There are some problems in the course of evaluating teaching quality in colleges and universities, such as theunclear aim of evaluation, few teachers taking part in evaluating, and problems existing in participants which affect thequality of evaluation. Some related measures are made here to solve the problems.[

Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of Diclipterachinensis polysaccharide P2B on liver cell line L-02 injury in-duced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4 ) . Methods:The human liver L-02 cells were cultured, and the injury model was built by CCl4 . The L-02 cells were divided into the normal control group, the CCl4-damaged group, and the P2B sample groups (0. 125, 0. 250 and 0. 500 mg· ml-1 ). The contents of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), aspartate aminotransferase ( AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by MTT assay. Results:Compared with the CCl4-damaged group, P2B could improve the activity of L-02 cells, and the activity of AST and ALT in the supernatant was significantly reduced, and the content of SOD in the cells was increased and that of MDA was decreased. Conclusion:P2B can significantly prevent L-02 cells from the damage induced by CCl4 in a dose-dependent manner, and the mechanism may be related with the anti-oxidative activity of P2B.

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of the PREVI Isola automated plate streaker (bioMérieux,SA).Methods 80 respiratory tract specimens,70 sterile fluids,52 stools,69 swabs,12 cerebrospinal fluids and 80 urines were collected in Peking Union Medicd College Hospital.Specimens were processed with manual streaking and PREVI Isola system.PREVI Isola system were evaluated comparing to the manual streaking.The quality of results were analyzed by SPSS 16.0, doing Wilcoxon’s Sign Rank Test for the results of finally isolated species,overall numbers of isolated colonies and semi-quantita-tive of the species were both isolated by the two methods.Results PREVI Isola system was highly automatic,which could select the right plates and stake the bar code on the back of the plate indicating the type of the agar and inoculation time, PREVI Isola system could accurately absorb the liquid specimen and use a novel comb streaking procedure for processing of fluid specimens on standard agar plates,like 17 inoculating loops work together.It also had a good reproducibility.The quali-ty of PREVI Isola system results:As to the finally isolated species,there was significant statistical difference between PREVI Isola system and manual streaking method in respiratory tract and stools specimen,there were more species isolated by manual streaking method than PREVI Isola system.There were no differences between the two methods for the other of specimen types.As to the amount of pure clones of the species were both isolated by the two methods,there were significant statistical differences between the two methods for respiratory tract,sterile fluid and stool specimens.The amount of clones isolated by PREVI Isola system was more than manual streaking method.In semi-quantitative results,there were significant statistical differences between the two methods for respiratory tract and urine specimen,Species had wider distribution of PREVI Isola system than manual streaking method.Inoculation efficiency:if the batch of specimen type was simple (mainly the urine and so on),using the same plates,PREVI Isola system was more efficient than manual streaking method.Howev-er,if the batch of specimen type was complicated,manual method was high-performance.Besides,not all specimen type could be inoculated by PREVI Isola system,such as cerebrospinal fluid,catheter and tissues.Conclusion If the lab had simple specimen type,or utilize the specimen type using the same agar plates to be inoculated together,PREVI Isola system belongs to a good performance automated plate streaker.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of SF-36 in patients with advanced schistosomiasis,so as to proride scientific basis for the selection of suitable tools for health measure.Methods A Chinese version of SF-36 scale was applied to evaluate the health of patients with advanced schistosomiasis by a household survey in Hanshou County of Hunan Province and Jiangling County of Hubei Province,then the reliability and validity of the scale were tested.Results Atotal of 326 patients were investigated in the two counties.The split-half reliability(with a split-half coefficient of 0.95) and the internal consistency (Cronbach'α coefficients of the eight dimensions ranged from 0.86 to 0.88)were satisfying;the convergent and discriminative validity were high with the test successful rates of 97.14%and 87.86%,respectively;the criterion validity was acceptable with a correlation coefficient between the total score of SF-36 and EQ-5D+C VAS score of 0.70.However,the construct validity seemed to be not so reasonable as only 2 dimensions out of 8 were completely in accordance with the theoretical model on factor loading.The percentages of floor effect and ceiling effect in most dimensions were not significant except RP and RE(with the percentages of floor effect of 50.31%and 48.16%,respectively).Conclusions SF-36 is appropriate to be used in patients with advanced schistosomiasis.but some items need to be improved according to the local settings of endemic areas.

The rearrangement reaction of benzyl phenyl ethers (BPE) plays an important role in the organic chemistry and drug synthesis .This paper briefly reviewed the rearrangement reaction and its possible mechanism in various catalytic sys-tems ,such as trifluoroacetic acid ,phosphotungstic acid ,cyclodextrin ,molten tin and aluminium bromide .

Objective:To improve the perception of computed tomography(CT)images in detecting fine fracture through multi-task network of global attention,and to realize the detection of the target of fine fracture at case level through multi-task,and to quickly and accurately identify and locate fracture from a large number of CT images,so as to assist doctors to timely conduct treatment.Methods:A grouped Non-local network method was introduced to calculate the remote dependency relationship between each position of CT image continuous sections and channel.A single-stage detector of multi-objective detection model three dimension(3D)RetinaNet was integrated with the medical image semantic segmentation architecture(3D U-Net).A end-to-end multi-task 3D convolutional network was realized,which realized the detection of case level for fine fracture through multi-task collaboration.Select 600 CT scan images from the Rib Frac Dataset of rib fractures provided by the MICCAI 2020 Challenge,and they were divided into training set(500 cases)and test set(100 cases)as the ratio of 5:1 to test the precise performance of multi-task 3D convolutional network.Results:The precise performance of multi-task 3D convolutional network method was better than that of single-task FracNet,3D RetinaNet and 3D Retina U-Net in detection,which average precision was respectively higher 7.8%and 11.4%than 3D RetinaNet and 3D Retina U-Net.It was better than two kinds of single-task network detection method included 3D Faster R-CNN and 3D Mask R-CNN,and the average precision of that was respectively higher 6.7%and 3.1%than them.Conclusion:The integrated different modules of global attention multi-task network can improve the detection performance of fine fracture.The introduction of grouped Non-local network method can further improve the precise performance for the targets of fine fractures in detection.

Abstract: Cancer immunotherapy, which is an attractive strategy harnessing the host's own immune system to remove tumor cells, has been widely used in clinical practice, yet with low response rate and immune-related adverse events. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, the targets of immunotherapy exhibit high spatial heterogeneity and are distributed in different cell types or secondary organelles, resulting in off-target and on-target toxicity, which greatly reduces the efficacy and safety of treatment. Due to the altered metabolic level, tumor tissues often display a lower pH than normal tissues. In addition, the endocytosis pathway is accompanied by continuous pumping of protons. Therefore, the variation of environmental pH values could serve as an ideal stimulus for precise drug delivery and release. In recent years, pH-responsive materials (e.g., polymers, biomacromolecules, lipid nanoparticles, biofilm, inorganic nanoparticles, and metal-organic frameworks) have been widely investigated in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This paper summarizes recent strategies of pH-responsive drug delivery systems based on different types of carriers, aiming to provide some reference for the design of next generation of tumor-targeting formulations in cancer immunotherapy.

Objective: To analyze and evaluate the comprehensiveness and reliability of the content related to comprehensive sexuality education in 16 subject curriculum standards in the current compulsory education system, and the feasibility and effectiveness of comprehensive sexuality education teaching practice. Methods: Based on the textbook analysis model, a curriculum standard analysis model was established, and the interpretive structure model was used to analyze and evaluate the content related to comprehensive sexual education in the curriculum standards of 16 subjects in the current compulsory education system, including Ethics and Rule of Law, Chinese, History, Mathematics, English, Japanese, Russian, Geography, Science, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Information Technology, Physical Education and Health, Arts, Labor. Results: There were 7 subject curriculum standards including Ethics and Rule of Law, Chinese, English, Science, Biology, Information Technology, Physical Education and Health reflecting 5 core concepts and 12 themes of comprehensive sexuality education, and the most frequent core concept was Violence and Staying Safe and the Human Body and Development,as well as the most frequent theme was "Puberty". History, Mathematics, Japanese, Russian, Geography, Physics, Chemistry, Art and Labor didn t include content related to comprehensive sexuality education. The content related to comprehensive sexuality education in the curriculum standard of compulsory education presented three characteristics:it was closely related to the subject content, partial content was consistent with the teaching goal of the subject, and the content depth increased with the growth of grade. The comprehensiveness and reliability of comprehensive sexual education in the current compulsory education curriculum standards of China needed to be improved. Conclusion The comprehensiveness, reliability, feasibility and effectiveness of teaching practice of comprehensive sexuality education in 16 subject curriculum standards in the current compulsory education stage need to be improved.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the social and economic burden of Downs syndrome for patients and their families residing in Changsha, China. METHODS: An 160-item self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to the primary caregivers of the patients in March 2020. A total of 81 eligible participants had completed the questionnaire, among which 20 were excluded for incomplete data. A patient perspective was taken to estimate the economic burden of the disease. The social impact of the disease on the patient's family was evaluated through questions adapted from the Stanford Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) Scale. RESULTS: The estimated life-course cost of a Downs syndrome patient in Changsha is 4 985 659 RMB, with the patient and caregiver's loss of income taking the greater proportion. In addition, as the majority of the patients' primary caregivers, female caregivers experienced not only considerable financial hardship caused by the care provision, but also a significant amount of psychological pressure and social discrimination. CONCLUSION Increased level of social welfare for the patients and social support for their female caregivers are essential for reducing economic burden and improving their quality of life in the area. In addition, prenatal screening and diagnosis for Downs syndrome are important for reducing both the social and economic burden of the disease by preventing its occurrence.
Caregivers ; China ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Financial Stress ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Social Discrimination ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical application and health economic values of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and second trimester serum screening (STSS). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 54 026 singleton pregnant women undergoing NIPT and STSS from March 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 in Changsha Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital. For pregnant women with high-risk results of NIPT, prenatal diagnosis and follow-up of pregnancy outcomes were conducted. The data was grouped to 4 screening models, and their cost-benefit was analyzed. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of NIPT were all higher than STSS. Screening models 1 to 4 have prevented the birth of 71, 29, 52 and 54 patients with Down syndrome, respectively. The safety index of screening models 1 to 4 were 0.0036, 0.3944, 02215 and 0.1281, respectively. When the price of NIPT was decreased to 600 RMB, the cost-benefit of the screening models 1 to 4 was 0.46, 0.65, 0.44 and 0.40 million RMB, respectively. CONCLUSION NIPT has a better detection performance than STSS. When the price of NIPT is 600 RMB, screening model 1 has the best screening effect and the highest accuracy, safety index and health economical value.
Child ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Down Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods* ; Retrospective Studies