pFH23. These studies provide the possibility of further research on the expression of recombinant antigenic genes, the immunity of their expressed products and the protection of animals.

Objective To compare the clinical results of percutaneous compression plating (PCCP)and Trigen short reconstruction intramedullary nail for intertrochanteric hip fractures. Methods During 2005 and 2008, the patients suffered with AO/OTA Al and A2 intertrochanteric hip fractures were divided into two groups; 36 fractures were treated with PCCP and 48 fractures with Trigen short reconstruction nail.During an average of (16.3±3.2) months follow-up, clinical evaluation involved visual analogue scale(VAS)score for pain in the 1st week, the 1st month, the 3rd month, the 6th month and the 12th month, and a Harris hip score one year post operation. Radiographs were examined for fracture healing-time, displacement scale of the neck screws and fracture impaction scale. All the complication in both groups was recorded. Results There were no difference in blood loss and operation time in both groups. The postoperative pain was significantly lower in the PCCP group in the initial three months after the surgery. Larger scale of fracture impaction and screw telescoping were seen in PCCP group. Also shorter healing time, higher Harris score results were achieved in PCCP group than those of Trigen short reconstruction nail group. Four peri-implant fractures occurred in Trigen short reconstruction nail group, which included one in the greater trochanter and three in the femoral shaft, but only one case need revision for bone displacement. In PCCP group, it was found that the superior neck screw was slightly displaced for tendency to cut-out in one patient. Conclusion Both PCCP and Trigen short reconstruction intramedullary nail can be successfully used to treat Al and A2 intertrochanteric hip fractures with minimal invasive technique. And the PCCP showed more rapid pain relief and bone healing, easily bony reduction and fewer complications.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutics of the juxtaarticular bone cyst in the acetabulum. Methods Between August 1990 to April 2009, nineteen cases of clinical data of the juxta-articular bone cyst in the acetabulum data were collected from hospital records and analyzed retrospectively. There were 11 males and 8 females, with an average age of 42.3 years (range, 18-59). Seventeen patients felt an aching pain in the hip. The duration of symptoms was from 2 months to 20years with the median 15 months. All the radiographs showed a well-demarcated oval or circular radiolucent defect, close to subchondral bone, and outlined by a thin rim of sclerotic bone. Five cases accompanied with developmental dysplasia of the hip. After curettage of the bone cyst, 14 patients received iliac crest autogenous bone grafts, 3 patients received xenoma spongy bone-graft particles, and 2 patients received artificial bone grafts. Results Fourteen patients were precisely diagnosed as bone cyst by radiograph, and 4 patients were diagnosed by CT and MRI. The major axes of the focus were 2-4 cm in 16 patients, and 4-8 cm in 3patients. The sizes of the focus had no relationship with the symptoms and the course of the disease. Seventeen cases of the focus were located at the anterior superior of the bearing surface of the acetabulum. All patients were successfully followed up from 11 months to 13 years, averaged 6.2 years, and no relapses occurred during the follow-up period in every case. Fourteen patients felt asymptomatic, 3 patients felt uncomfortable in hip occasionally, and 2 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip felt ameliorated in the initial stage of the therapy, followed by aggravation accompanying the hip joint space narrow. Conclusion Bone graft after thorough curettage of the capsular space was an effective therapy for the juxta-articular bone cyst in the acetabulum, and the anatomic distribution of radiological lesions indicated that the stress concentration maybe the etiological factor of the bone cyst.

Objective To investigate the effects of locally and systemically administered alendronate on wear-debris induced osteolysis in vivo. Methods Endotnxin-free titanium particles were injected into rabbit femurs prior to insertion of a non-weight-bearing polymethylmethacrylate plug into the distal femur canal. Then the particles were repeatedly injected into the knee 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the implantation. Alendronate was incorporated into bone cement for local delivery at three different concentrations [0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 weight%(wt%)]. For systemic delivery, alendronate was subcutaneously injected ( 1.0 mg· kg-1·week-1).Results Eight weeks after operation, there was significant evidence of osteolysis surrounding the plug in the control group, while markedly-blocked osteolysis was noted in the local delivery group (0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt%), and the systemic delivery group. It was found that alendronate had improved peri-prosthetic bone mineral density in a dose-effect model. Notably, no significant difference was found between local delivery of 0.5 wt% alendronate and systemic delivery in bone mineral density and implant fixation. Conclusion Alendronate-loaded bone cement (0.5 wt% ) may be as effective as the systemic delivery in inhibiting titanium particle-induced osteolysis.

Objective To investigate technique and clinical effect of total en bloc spondylectomy for thoracic and lumbar chondrosarcoma.Methods From January 2010 to March 2012,6 patients with thoracic or lumbar chondrosarcoma underwent total en bloc spondylectomy.There were 4 males and 2 females,aged from 25 to 54 years (average,38 years).The tumor ranged from T3 to L3; 1 located in T3 and T4,1 in T7,1in T11,1 in L1,1 in L2 and 1 in L3.According to Tomita surgical classification system,there was 1 case of type 2,1 case of type 4,3 cases of type 5 and 1 case of type 6.One patient underwent tumor resection through single posterior approach,while the other 5 patients underwent anterior dissection and posterior resection of tumor.All spines were reconstructed by posterior fixation with pedicle screws and anterior interbody fusion with titanium mesh cages or artificial vertebrae.Results The average amount of blood loss was 3200 ml (range,2100 to 6300 ml).The duration of operation ranged from 3.5 to 12 hours (average,5.5hours).Two patients obtained wide resection,3 obtained marginal resection,and 1 had intralesional margin.The complications included 2 cases of cerebrospinal leak,1 case of pleural effusion and 1 case of pulmonary infection.There was no wound infection and death during peroperative period.All patients were followed up for 6 to 32 months (average,19 months).The neurological function improved from preoperative Frankel C to postoperative Frankel E in 2 cases.All patients obtained bone union 6 to 12 months (average,8 months) after operation.At final follow-up,all patients could walk without aid,and there was no recurrence.Conclusion The total en bloc spondylectomy is an effective method for thoracolumbar chondrosarcoma,which could provide a satisfied tumor control and neurological function improvement.

control relatives.A ratio of s/q approached1/q with Penrose' s method.Heritability of SLE was78.8%?4.45%in the first-degree relatives,58.8%?10.9%in the second-degree relatives,and39.2%?32.0%in the third-degree relatives.The weighted mean heritability was75.2%?4.12%.Conclusions SLE has characteristics of polygenic disease.Genetic factor might play an important role in the liability of SLE.

Objective To evaluate the gene mutation of RANTES and CCR5 in SLE and its significance. Methods One hundred and forty-six definitive SLE patients and 159 controls were collected. SNPs of RANTES promoter and polymorphism of CCR5 were performed by PCR or PCR/RFLP assay, and further confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. Results The frequence of RANTES-403G/G compounded with 28C/C and CCR5/CCR5 was significantly different between SLE and control groups (72.6% vs 58.5%, P 0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that the two SNPs are linkage disequilibrium. Interaction of two SNPs in RANTES and CCR5 is related with SLE. RANTES-403G/G compounded with 28C/C and CCR5/CCR5 may be one of risk factors of SLE. RANTES-403A is probably related with renal damage of SLE.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a simple, quick and highly sensitive method. However the accuracy of the conventional PCR assay was often affected by false positives and false negatives. In this study, a protocol competitive PCR was used to reduce the false results in screening for selectable marker-free (SMF) Xa2l transgenic rice plants. The competitive template of Xa21 was the endogenous Xa2l homologous sequence located on chromosome 11. The competitive template of the selectable marker gene, hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt), was an additive DNA extracted from hpt transgenic Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L). Through competitive PCR analysis of transgenic T1 plants produced by double right border binary vector, false positive or false negative samples were effectively diminished, and genuine SMF Xa21 transgenic plants were obviously obtained. Comparing with the conventional non-competitive PCR, competitive PCR increased the accuracy for selecting SMF Xa21 transgenic plants. The results of bacterial blight (BB) resistance tests and hygromycin B resistance assay of SMF Xa21 transgenic plants testified the reliability of this method.
Genetic Vectors ; Oryza ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Diseases ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transformation, Genetic

s] Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures with focus on total removal of cattle and sheep in Junshan District,Yueyang City. Methods The retrospective review and field survey were implemented in the pilot villages in Junshan District. The data of Schistosoma japonicum infection status of human,cattle,sheep and Oncome-lania hupensis snails,and density of snails were gathered and modeled in the period of 2006 to 2016. Results The prevalence of schistosome infection in residents in the pilot villages decreased from 3.44％ in 2006 to 0.59％ in 2012(F = 14.501,P =0.013). After removal of all the cattle and sheep in 2013,the prevalence of schistosome infection in the residents decreased to zero in 2016(F=14.148,P=0.033). The density of living snails decreased from 0.8833/0.1 m2 in 2006 to 0.3088/0.1 m2 in 2012(F=76.250,P=0.005). Conclusion The comprehensive schistosomiasis control strategy with focus on cattle and sheep removal is remarkably effective.

The experiment was conducted to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CNP), to entrap VRMIL-2 with CNP, the eukaryotic VR1020 expression plasmid containing murine IL-2 gene (mlL-2), and to investigate the expression in vivo and the regulatory effect of mIL-2 on immune-response and immuno-protection in mice inoculated muscularly with CNP entrapped VMIL-2 at 21 days old. The results showed that IgG, IgM and IgA contents increased to different degrees in the sera from the inoculated mice, which were remarkably higher than those of the controls inoculated VR1020 packed with CNP (P<0.05); so were the IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 contents in the sera of the immunized mice. The number of white blood cells and lymphocytes significantly increased respectively in the vaccinated mice, compared with those of controls. These mice were orally challenged with virulent E. coli 35 days post-inoculation, and all the immune responses were significantly higher than those of the control except the number of neutrophils. The mice inoculated with VRMIL-2 survived healthily, while the mice of control group were ill with the evident lesions. Although there are no remarkable differences between the cellular and humoral immune indexes of mice inoculated with CNP-VRMIL-2 and nude VRMIL-2 (P>0.05), the dosage of CNP-VRMIL-2 is only one fifth of the VRMIL-2. These indicated that entrapment of mIL-2 gene with chitosan nanoparticles could remarkably enhance the expression of mIL-2 in vivo, and significantly raise the levels of cellular and humoral immune, and increase the resistance of mice against E. coli infection. The results suggested that chitosan nanoparticles and IL-2 gene could be used as an effective immunoenhancer to increase the immunity of animals against infection.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Chitosan ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Nanostructures