Objective To discuss the influence factors on detection of acid-fast bacilli for tubercu-lnsis patients and to seek for method to improve the quality of sputum sample. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 3102 sputum sample of 1034 patients. Results The positve detection of acid-fast bacilli was found in 570 samples (18.4%). Pus sputum and bloody sputum had no evident influence on the positive detection rate(P＞0.05).The other two kinds of sputum had statistical influence on the positive detection rate (P＜0.01). Conclusions Attention to the intervention and instruction before collecting sputum sample proved to be important measure to ensure the quality of sputum sample and increase the positve detection rate of acid-fast bacilli.

With the development of new military revolution,the training system of officers has greatly changed.The supplement of professionals in army has begun to depend on the graduates from local universities.Based on status-on-quo investigation of the first new recruits' graduates from local medical universities,the authors established a curricula-system of pre-job training by applying the literature review and Delphi method.

Objective To analyze the sperm DNA fragmentation in different degrees of varicocele (VC) infertility patients after high ligation of the spermatic vein. Methods There were 57 patients with different degrees of VC infertility patients. 27 patients had been diagnosed with level two VC, and 30 patients had been diagnosed with level three VC. All patients' sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were detected and calculated at preoperative one month and postoperative three months. Results 57 VC infertility patients were all suffered from laparoscopic high ligation of the spermatic vein on both sides. There was no statistically difference on preoperative sperm DFI between level two and level three patients (P > 0.05). All patients' sperm DFI were decreased after laparoscopic (P < 0.05), and level two VC infertility patients had significant greater progress than level three patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic high ligation of the spermatic vein can effectively improve VC infertility patients sperm DFI. It would be better for level two VC infertility patients.

Objective To explore the changes and comparisons of the four biochemical indicator detection for the early renal im‐pairment in multiple myeloma patients .Methods The 54 patients with multiple myeloma of early onset(MM group) and 54 healthy peoples(control group) were retrospectively analyzed .The levels of serum Cystatin C(Cys C) ,creatinine(Cr) ,β2‐microglobulin(β2‐MG) ,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were detected .And the results for statistical analysis .Results The levels of serum Cys C , Cr ,β2‐MG and LDH were higher significantly in the MM group than in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .In the MM group ,the positive rate of Cys C ,Cr ,β2‐MG ,LDH ,combined detection of Cys C and Cr ,combined detection of β2‐MG and LDH ,combined detection of Cys C ,Cr ,β2‐MG and LDH was 63 .0% ,42 .6% ,74 .1% ,61 .1% ,66 .7% ,85 .2% and 96 .3% respectively .The positive rate of Cys C was higher than Cr ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Between the positive rate of combined detection of β2‐MG ,LDH and Cys C ,Cr ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .The positive rate of combined detection of the four biochemical tests was the most highest .Conclusion In the early stage of the renal in‐jury in the patients with MM ,the combined detection of the four biochemical tests is most sensitive to discovery the early stage of the renal glomerular function injury .

Background Keratoconus is a progressive corneal thinning and protrusion disease that develop in the age of puberty,resulting in a certain extent impairment of visual function.Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) increases the stiffness of the cornea through the photooxidation of ultraviolet A (UVA) and riboflavin,with the aim to postpone and prevent the progression of keratoectasia.Objective This study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transepithelial CXL in the treatment of pediatric keratoconus.Methods Ten eyes of 9 pediatric patients with keratoconus undergoing transepithelial CXL were enrolled from February 2010 to March 2013 in Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,with the mean age was (15± 1) years (range from 13 years to 17 years).After topical anesthesia (0.1％ tetracaine) for 15 minutes,0.5％ riboflavin was applied until it was saturated in the anterior chamber,then UVA with the intensity of 3 mW/cm2 was performed on the cornea for 30 minutes.The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA),corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA),refractive error,topography,corneal thinnest thickness were measured 7 days,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year after operation.Endothelium cell density (ECD) was measured 7 days afier operative.Results The mean corneal reepithelization time was (1.4±0.8) days.The UDVA and CDVA were significantly improved from preoperative 1.02±0.16 and 0.34±0.20 to postoperative 0.77±0.18 and 0.25 ±0.15,respectively (t =4.251,3.750;both at P＜0.05).The refractive sphere and spherical equivalent significantly changed from preoperative (-7.15±3.00)D and (-9.26±3.23)D to postoperative (-5.28±2.05) D and (-7.05±2.08) D 1 year,respectively (t =-2.515,-2.597;both at P＜0.05).Maximum Kvalue (Kmax) was significantly decreased from preoperative (64.1 ± 11.9) D to postoperative (61.8 ± 10.4) D (t =2.304,P＜0.05).The refractive cylinder,corneal thinnest thickness and ECD showed no significant differences between preoperation and postoperation (t =-1.331,0.328,1.205;all at P＞0.05).Stromal opacity was observed in 2 eyes 3 months and 6 months after operation,respectively.Conclusions Transepithelial CXL is safe and effective in prolonging or halting progression in adolescent keratoconus.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the aqueous extract of ephedra sinica on brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)in rats.Methods Totally 50 rats of Sprague-Dawley were randomly divided into control group,model group and three groups treated with different concentrations(4,12,36 mg/kg).The changes of the cerebral water content,malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and hydroxy radical of brain tissue were recorded,and he-matoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to test the subarachnoid haemorrhagia and oedema,and immunohistochemistry and western blot were carried out to assay the expression of complement C3 in brains of different animal in different group 3d after operation. Results On the postoperative 3 days,compared with the model group,the content of MDA、GSH-Px activity and hydroxyl radical of 12、36 mg/kg treatment groups significantly reduced(P <0.01 ),the content of MDA of 4 mg/kg treatment group not change (P >0.05),but GSH-Px activity and inhibition of hydroxyl radical significantly reduced(P <0.01),and the cerebral water content of 12,36 mg/kg groups were obviously lower compared with model group.The expression of complement C3 was significantly lower on 36 mg/kg treatment group and edema reduced.Conclusion The aqueous extract of ephedra could significantly inhibit the activity of complement C3,prevent the production of MDA、GSH-Px and hydroxyl radical,reduce the severity of cerebral edema and the in-flammatory response,which has a better therapeutic effect SAH animals.

OBJECTIVEStudy the current quality management situation of enterprises marketing corneal contact lens via systemic investigations and explore effective administration countermeasures in the future.

METHODSThe quality management indicators of sixty-two corneal contact lens marketing enterprises in Xuhui district of Shanghai were systematically investigated and enterprises of different operation models was compared and analyzed.

RESULTSWholesale enterprises and retail chain enterprises are apparently better than independent enterprises almost in all facets.

CONCLUSIONFacilitate market accession of corneal contact lens marketing enterprises, encourage the business model of retail chain, enhance supervision of corneal contact lens marketing enterprises, especially independent franchisors.

Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is closely associated with the initiation and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), however, there is few research on SPS in China. Serrated polyps can be divided into hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated polyps and traditional serrated polyps. The diagnosis standard of SPS is as following: (1) There are at least 5 serrated lesions in proximal colon, and diameter of more than 2 lesions is >10 mm; (2) The patient has one serrated polyp with family history of SPS; (3) More than 20 serrated polyps can be found in the entire large bowel. The risk of SPS is relatively high in the development of colorectal cancer and 25%-70% of the SPS patients is diagnosed with synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancer during following-up. The clinical characteristics of SPS include that patients are relatively old; no significant racial difference exists in the morbidity; patients have family history of colorectal cancer. The mutation of BRAF or KRAS gene, which induces colorectal cancer through the RAS-RAF-MAPK signaling pathway, is often found in SPS as well as CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP) and microsatellite instability (MSI). The difference between SPS and traditional familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) should be noted because of the different pathology mechanism, clinical characteristics and the risk of malignancy. Nowadays, the common technologies of detecting serrated polyps are auto-fluorescence imaging (AFI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI), whose detective rate is around 55%. The SPS patients are advised to undergo the resection of all the serrated polyps with diameter larger than 3-5 mm and receive the colonoscopy examination every 1 or 2 year. Not only the research about SPS is on the initiation step and the molecular mechanism is still unknown, but also the scholars do not come to achieve agreement about the risk of SPS in the malignancy of colorectal cancer, which is essential for further research therefore.
Adenoma ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Colonic Polyps ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; DNA Methylation ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; Microsatellite Instability ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; Syndrome

Objective: A solvent desorption-gas chromatography method for determination of ethylal in workplace air has been established. Methods: Ethylal in workplace air was collected by activated carbon tube and desorbed with carbon disulfide, and the desorption solutions were analysed by capillary column GC with FID detector. Results: The method presented a good linearity in the range of 0.87~34 800.00 mg/L of ethylal in the standard solution, with the correlation coefficient being r=0.999 7. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification of this method were respectively 0.20 mg/L and 0.80 mg/L, and the minimum detectable concentration and the minimum quantification concentration of this method were respectively 0.17 mg/m³ and 0.60 mg/m³ per 1.50 L of air.The within-run precision of the method was 2.93%-6.20%, and the between-run precision 3.67%-6.44%. The desorption efficiency between 94.22%-97.27%. Ethylal in activated carbon tube could be kept at least 7 days at room temperature without significant loss. Conclusion The method could be used for determination of ethylal in workplace air.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is an important indicator of decompensated cirrhosis and is one of the most common causes of death. With the development of research on gut microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis in recent years, the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of HE has attracted wide attention. At present, next-generation sequencing has deepened the understanding of the composition and function of gut microbiota among researchers, and HE treatment targeting gut microbiota has achieved remarkable results. The research on gut microbiota helps to further clarify the pathogenesis of HE and may provide more treatment methods for patients with HE.