There are some methods of evaluating teaching: student-, self-, peer- and third person-evaluation etc. Validity, reliability and feasibility are required for assessing the quality of teaching. Therefore, we examined the reliability of teaching evaluation by medical students in Nippon Medical School in comparison with peer evaluation.
1) Twenty-four clinical lectures during the same school year were arbitrarily chosen as objectives. Correlations between student- and peer-evaluations in both generalized ratings and global assessment were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's correlation coefficient by rank.
2) In generalized ratings, a significant correlation between the evaluations was demonstrated (r=0.532, p=0.0056), while a marginal correlation between the evaluations was observed in global assessment (p=0.0492).
3) The results probably provide evidence of the reliability of teaching evaluation by medical students.
4) The criteria for evaluation and the validity of questionnaires should be defined for a more reliable teaching evaluation by medical students.

The combination effects of chloroquine with Cepharanthin^® or minocycline hydrochloride were evaluated against a blood-induced infection with chloroquine-resistant P. berghei NK 65 in ICR mice. The infected mice in an untreated control group showed a progressively increasing parasitemia leading to mouse death. A two-day dosage of 20 mg base/kg of chloroquine alone produced little effect against P. berghei NK 65 infection, and all mice died from day 13 to 15 with an increasing parasitemia. A four-day dosage of 4 mg/kg of Cepharanthin^® alone produced no antimalarial activity, and all mice died by day 10. A four-day dosage of 50 mg/kg of minocycline hydrochloride alone produced a slight effect, but all mice died by day 18. Furthermore, mice given chloroquine in combination with Cepharanthin^® died from day 14 to 15. Mice given Cepharanthin^® plus minocycline hydrochloride also died from day 15 to 17. On the other hand, infected mice treated with chloroquine plus minocycline hydrochloride survived during the experiment. All mice treated with chloroquine alone, minocycline hydrochloride alone, chloroquine plus Cepharanthin^® or Cepharanthin^® plus minocycline hydrochloride showed low parasitemia levels during drug administration and a few subsequent days, but then malaria parasites re-increased in the bloodstream of the treated mice until death. On the other hand, malaria parasites in the mice given chloroquine plus minocycline hydrochloride decreased on day 6 and then could not be detected by microscopic examination during the observation period. This finding strongly suggests that the combination effects of chloroquine and minocycline hydrochloride are worthy of evaluation in human malaria. The results also clearly demonstrate the necessity and importance of in vivo experiments in estimating the activities of drugs.

Objective: In this study, we surveyed the attitudes of community pharmacists regarding oral antidiabetic drugs that need to be continuously administered, focusing especially on recently available oral‐combination antidiabetic drugs, in terms of their positioning and medication adherence.　In addition, we identified relevant problems from the survey results and discussed the proper use of the combination drugs.Methods: We conducted a questionnaire‐based survey on health insurance‐covered dispensing pharmacies belonging to Kanazawa, Koga, Takasaki, Hitachi, and Hitachinaka Pharmaceutical Associations via fax or post from September 1, 2017 to November 30, 2017.Results: The overall response rate to the survey was 29.8%.　Although combination drugs were considered useful in terms of improved motivation to take medication, i.e., medication adherence, there were also opinions claiming that combination drugs are not particularly useful due to the following reasons: there are problems in discarding residual drugs, they are less economical than individual drugs, it is difficult to ingest tablets of combination drugs because of their large size, it is difficult to adjust doses of combination drugs, and medication adherence does not change because of concomitant drug use.Conclusion: Based on the results there was the opinion that a combination oral diabetes drug improves medication adherence but problems such as the generation of leftover unused drugs due to switching and an increase in the risk of overuse when taking medication was pointed out.　It is necessary for pharmacists to give advice in recognition of the risks with each active ingredient of the oral diabetes combination drug and to continuously monitor any development of side effects.　Furthermore, as with other diabetes remedies, pharmacists need to advise regarding the patient's lifestyle as well as monitor laboratory test results such as kidney function.　The patient's swallowing ability is also an important consideration at the time of medication instruction.