To investigate whether muscle fiber conduction velocity reflects muscle fiber type, we studied the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscle in 7 male rats aged 12 weeks. Muscle fiber conduction velocity was measured with a surface electrode array during stimulated contraction and calculated from the delay between two action potentials along muscle fibers for a given inter-electrode distance. Conduction velocity in the EDL (2.71±0.50 m/s) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in the SOL (2.14±0.34 m/s) . Fiber type, fiber area and fiber diameter were determinated by myosin ATPase staining and NADH-tetrazolium reductase staining. Muscle fiber composition of the EDL and SOL was 94.6±1.8 and 14.8±4.3% FT fibers, respectively, and mean muscle fiber diameter was 62.7±6.2 pm and 79.2±7.8pm, respectively, that of the EDL being significantly smaller (p<0.01) than that of the SOL. It was suggested that individual differences in conduction velocity were caused by differences in muscle fiber composition rather than differences in muscle diameter.

0.05). Conclusions Long stent implantation for diffuse lesions in octogenarians appears safe and feasible, with high procedural success and favorable long-term outcomes.

Objective To evaluate angiographic and clinical outcomes of ≥ 20mm long stents or overlapped stent implantation in diffuse coronary lesions for octogenarians, in comparison with patients under sixty. Methods Two groups (Group O: 47 lesions in 44 octogenarians, aged 81± 3 years; Group Y: 64 lesions in 58 patients under sixty, aged 54 ± 4 years) were compared with a 6-month follow-up. Results Success rate of the procedures was 100%. None had in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE). There was no significant difference in angiographic restenosis between the groups at follow-up (Group O vs Group Y, 29.8 % vs 26.6 %, P = NS). The revascularization of target vessel and MACE was less in Group Y, but these showed no statistical significance (15.6% vs 23.4% and 20.7% vs 25.0%, respectively). Conclusions Long stent implantation for diffuse coronary lesions in octogenarians appears safe and feasible, with high procedural success and favorable long-term outcomes.

(Object) We, in collaboration with Wacoal Corp., assessed the effects of human hemoglobin dynamics associated with pressure stimulus applied by half-ovoid protrusions lined on brassiere straps, which were developed with an intended use by females to safely alleviate shoulder stiffness and associated pain in a convenient manner, and compared them to those of conventional flat and round magnets (5 mm in diameter, 800 Gauss).
(Method) Six healthy females volunteered for each of the four experiments. The participants'thoracic circumference or band size was 70 cm (B70) for experiments one and two, and 80 cm (B80) for three and four. For experiments one and three, we obtained the control hemoglobin (Hb) values, by near-infrared spectroscopy, 20 minutes after participants had worn brassieres with the newly developed straps turned inside out;and were compared to the values obtained after the straps were worn with protrusions pressing down on the skin (Protrusion-lined Strap Group, PST). For experiments two and four, the control Hb values were obtained after the participants had worn generic brassiere straps, and were compared to Hb values obtained after the magnet-lined straps were worn (Magnet-lined Strap Group, MSG).
(Result) In the PSG (B70 &B80), both Oxy-Hb and Total-Hb values increased by stimulation with a 5%significant difference;however, no significant increase was observed in the MSG (B70 &B80). There was no significant difference depending on the band size.

(Discussion) In the present study, the post-stimulation increase of Hb values showed significant differences in PSG as a result of stimulation by protrusions. Stimulation by flat magnets demonstrated no such significance on Hb values, presumably due to the lower pressure to the skin. Stimulation by magnets showed no significant changes in total Hb values despite prior reports of it accelerating the blood flow. The shape with which pressure is applied against the skin may have relevance to the effect of stimulation.
Protrusions left post-stimulation depression marks and flare on the skin surface, suggesting the possible involvement of mechanothermal polymodal receptors.
(Conclusion) Stimulation with the protrusions we developed increased Hb values, showing a regional concentration of hemoglobin. This suggests that it is effective in alleviating shoulder stiffness and associated pain, and lining brassiere straps with the protrusions provides a means for females to self-apply such stimulation safely and conveniently.

Although the efficacy of acupuncture in treatment of various diseases has been empirically established, systematic demonstration of this point has been rarely made. Our animal experiments designed to prove the efficacy of acupuncture on a scientific basis are reviewed here.
Each of the following experiments was carried out on two to five groups of mice. Mice in acupuncture group (A-animals) were acupunctured at four to seventeen points on every second or third day beginning with the first experimental day.
Exp. I. The preventive effect of acupuncture on acute poisoning by carbon tetrachloride-With carbon tetrachloride (4.16g/kg body weight) injected in the abdominal cavity on the 18th exp. day, all the non-acupunctured mice (N-animals) died in 72 hours after the administration, while 16% of the A-animals survived.
Exp. II. The curative effect of acupuncture on subacute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. -Carbon tetrachloride (3.47g/kg b. w.) was administered on the 17th exp. day in the same manner as Exp. I. Levallorphan tartrate (antagonist to narcotics) was given to half of the A-animals (L+A-animals) and control animals (L-animals) before each session of acupuncture. Electron microscopic examination revealed severely injured liver cells in the N-animals and very little changes in the A-animals. The liver of L+A-animals was injured to some extent. Since the explanation of toxicity of levallorphan was refuted by the L-animals, this result suggests that some narcotic substances play a role in the process.
Exp. III. The effect of acupuncture on alloxan diabetes. -Alloxan (6mg) was administered on the 8th exp. day, and the animals were sacrificed on the 30th or 46th exp. day for examination. The N-animals showed extremely high blood sugar, though the A-animals did not. Ultrastructural study revealed that characteristic changes of alloxan diabetes in the pancreas had almost disappeared from the A-animals.
Exp. IV. The effect of acupuncture on renal injury induced by mercuric chloride. -With mercuric chloride (0.2mg/100g b. w.) administered three times a week, 10% of the N-animals and none of the A-animals died during the three-month period. Fairly heavy proteinuria (30-100mg/ml) was detected in the N-animals, though uria of A-animals was almost normal. After a one-month period, the N-animals showed a significant weight loss compared to the A-animals. Through the use of the electron microscope, severe injuries were seen in the epithelium of the renal tubules of the N-animals, and healed injuries in that of the A-animals.
Ultrastructural evidence has been presented that acupuncture is effective in (1) preventing and curing liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, (2) curing alloxan diabetes, (3) curing nephritis induced by mercuric chloride. Our hypothesis suggesting the possible mechanism that underlies these effects produced by acupuncture has been briefly explained.

This paper discussed the introductory medical training system and medical team care problems at University Hospital of Tsukuba.
The characteristics of this training system are that the duration of training is the fourth year medical students at the University of Tsukuba and to exercise the roles of nursing service at University Hospital.
In this practice, medical students are expected to comprehend about the significance of team work in medical care, to practice in the work of nurses and c-medical workers for learning their roles. We introduce our purpose and practice of this medical team care. Problems of this trial are discussed in this paper. But we have confirmed that this experimental. Trial is useful experience to all medical students and the items of this practical exercise are one of the most effective training method for them.

For the purpose of learning the comprehensive medical team care. we tried for the fourth year medical students at University of Tsukuba to exercise the nursing service and the team care system in the Hospital of University of Tsukuba.
These practice were already undergone during past twelve years.
In this practice, students are expected to comprehend about the significance of team work in medical care, to understand the meaning of medical care, to learn especially the roles of nursing and rehabilitation medicine (in total medical care system), to practice in the work of nurses and co-medical workers for understanding their roles, to study the basic science and contribution in medical team care of rehabilitation medicine, to comprehend about the outline of the health, medical care system, and medical economics.
As the items of this practical exercise, all students must work as follows:
1. collection of venous blood and check of vital signs.
2. practical work of nursing service.
day time service: 8:00 a.m.-11:30 a.m.(fourtimes)
1:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m.(once)
early night service: 5:00 p.m.-0:00 a.m.(once)
midnight service: 0:00 a.m.-8:30 a.m.(once)
Moreover 15 corelative lectures are prepared.
For these twelve years, we researched motivating effects and impression of this exercise about both medical students and nurses by method of using questionnaire. We hope to grow kindly doctors having the mind of humanity.

With the aim of investigating the effect of drop in blood pressure of the Zusanli (ST36), a multi-center randomized controlled trial was conducted with the envelope method. Patients showing the high blood pressure condition were divided into 2 of the group treated with use of the Zusanli point and the group with non-use of Zusanli point.Changes in blood pressure were then measured.The present results show no significant difference was seen between the 2 groups, thus did not find the Zusanli point to be effective.

OBJECTIVETo assess the acute and long-term angiographic outcome of placement of long stents with different diameters for treatment of long diffuse coronary lesions.

METHODSAcute and long-term (3-and 6-month follow-up) quantitative coronary angiographic (QCA) data were obtained from 293 consecutive patients (65.9-/+8.2 years old, including 232 male patients) with long stent placement. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the diameter of the stent implanted: group A (diameter> or =4.0 mm, n=68), Group B (3.5 mm< or =diameter < 4.0 mm, n=113), Group C (3.0 mm < or = diameter <3.5 mm, n=90) and Group D (2.5 mm< or =diameter<3.0 mm, n=22). The baseline demographic, angiographic and procedural details were similar in these 4 groups.

RESULTSThe procedural success rate was 100%. In groups A, B, C and D, the mean lesion length (LL) before the procedure was 20.92-/+10.96 mm, 20.01-/+10.07 mm, 20.13-/+11.08 mm and 23.08-/+6.51 mm (P=NS), with average total stent length for each lesion of 28.40-/+5.10 mm, 29.85-/+8.47 mm, 30.20-/+7.13 mm and 26.42-/+4.85 mm, respectively (P=NS). At 3- and 6-month angiographic follow-up, the angiographic binary lesion restenosis rate was significantly higher in the smaller-stent group (8.8%, 15.0%, 33.3% and 72.7% at 3-month, and 17.6%, 25.7%, 41.1% and 72.7% at 6-month follow-up, respectively, P<0.001 between each 2 groups). Group A had reduced target vessel revascularization rate compared with groups B, C and D (19.1% vs 30.1%, 54.4% and 72.7% at 3-month; 30.9% vs 44.2%, 66.7% and 81.8% at 6-month follow-up, P<0.001) at follow-up. These differences appeared to result from a lesser acute gain and a lesser net gain in smaller-stent group.

CONCLUSIONLong stents of larger diameters result in a significant reduction of angiographic restenosis rate and target vessel revascularization rate for the management of long diffuse lesion.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents