Pesticide-related dermatitis has a high rate of incidence in rural communities, adversely affecting the health and livelihood of farmers. The important task we should take upon ourselves is to find out how to reduce exposure to agricultural chemicals directly injurious to the health of rural people.Especially, regarding those skin disorders characterized by chemical burns due to severe irritation or allergic contact dermatitis that develops as a result of sensitization reaction to chemicals, the mainstay of prevention is identification of allergens and substances causing skin disturbances and avoidance of exposure to them.
From this standpoint, we made clinical and epidemiological studies in a total of 380 patients who were treated for pesticide-related dermatitis at the Department of Dermatology of Saku Central Hospital, Nagano, during the period of 23 years from 1975 to 1997.
As a result, the following points were made clear as features of dermatitis associated with exposure to agricultural chemicals over the past 10 years:(1) The number of severe cases that require medical treatment has been on the decrease;(2) there has been a tendency to increase in the incidence of chemical burn type dermatitis by irritantagents such as Dazomet, Glyphosate and methyl bromide; and (3) the occurrence of chronic and solar type dermatitis has been declining.

In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have warned that depltion of the Earth's ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons allows extra ultraviolet radiation from space to strike our planet, causing a rise in the incidence of skin cancers and precancerous dermatoses worldwide. This motivated us to perform a series of screening for skin cancers on the inhabitants at age 40 and above of the Saku District, Nagano Prefecture, where the intensity of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation is thought to be relatively high.
The first screening was carried out from 1993 through 1995. The number of subjects totaled 7, 528-2, 658 men and 4, 870 women-which represents 7.4% of the populace. Of the total, 67 people had a histopathological examination. The result revealed that there were four cases of malignancy and 45 cases of precancerous dermatosis. The malignant cases were made up of one case of malignant melanoma and three cases of basal-cell carcinoma, while the precancerous cases were one case of Bowen's disease and 44 cases of solar keratosis.
The follow-up examination was conducted in 1996 on 93 subjects (40.6%) of the 229 examiness who had been found to need to be watched in the first screening. Biopsy was indicated in five subjects. Treatment was suggested to 11 subjects. A visit to the department of dermatology at Sake Central Hospital was recommended to 10 people. Further observation was needed in 24 cases.
The screening project for skin cancers under a long-range plan would raise awareness of the diseases among the people and contribute to the early detection, treatment and prevention of various forms of skin cancer. It could also serve the purpose of protecting the environment from deterioration on n global srnle.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fecal calprotectin (Fcal) as well as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are useful biomarkers for detecting activity and mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, we report the performance of simultaneous measurements of Fcal and FIT for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients using the newly-developed latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay (LATIA) system. METHODS: Fcal and hemoglobin were measured by the LATIA system in 152 UC patients who underwent colonoscopy. Fcal was also quantified with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fecal markers were evaluated in conjunction with the mucosal status of UC, which was assessed via the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) classification. RESULTS: The LATIA system could quantify calprotectin and hemoglobin simultaneously with the same fecal samples within 10 minutes. The values of the Fcal-LATIA closely correlated with those of the Fcal-ELISA (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, r=0.84; P<0.0001). The values of Fcal for each assay and the FIT all significantly correlated with the MESs (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Fcal-LATIA: r=0.58, Fcal-ELISA: r=0.55, and FIT: r=0.72). The mucosal healing predictability (determined by an MES of 0 alone) of the Fcal-LATIA, Fcal-ELISA, and FIT-LATIA with the cutoffs determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 0.79, 0.78, and 0.92 for sensitivity, respectively, and 0.78, 0.69, and 0.73 for specificity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the novel Fcal-LATIA was equivalent to that of the conventional Fcal assay. Simultaneous measurements with FITs would promote the clinical relevance of fecal biomarkers in UC.
Agglutination ; Biomarkers ; Classification ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colonoscopy ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Feces ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Latex ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity