Objective To explore the test-retest reliability and correlations of the light-dark box (LDB).MethodsThe behavior of mice in LDB was recorded twice, for five minutes,with a one-week inter-trial interval.Following parameters were evaluated:latency time for the first entry into the dark area (Latence); percentage of time exploring in the light area ( Ltime％ ); percentage of squares crossing in the light area ( Lcross％ ); total number of squares crossing ( Cross ); percentage of rears in the light area ( Lrear％ ); total number of rears (Rear); total score (Total); transitions between two areas (Transition); and number of fecal boli (Fbi). Subsequently,the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the Kappa agreement coefficient (Kappa) and the Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson) were calculated for these parameters. Results ①ICC for Lrear％ ( ICC =0.5207, P＜0.01 ) showed a fair reliability. ②Kappa for all parameters indicated a poor reliability. ③Pearson displayed weak negative correlations between Transition and Ltime％ ( Pearson = - 0.4030, P ＜ 0.05; Pearson =- 0. 1490, P＞ 0. 05 ), Lcross％ ( Pearson = - 0. 4331, P ＞ 0. 05; Pearson = - 0.1893, P ＞ 0.05 ), Lrear％ ( Pearson = - 0. 4485, P ＜ 0. 05; Pearson = 0. 02845, P ＞ 0. 05 ), however, fair positive correlations between Transition and Cross (Pearson =0. 8603, P＜0.01; Pearson =0.6341, P＜0. 01 ) ,Rear(Pearson =0.4271, P＞0. 05;Pearson = 0. 7245, P ＜ 0. 001 ). Conclusion Rear is found to be stable over time, and indicated a fair reliability.There is a weak negative correlation between Transition and Ltime％, Lcross％, Lrear％, but fair positive correlations between Transition and Cross, Rear.

Objective To assess the preventive effects of FK506 and Leflunomide (Lef) on islet xenograft acute rejection in rat-to-mouse models. Methods The islets of rat were transplanted under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse. The recipients were randomly divided into control group, un-treatment group, mono-therapy group and combination-therapy group. All immunosuppressants were administrated daily from 0 to 9 days. CD4 +\, CD8 + T-cell subsets and IL-2 were examined on the 5?th day after transplantation. Results Compared with un-treatment group, xenoislet survival could be significally prolonged in mono-therapy group. Combination-therapy of FK506 with Lef could significantly prolong the survival of xenoislet when compared with FK506 or Lef used alone. The number of CD4 + T-cells in mono-therapy group and combination-therapy group was much less than in un-treatment group. Conclusion Both FK506 and Lef can suppress proliferation of CD4 + T-cells and prevent or delay islet xenograft rejection.

AIM: To investigate the titer and avidity of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody for surface antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in sera from patients with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) and evaluate the interrelationship of the antibody titer and avidity. METHODS: 15 patients with early-onset periodontitis, 16 patients with adult periodontitis(AP) and 14 periodontally healthy subjects(HS) participated in this study. Levels and avidities of IgG antibody against P.gingivalis lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were measured. Serum IgG titers against P.gingivalis antigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG avidity was measured by diethylamine dissociation ELISA. RESULTS: Serum IgG antibody levels against P.gingivalis LPS in EOP and AP patients were significantly higher than that of healthy subjects (P0.05). Antibody avidities to P. gingivalis in EOP were significantly higher than that of AP patients and HS group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there is no correlation between antibody levels and avidities in EOP and AP patients. IgG avidity can be considered as a valuable parameter in the diagnosis of EOP.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Rainbow Therapy on brain injury syndrome and cerebral palsy in children.Methods115 children with brain injury syndrome and cerebral palsy were treated by Point Massage Motorpathy (PMM)and patterning. ResultsCompared with control groups,the neurological development quotient (NDQ)of cerebral-palsied children increased by 28.2 in the group A (P<0.01),16.0 in the group B(P<0.01) and 18.7 in the group C(P<0.01) after 6 months therapy.The group A was significantly higher than that of the gruop B and C (P<0.01). Conclusions The Rainbow Therapy is effective for brain injury syndrome and cerebral palsy in children.It is important that the treatment should be started as early as possible.It is a convenient method that can be carried out at home.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of mechanical periodontal treatment combined with tetracycline on per iodontal attachment level (AL) and the avidity of serum antibody against porphyromonas gingivalis( P. gingivalis) in patients with aggressive periodontitis(AgP). METHODS: Twenty- five patients with AgP and twenty periodontally healthy controls were studied (HS). Clinical examination and recordings of AL were performed before and 3,6 and 12 months after the periodontal treatment. The avidity of IgG antibody against P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was measured by diethylamine dissociation ELISA. RESULTS: A significant improvement in AL was observed following treatment ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The avidity of serum IgG antibody against P. gingivalis increased compared with controls, and was decreased significantly after mechanical periodontal treatment combined with tetracycline (P ＜ 0. 01 ). CONCLUSION: Ourresults demonstrate that mechanical periodontal treatment combined with tetracycline provides clinically favorable results in patients with AgP.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to eva lu ate the effect of tetracycline combined with anti-inflammation drug on the serum antibody level against porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in patients with early-ons et periodontitis (EOP). METHODS: The study population consisted of 12 individuals with e arly-onset periodontitis, 16 patients with adult periodontitis (AP) and 12 perio dontally healthy subjects (HS). Clinical examination and recordings of probing p ocket depth (PPD), periodontal attachment level (PAL) and bleeding on probing (B OP) were performed prior to treatment and at three months following the periodontal treatment. The serum antibody titer against Pg in patients with EOP was measured at diagnosis and at the termination of treatmeat. RESULTS: A significant improvement was observed in probing pocke t depth, periodontal attachment level and gingival bleeding index post treatment for three months. The serum IgG antibody titer against porphyromonas ging ivalis was decreased significantly after the treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that mechanical periodontal treatment combined with tetracycline and anti-inflammation drug provides clinica lly favorable results in patients with early-onset periodontitis.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the development of periodontitis in mice by low dosage of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection.METHODS: Twenty-seven male Kunming mice in specific pathogen free grade were randomly divided into three groups: (1) the normal control group;(2) the experimental periodontitis group, which was produced by ligature of braided silk around the first maxillary molar, and was inoculated with putative periodontopathic bacteria;(3) the periodontitis with T. spiralis infection group. The mice were sacrificed at the end of 1, 3 and 5 weeks. The probing depth (PD) was measured before the mice were euthanized. The histological change of periodontal tissues was observed under the microscope after the samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Furthermore, the serum level of IL-4 was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: (1) The serum level of IL-4 in T. spiralis-infected group was significantly higher than that in experimental periodontitis group (P<0.01). (2) The PD in T. spiralis-infected group was significantly lower than that in experimental periodontitis group (P<0.01). (3) Only a mild inflammatory response was observed in T. spiralis-infected animals. CONCLUSION: T. spiralis infection upregulates IL-4 expression and attenuates periodontitis in mice.

In our experiment the typical structure of Peyer's patches (PP) of rabbits was absent in neonatal animals, but after birth, it developed gradually and rapidly. On the 6 th day, the lymphoid structure of PP appeared and two types of lymphocytes, T and B, were observed in PP. At the same time, there were some microfold cells in the epithelium of the dome. By half a month, the lymphoid structure of PP matured histologically and later on it was more developed and PP gradually increased in size during the growth of the rabbit. The PP of a 3 month old rabbit were similar to those of the mature animals, but no involution of PP appeared at the stage of sexual maturity.The development of PP in rabbits is closely related to the first antigenic stimulation from the intestinal contents, and T, B lymphocytes and macrophages are present at the start of PP formation. In addition, there is no involution of PP in the adult rabbit. These features of PP in rabbits are different from those of the bursa of Fabricius, so it is inappropriate to regard the PP of rabbits as the homologue of the avian bursa of Fabricius.

Leucine zipper tumor suppressor 2 (LZTS2) is a novel tumor suppressor gene that has been increasingly recognized in recent years. Currently, many studies illustrate that LZTS2 gene, the important candidate tumor suppressor gene, is already involved in the inhibition of tumorigenesis and aberrant proliferation of tumor cells, and other functions of tumor cells. Information from these stud-ies can contribute to the formulation of new strategies for the treatment of tumors.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between open field test(OFT) and light-dark box (LDB),as two animal models of state anxiety in Kunming mice.MethodsThe behavior of adult,male,Kunming mice in OFT and LDB was recorded by sequence,for five minutes,with a one-week inter-trial interval.The following parameters were evaluated:percentage of time exploring in the OFT central area( OFT-Ctime％ ) ; percentage of squares crossing in the OFT central area( OFT-Ccross％ ) ; total number of squares crossing in OFT(OFT-Cross) ;total number of rears in the OFT(OFT-Rear) ; number of fecal boli in OFT(OFT-FB) ; percentage of time exploring in the LDB light area( LDB-Ltime％ ) ; percentage of squares crossing in the LDB light area( LDB-Lcross％ ) ;and percentage of rears in the LDB light area( LDB-Lrear％ ) ; transitions between two areas in LDB( LDB-Transition) ; total number of squares crossing in LDB(LDB-Croas) ; total number of rears in LDB(LDB-Rear) ; number of fecal boli in LDB (LDB-FB).Subsequently,factor analysis,cluster analysis and correlation analysis were calculated for these parameters.ResultsFactor analysis and cluster analysis of variances from either OFT or LDB revealed a three behavioral dimensions:anxiety factor ( loaded by OFT-Ctime％,OFT-Ccross％ or LDB-Ltime％,LDB-Lcross％,LDB-Lrear％ ),activity factor ( loaded by OFT-Cross,OFT-Rear or LDB-Transition,LDB-Cross,LDB-Rear) and emotionality factor(loaded by OFT-FB or LDB-FB).While all the variances from both OFT and LDB in combination were analyzed,it could be seen as five components:' LDB-anxiety factor ( loaded by LDBLtime％,LDB-Lcross％ and LDB-Lrear％ ),' OFT-anxiety factor ( loaded by OFT-Ctime％ and OFT-Ccross％ ),'LDB-activity factor (loaded by LDB-Transition,LDB-Cross and LDB-Rear),'OFT-LDB-emotionality factor( loaded by OFT-FB and LDB-FB) and 'OFT-activity factor (loaded by OFT-Cross and OFT-Rear).Good correlation were found between OFT/LDB factors alone and in combination,such as OFT-emotionality factor and LDB-emotionality factor(Pearson =0.383,P＜0.05),LDB-anxiety factor and 'LDB-anxiety factor( Pearson =0.989,P＜0.01 ),OFT-anxiety factor and 'OFT-anxiety factor( Pearson =0.934,P ＜ 0.01 ),LDB-activity factor and 'LDB-activity factor ( Pearson =0.956,P ＜ 0.01 ),OFT/LDB-emotionality factor and ' OFT-LDB-emotionality factor ( Pearson =0.835,P＜0.01 ;Pearson =0.696,P＜0.01 ),OFT-activity factor and 'OFF-activity factor( Pearson =0.926,P＜0.01 ).ConclusionEither OFT or LDB comprised three behavioral dimensions:anxiety factor,activity factor and emotionality factor; however,it was difficult to establish face validity as a point-to-point concordance between OFT and LDB.Attention should be paid to heterogeneity of animal models when OFT and LDB were in combination as a behavionomics to evaluate anxiolytics in Kunming mice.