The antibody efficacy of 4 kinds of immune antiserum obtained the standard requirement. The antigen of Shigella flexneri generated the strongest immunoresponse and created the high antibody (1/3,200). The antiserum after absorption had a high specificity and ability for detecting the corresponding antigen. Manufactured antiserum met the standards including physical standard, asepsis, specificity and sensitivity and had stability of 18 months. Its standards were the same these of antiserum of Sanofi-Pasteur- France.
Shigella

No abstract available.
Shigella sonnei* ; Shigella*

No abstract available.
Molecular Biology* ; Shigella*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Shigella* ; Vaginitis*

No abstract available.
R Factors* ; Shigella*

China ; Humans ; Serogroup ; Shigella

Background: PCR technique combined with culture isolates is used commonly to detect bacteria that can cause diarrhea from clinical samples. Direct DNA extraction which is a simple, fast and effective method is very important in the rapid diagnosis of bacterial pathogens from fecal samples. Objective: Perfection of method for direct DNA extraction of Shigella and EIEC from fecal samples. Subjects and method: EIEC ATCC 43893, E. coli ATCC 11775 was used for positive and negative controls. Extracted DNA would be used for PCR. Results: The method for direct DNA extraction of Shigella and EIEC from fecal sample had been successfully developed. It was a simple, rapid, cheap and applicable method. Conclusion: The method for direct Shigella/EIEC DNA extraction had been successfully developed and it was very helpful in early detection of diarrheal-induced bacterial pathogens.
Shigella ; DNA ; feces ; diarrhea

Background: Shigella-induced diarrhea has been considered a major health problem leading to high morbidity and mortality. This disease can lead to dire consequences; however, the true burden of the disease, including the costs and sequalae associated with shigellosis is not yet known. Objectives: (1) To describe the health seeking behavior and the way of payment of population when suffering Shigella; (2) To identify and analyze the direct household costs associated with the treatment of diarrhea due to Shigella. Subjects and method: 290 patients of all ages with positive Shigella diarrhea admitted to public health facilities in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa province in the period from August 2002 to January 2004 were included in the study. The subjects were divided into three age groups, the first 0-5, second 5-18 and the last one was over 18 years old. Patients and their relatives were interviewed at three stages - day 7, day 14 and day 90 - to obtain all the required information. Results: 134 of 290 patients (47%) paid for using the other health care services before admission to the study\u2019s facilities. The average direct cost per episode for the patients at group aged 0-5 was 129,000 VND, group aged 6-18 was 59,267 VND and over 18 years old was 173,531 VND; it was 131.960 VND for three groups. Comparison with the average household expenditure for health care, it was higher in the poorer group and it was lower three times than the richest group. The average direct medical cost per episode was higher the average direct non-medical cost per episode for all groups. Conclusions: The average direct cost per episode of Shigellosis treatment was rather high especially the average direct cost for the treatment at the health facility. It was also high compared with the average expenditure for health per capita so that it becomes large economic burden for households.
Direct cost ; Shigella ; treatment

67 Shigella strains were identified among 1125 diarrheal fecal samples (5.9%). The positive cases have been characterized by mucus, blood and leukocytes in the stool. The results showed that the proportion of S. flexneri isolates is highest (70.1%). Stool samples in which S. flexneri was detected have more mucus and blood and leukocytes per 10 fields than those seen in other groups. Meanwhile, stool samples found S. sonnei have not mucus and blood. Leukocytes in the stool were detected in the most of Shigella positive cases. We assumed that shigellosis caused by S. sonnei is milder than that caused by S. flexneri.
Shigella ; Serotyping ; epidemiology

119 isolates of Shigella with multi-drug resistant (100 Shigella flexneri) to chloramphenicol (Cm), ampicillin (Ap), tetracyclin (Te), trimethoprim (Tr), sulfamethoxazole (Su) from Northern, Central and Southern regions of Viet Nam during a period of 1995-1997 were investigated for the ability to transfer gene trains by method of conjugation. 59.2% strains were transferable in vitro to E.coli K12 with frequence from 10-7 to 10-5 (65.8% strains from Northern, 54.8% strains from Central and 57.5% strains from Southern regions). Almost all the antibiotic resistance genes were transfered with 10 different patterns of resistance; Ap, Tr, Su being the most frequent patters: 45.7% strains fro Northern, 30.8% strains from Southern and 25.6% strains from Central regions.
Drug Resistance ; shigella