Liver injury caused by various reasons can lead to the occurrence of liver fibrosis,which is the pathological process from chronic liver disease to liver cirrhosis.Liver fibrosis is caused by the increased synthesis and reduced degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM).ECM is mainly degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP),and therefore,MMP play an important role in the progression and.diagnosis/treatment of liver fibrosis.This article reviews the research advances in the association between MMP and liver fibrosis.

rabbits were divided randomly into control group ( n =8),pseudo operation group ( n =8) and chitin group ( n =8) with the rabbit iliac artery restenotic models The chitin tubes were localized on the adventitia of restenotic iliac arteries in chitin group but not in pseudo operation group The determinations for the area of neointima,neointima/media area ratio,neointima/media thickness ratio and 3 H TdR incoperation demenstrate that chitin can inhibit intimal proliferation of restenotic iliac artery This findings suggest that local adventitial chitin administration may be effective for the prevention of restenosis

In order to better accommodate heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) in wireless networks, an algorithm called QeS-aware power and admission controls (QAPAC) is proposed. The system is modeled as u non- cooperative game where the users adjust their transmit powers to maximize the utility, thus restraining the interferences. By using adaptive utility functions and tunable pricing parameters according to QoS levels, this algorithm can well meet different QoS reqniremcnts and improve system capacity compared with those that ignore the QoS differ- ences.

The evaluation indexes are selected from the aspects of hospital behavior and user behavior based on the relevant theories on influence and the transmission characteristics of Wechat,with the data so acquired processed with the principal component analysis.In the end,the expression of evaluation was applied to the evaluation and analysis of the influence of the hospital Wechat.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of cavo-meso-atrial shunt for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) with occlusion of both inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins (HVs) lesions. Method 14 cases with BCS due to combined occlusion of IVC and HVs were treated from 1996. 8 cases were male and 6 cases female.The age ranged from 20 to 36 years old. HVs occlusion with complete IVC occlusion was found in 12 cases and stenosis of IVC in 2 cases. Cavo-meso-atrial shunt was performed. Result There was no perioperative death. Thrombosis of graft occurred in two cases, one died of upper digestive tract bleeding and hepatic coma half year post-operation. The mortality rate at follow-up period was 7%, the total patency of graft was 86% and the patency of cavo-atrial graft was 93%. The decrease in portal vein pressure was between 5 to 26 cmH 2O with an average of 15.5 cmH 2O. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion The cavo-meso-atrial graft shunt is an alternative to treat patients with occlusion of both IVC and HVs due to IVC thrombosis. The long term patency remains to be evaluated.

The malignant tumor of bone and soft tissue is conventional rays(X,γrays)resistant. The heavy ion rays 12C+ have following characteristics: high linear energy transfer, Bragg peak, small scattering, high biological effect, lethal damage to tumor cell, and double-strand break to the DNA. Therefore, heavy ion rays Call allow tumor target area obtain high radiation doses while surrounding normal tissues get best protection Recent progress of basic and clinical research on heavy ion treating malignant tumor of bone and soft tissue is discussed.

Objective To review the imaging appearances and clinical symptoms of primary hepatic and gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinomas (PHGNC). Methods Five patients (4 females and 1 male) were examined. Long-term diarrhea not controlled by drug was found in four patients, and two of them accompanied by abdominal pain. The liver rupture occurred in one case due to the huge tumor bleeding. Five patients were examined by using ultrasonography (US), four patients by CT, and three patients by hepatic angiography. The tumor originated from liver in three cases, from liver and gallbladder in one case, and from gallbladder in one case. The tumors were diagnosed by surgery in 3 cases, by biopsy and by autopsy in 1 case, respectively. Results Multiple hyperechoic inhomogeneous masses in two cases and hypoechoic inhomogeneous masses in one case were revealed, all with some small fluid areas and abundant vessels. A huge cyst-solid tumor was clearly demonstrated by using US. A small mural nodule along the gallbladder wall was displayed by using US in a gallbladder tumor, and it showed no specific sign in the diagnosis. CT findings included hypodense inhomogeneous masses on plain CT scan, and slightly enhanced masses with some small fluid areas after injection of contrast agent. A huge cyst-solid tumor was clearly displayed by CT due to the hemorrhage, necrosis, and cystic changes in the tumor. Hepatoangiography displayed abundant vessels and stain in the solid part of the tumor, and absent vessel in the cystic region of the cyst-solid tumor accompanied by dislocation of surrounding vessels. Conclusion Imaging appearances of the liver tumor were inhomogeneous mass with abundant vessels and tumor stains. Imaging appearances of the gallbladder tumor were raised mural nodule along the gallbladder wall without specific sign in the diagnosis of the tumor. The tumor may develop hemorrhage, necrosis, and cystic changes if it is large enough. PHGNC was prone to hepatic metastases. The patients often presented with diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Objective To formulate paclitaxel loaded polymer nanoparticle and evaluate it's application in treatment of bladder.Methods Paclitaxel loaded Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were formulated with microemulsion method,Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) was used as surfactant.Transferrin (Tf) was used to modify the nanoparticles.The size,Z-potential,drug loading,drug release,cytotoxicity of bland nanoparticles and paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles on bladder cancer cell line J-82 were measured.Results The size of nanoparticles was about 200 nm,Z-potential was-24 mV,drug loading was about 6.5％ (w/w),cumulative drug release showed two phase curve.The size of Tf modified nanoparticles was a little bigger than no modified nanoparticles.The Z-potential,drug loading,drug release was similar.Two kinds of blank nanoparticles showed no cytotoxicity on bladder cancer cell line J-82.However,both paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles had significantly higher cytotoxicity on J-82 compared to paclitaxel solution.Conclusions PLGA nanoparticle is a promising drug delivery vehicle,which could significantly improve the anticancer effect of paclitaxel on bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: Hibiscus Mutabilis L. Is a very effective Chinese traditional herb for non-specific inflammation in the clinic adopted by Professor Wei Zhixin, the eminent expert in Traumatology Department in China, lasting for near 60 years. In order to explain its pharmaceutical mechanism, the research of Hibiscus Mutabilis L. Was carried on in the model of ischemic reperfusion injury to explain its mechanism on anti-inflammation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protection of the effective fraction of Hibiscus Mutabilis L. (MFR) on renal ischemic reperfusion injury in rats to probe into the mechanism of MFR on anti-inflammation.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled study on experimental animal.SETTING: A Municipal Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Department.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the Key Experiment Room (Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Department, Shanghai) of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, in which, 55 male Wistar rats were employed.METHODS: The rat model of renal ischemic reperfusion was adopted and MFR was applied for gastric perfusion to determine serum blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine(Scr) and the level of interleukin-1 (IL-1).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes in serum BUN and Scr; ②Effect of MFR on level of serum IL-1.RESULTS: After MFR treatment, the renal function was improved remarkably after ischemic reperfusion in rats. In sham-operation group, serun BUN was (6.72 ± 1.30) mmol/L and serum Scr was (38.40 ± 6.23) μmol/L. In 24hours of reperfusion after one-hour ischemia, BUN was(60. 72±4.64)mmol/L in the control and(47.34 ± 8.32) mmol/L in the MFR treatment group, and the significant difference presented between two groups(t=2.562, P ＜ 0.05) .Serum Scr was(347.95±95) μmol/L and(518.20 ± 41.15) μmol/L in the treatment group and the control respectively, indicating significant difference ( t = 3.69, P ＜ 0.01 ) . Concerning to the effect on IL-1, in 1 hour of reperfusion after 1 hour renal ischemia,IL-1 was( 122.79 ±27.56) ng/L in the MER treatment group,(180. 28 ±33. 15) ng/L in the control group, indicating that IL-1 level in the treatment group was remarkably superior to that in the control group(t = 2.98, P ＜ 0.05). In 3 hours of reperfusion after 1 hour ischemia, level of IL-1 in the treatment group and control group was(15.58±8.59) ng/L and (34. 13±± 10. 02) ng/L respectively, indicating significant difference( t = 3.14, P＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: MFR provides protection on renal ischemic reperfusion injury, which probably is related to its inhibition on IL-1 formation.

Objective The contents of total sugar,polysaccharide,amino acid,betaine,carotenoid,flavone,hundred-seed weight of Lycium barbarum fruits from eight different habitats in first stubble,prosperous time,and autumn were determined and the ratios of total sugar to betaine were analyzed,in order to classify these indexes,and investigate the relationship with the soil fertility factors.MethodsHPLC and UV-spectrophotometry methods were used to determine the contents and the results were analyzed adopting the clustering,correlation,and variance analysis.Results All the indexes were divided into three parts which were total sugar,betaine,and carotenoid.Various indexes were affected in different degrees by the soil fertility factors.Conclusion The contents of total sugar,betaine,carotenoid,and the ratios of total sugar to betaine could be used to assay the quality of L.barbarum fruits reasonably;The accumulation of each ingredient in L.barbarum fruits is affected by the synergistic effects of all the soil fertility factors,not a single role.It would be beneficial to the fertilization and improvement for the quality of L.barbarum.