A questionnaire was used to survey the perspective of the 22 mentors,24 students, 27 graduate students and 27 public health units on the competence of MPH student. The result showed that the practice skill,analyzing skill,program plan and practice skill,and emergency reaction abil-ity got more attention. This suggested that to the training of MPH,the training objective should focus on the ability to resolve problems; the curriculum should focus on the characters of public health and on the practice training.

Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of Diclipterachinensis polysaccharide P2B on liver cell line L-02 injury in-duced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4 ) . Methods:The human liver L-02 cells were cultured, and the injury model was built by CCl4 . The L-02 cells were divided into the normal control group, the CCl4-damaged group, and the P2B sample groups (0. 125, 0. 250 and 0. 500 mg· ml-1 ). The contents of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), aspartate aminotransferase ( AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by MTT assay. Results:Compared with the CCl4-damaged group, P2B could improve the activity of L-02 cells, and the activity of AST and ALT in the supernatant was significantly reduced, and the content of SOD in the cells was increased and that of MDA was decreased. Conclusion:P2B can significantly prevent L-02 cells from the damage induced by CCl4 in a dose-dependent manner, and the mechanism may be related with the anti-oxidative activity of P2B.

Objective:To analyze the prenatal clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome manifested by severe fetal growth restriction (FGR).Methods:Clinical data of three pregnant women admitted to Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care from 2018 to 2020 due to severe FGR with or without other malformations diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound were collected. Amniotic fluid samples obtained by ultrasound-guided amniocentesis were analyzed by conventional G-banding staining technique and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array). Parental peripheral blood cells were collected for SNP array to verify the source of variation.Results:(1) The karyotypes of both case 1 and 2 were normal, while case 3 had an abnormal karyotype of 46,XN,der(4)(9pter→9p23::4p15.31→4qter). (2) SNP array indicated a 7.8 Mb microdeletion in 4p16.3p16.1 cytoband in case 1 and a 5.5 Mb microdeletion in 4p16.3p16.2 cytoband in case 2, which were both de novo copy number variations. Case 3 harbored a 19.88 Mb deletion in 4p16.3p15.31 and a 10.89 Mb duplication in 9p24.3p23. (3) All three fetuses were diagnosed as Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, and their parents chose to terminate the pregnancies after genetic counseling. Conclusions:Considering the possibility of genetic disease, invasive prenatal diagnosis is suggested when prenatal ultrasonography showed severe FGR, regardless of other malformations, to clarify the cause and guide genetic counseling.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of SF-36 in patients with advanced schistosomiasis,so as to proride scientific basis for the selection of suitable tools for health measure.Methods A Chinese version of SF-36 scale was applied to evaluate the health of patients with advanced schistosomiasis by a household survey in Hanshou County of Hunan Province and Jiangling County of Hubei Province,then the reliability and validity of the scale were tested.Results Atotal of 326 patients were investigated in the two counties.The split-half reliability(with a split-half coefficient of 0.95) and the internal consistency (Cronbach'α coefficients of the eight dimensions ranged from 0.86 to 0.88)were satisfying;the convergent and discriminative validity were high with the test successful rates of 97.14%and 87.86%,respectively;the criterion validity was acceptable with a correlation coefficient between the total score of SF-36 and EQ-5D+C VAS score of 0.70.However,the construct validity seemed to be not so reasonable as only 2 dimensions out of 8 were completely in accordance with the theoretical model on factor loading.The percentages of floor effect and ceiling effect in most dimensions were not significant except RP and RE(with the percentages of floor effect of 50.31%and 48.16%,respectively).Conclusions SF-36 is appropriate to be used in patients with advanced schistosomiasis.but some items need to be improved according to the local settings of endemic areas.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for the diagnosis of fetuses with high risk signaled by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). METHODS: From June 2017 to August 2019, 628 pregnant women with high risk signaled by NIPT underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis. Amniotic fluid or cord blood samples were subjected to chromosomal karyotyping analysis or CMA. Pregnancy outcome and postnatal conditions of the fetuses were followed up. RESULTS: The positive predictive value for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, sex chromosome aneuploidy, other rare trisomies and copy number variants (CNVs) among the 628 women were 86.4% (127/147), 41.7% (30/72), 12.9% (4/31), 43.7% (101/231), 16.5% (14/85) and 52.2% (35/67), respectively. In 218 samples with normal karyotype, 5.5% (12/218) of additional pathogenic CNVs and 2.3% (5/218) of loss of heterozygosity were detected by CMA. CONCLUSION CMA combined with karyotyping analysis can be used as first-tier test for prenatal diagnosis for women with high-risk signaled by NIPT.
Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Microarray Analysis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Trisomy 13 Syndrome/genetics* ; Trisomy 18 Syndrome

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of improved skin expanding method on patients with arm infusion port.Methods:Clinical data of 100 patients with gynecological malignant tumor receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was retrospectively analyzed, including 50 patients treated by traditional way of expanding skin(transverse and micro intubation sheath inserted into blood vessels) and 50 patients treated by modified skin expanding method, namely making an incision with both depth and length of 0.5 cm which tilting 45° from the thread toward the port. The indexes as planting time, smooth operation, incidence of secondary enlargement, patient satisfaction, port moving time and incidence of postoperative complications were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Result:Modified skin expanding method was superior to traditional skin expanding way in planting time, smooth operation, incidence of secondary enlargement, patient satisfaction, port moving time and incidence of postoperative complications.Conclusions:Compared with the traditional way of expanding skin, modified skin expanding method can adjust catheter malposition caused by connecting with the port and send the catheter back into blood vessel at the incision maintaining the smooth of the catheter. Can make the operation well going increasing the efficiency of implantation of the upper arm infusion port. Can avoid the adverse consequences from the straddle of blood vessel by catheter and port in the tunnel after the catheter indwelling, which greatly enhances the safety of patients during infusion port application period.

Objective To implement a two?level community?based health education pattern of schistosomiasis in residents of endemic areas in marshland and lake regions,so as to explore the suitable pattern of health education under hypo?endemic situa?tion. Methods Two schistosomiasis endemic villages in Jiangling County,Hubei Province were collected as study areas,and among which,one village was treated as an intervention group,where the two?level community?based health education pattern as well as regular control measures was implemented;the other village was a control group,where only regular control measures were implemented. The awareness rates on schistosomiasis control,the rates of correct behavior and the compliance rates of ex?amination,treatment and chemotherapy of the two groups before and after the intervention were compared. Results According to the results of the baseline survey in 2014,the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control of the intervention and control groups were 84.00%and 77.45%,respectively,the correct rates of behavior of the two groups were 72.00%and 63.73%,respectively, and the compliance rates of the treatment were 80.36%and 82.28%,respectively,there were no statistically significant differ? ences between all the above rates of the two groups(all P>0.05). After the intervention of the two?level community?based health education,the correct rates of behavior,and the compliance rates of examination and chemotherapy of the two groups were 92.31%and 80.37%,95.11%and 82.55%,84.13%and 63.64%,respectively,and the differences between all the rates above of the two groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05). When compared to those before intervention,the growing rates of the compliance rates of examination,treatment and chemotherapy of the intervention group were 20.97%,15.33%and 23.29%, respectively,while those of control group were 14.27%,4.17%,-3.77%,respectively,the growing rates of the intervention groups were higher than those of the control groups. Conclusions Through the two?level community?based pattern of health edu?cation,the compliance rates of examination and treatment of the residents have improved,and therefore,the pattern is suitable for popularization and application in marshland and lake regions.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out prenatal diagnosis on a fetus with abnormal findings by ultrasonography and non-invasive prenatal testing. METHODS: The fetus and both parents were subjected to chromosomal karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) analysis. RESULTS: The karyotypes of both parents were normal. The fetus carried a 46,N,der(X;16)(q28;q22) unbalanced translocation. SNP-array analysis confirmed that the derived chromosomal fragment of the fetus has originated from 16q. The fetus was diagnosed with 16q partial trisomy syndrome. CONCLUSION Combined chromosomal karyotyping analysis and SNP-array can detect chromosomal aberrations at submicroscopic level and enable accurate diagnosis of the fetus.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the social and economic burden of Downs syndrome for patients and their families residing in Changsha, China. METHODS: An 160-item self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to the primary caregivers of the patients in March 2020. A total of 81 eligible participants had completed the questionnaire, among which 20 were excluded for incomplete data. A patient perspective was taken to estimate the economic burden of the disease. The social impact of the disease on the patient's family was evaluated through questions adapted from the Stanford Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) Scale. RESULTS: The estimated life-course cost of a Downs syndrome patient in Changsha is 4 985 659 RMB, with the patient and caregiver's loss of income taking the greater proportion. In addition, as the majority of the patients' primary caregivers, female caregivers experienced not only considerable financial hardship caused by the care provision, but also a significant amount of psychological pressure and social discrimination. CONCLUSION Increased level of social welfare for the patients and social support for their female caregivers are essential for reducing economic burden and improving their quality of life in the area. In addition, prenatal screening and diagnosis for Downs syndrome are important for reducing both the social and economic burden of the disease by preventing its occurrence.
Caregivers ; China ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Financial Stress ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Social Discrimination ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical application and health economic values of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and second trimester serum screening (STSS). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 54 026 singleton pregnant women undergoing NIPT and STSS from March 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 in Changsha Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital. For pregnant women with high-risk results of NIPT, prenatal diagnosis and follow-up of pregnancy outcomes were conducted. The data was grouped to 4 screening models, and their cost-benefit was analyzed. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of NIPT were all higher than STSS. Screening models 1 to 4 have prevented the birth of 71, 29, 52 and 54 patients with Down syndrome, respectively. The safety index of screening models 1 to 4 were 0.0036, 0.3944, 02215 and 0.1281, respectively. When the price of NIPT was decreased to 600 RMB, the cost-benefit of the screening models 1 to 4 was 0.46, 0.65, 0.44 and 0.40 million RMB, respectively. CONCLUSION NIPT has a better detection performance than STSS. When the price of NIPT is 600 RMB, screening model 1 has the best screening effect and the highest accuracy, safety index and health economical value.
Child ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Down Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods* ; Retrospective Studies