108. 969,27. 598,16. 838,36. 750;all at P<0. 01). Compared with before treatment,the total score of subjective symptoms was significantly decreased, the degree of conjunctival hyperemia and the total corneal fluorescein sodium staining point number were significant decreased on the 14th day and 28th day after treatment. The total score of subjective symptoms,degree of conjunctival hyperemia and total corneal fluorescein sodium staining point number on the 28th day after treatment were significant lower than those on the 14th day after treatment. Compared with before treatment,the BUT was significantly longer and the SⅠt scores were significantly increased on the 14th day and 28th day after treatment. The BUT on the 28th day after treatment was significantly longer than that on the 14th day after treatment;no significant difference in SⅠt was observed between the 28th day and the 14th day after treatment. The scores of palpebral margin change,meibomian gland secretory ability and secretion characteristics were not significantly different among different treatment time points(H=0. 255,2. 356,0. 294;all at P>0. 05). The impression cytology grade on the 28th day after treatment was 1. 08±0. 74,which was significantly lower than 1. 53±0. 76 before treatment (t=5. 979, P<0. 01). The number of goblet cells on the 28th day after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment(U=1806. 500,P<0. 01). On the 14th day after treatment,70％ of the patients indicated that the drug was non.irritating,and no patient had intolerable irritation affecting daily lives. All patients had good tolerance to this drug. Conclusions The use of 0. 3％ sodium hyaluronate eye drops can improve the symptoms and signs of mild to moderate dry eye,which can be widely used for mild.to.moderate dry eye patients in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 0.3％ sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution in mild-to-moderate dry eye patients.Metbods A prospective,multicenter,and self-controlled clinical trial was performed on 200 patients who were diagnosed as mild-to-moderate dry eye from January 2015 to June 2017 in Eye Institute of Xiamen University,Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University,Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Xiangya Hospital Central South University,Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,and Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of Eye Institute of Xiamen University,written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any medical examination.All patients were treated with 0.3％ sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution 6 times per day (one drop each time) for 28 days.Corneal fluorescein sodium staining,tear film break-up time (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t),degree of conjunctival hyperemia,eyelid margin,meibomian gland secretion,secretory capacity of meibomian gland and subjective symptoms were assessed at baseline,on the 14th day and 28th day after treatment.Bulbar impression cytology was evaluated at baseline and on the 28th day after treatment.Irritation of 0.3％ sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution was estimated on the 14th day and 28th day after treatment.Results The total score of subjective symptoms,BUT,S Ⅰ t,degree of conjunctival hyperemia were significantly different among different treatment time points (F =108.969,27.598,16.838,36.750;all at P＜0.01).Compared with before treatment,the total score of subjective symptoms was significantly decreased,the degree of conjunctival hyperemia and the total corneal fluorescein sodium staining point number were significant decreased on the 14th day and 28th day after treatment.The total score of subjective symptoms,degree of conjunctival hyperemia and total corneal fluorescein sodium staining point number on the 28th day after treatment were significant lower than those on the 14th day after treatment.Compared with before treatment,the BUT was significantly longer and the S Ⅰ t scores were significantly increased on the 14th day and 28th day after treatment.The BUT on the 28th day after treatment was significantly longer than that on the 14th day after treatment;no significant difference in S Ⅰ t was observed between the 28th day and the 14th day after treatment.The scores of palpebral margin change,meibomian gland secretory ability and secretion characteristics were not significantly different among different treatment time points(H=0.255,2.356,0.294;all at P＞0.05).The impression cytology grade on the 28th day after treatment was 1.08±0.74,which was significantly lower than 1.53±0.76 before treatment (t =5.979,P＜0.01).The number of goblet cells on the 28th day after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment (U =1 806.500,P＜ 0.01).On the 14th day after treatment,70％ of the patients indicated that the drug was non-irritating,and no patient had intolerable irritation affecting daily lives.All patients had good tolerance to this drug.Conclusions The use of 0.3％ sodium hyaluronate eye drops can improve the symptoms and signs of mild to moderate dry eye,which can be widely used for mild-to-moderate dry eye patients in clinic.