Objective To study the relationship between hearing loss and serum bilirubin of neonates with hypercholesterolemia .Methods The serum bilirubin level and auditory brainstem response thresholds of 70 hyper_cholesterolemia neonates of full term pregnancy and normal weight were tested ,and the correlations of serum biliru_bin ,and occurrence time of jaundice with hearing threshold were analyzed .ResuIts Among the 70 neonates ,there were 17 cases with normal ABR thresholds and 53 with abnormal ABR thresholds ,including 27 with middle and se_rious hearing loss .In the cases of serum bilirubin less than 342μmol/L ,the percentage of cases with middle and se_rious hearing loss and with occurrence time of jaundice less than 48 hours was higher than theses cases with occur_rence time of jaundice more than 48 hours (P<0 .05) .In the cases of serum bilirubin higher than 342μmol/L ,there was no obvious difference between the percentage of cases of middle and serious hearing loss with occurrence time of jaundice less than 48 hours and those with occurrence time of jaundice more than 48 hours .Among the 53 cases with abnormal hearing thresholds ,positive correlation was observed between serum bilirubin and ABR threshold (r=0 .041) ,whereas negative correlation was observed between occurrence time of jaundice and ABR threshold (r=-0 .291) .ConcIusion The higher probability of hearing loss for hypercholesterolemia neonates with earlier occur_rence of jaundice ,the more serious hearing loss with higher serum bilirubin .