1)The factors Japanese residents consider most important in postgraduate clinical training are: "relationship with supervising physicians," "well-developed training programs," and "guidance of supervising physicians."2)Items showing a large discrepancy between their importance to residents and residents' satisfaction were: "well-developed training program," "experiencing a large number of cases,""guidance of supervising physicians," and "guidance of senior residents."3)Multiple regression analysis showed that factors significantly influencing residents' satisfaction with training were "quality of the medical service" (r=0.59) and "consideration for accepted residents" (r=0.42).