0.05).HAMD total score and the score of seven HAMD factors were lowered in the two groups after treatment(P0.05),but CET group had a higher efficacy index(P

Objective To evaluate the role of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in preoperative evaluation of the depth of invasion in rectal carcinoma.Methods Fifty-eight cases with rectal carcinoma confirmed by pathology underwent TRUS before surgery.Preoperative staging was performed using the T staging system on the basis of TRUS sonogram.The T staging results by TRUS were compared with those of postoperative pathologic staging.Results The preoperative overall accuracy rate of TRUS was 82.76％ (48/58).The diagnostic accuracy rates in T1-T4 stage by TRUS were 94.83％(55/58),86.21％(50/58),86.21％ (50/58) and 98.28％ (57/58).Staging rectal carcinoma with TRUS showed better consistency with postoperative pathologic staging.Conclusions TRUS has a better accuracy in preoperative evaluation of the depth of invasion in rectal carcinoma.TRUS is an important factor in rational treatment.

Alzheimer ’ s disease ( AD ) is characterized by pro-gressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions .With re-cent discoveries , activation of silent mating-type information reg-ulator 2 homolog 1 ( SIRT1 ) could attenuate the cognitive dys-function of AD via reducing amyloid-βaggregation and tau pro-tein phosphorylation , inhibiting inflammatory reaction , and regu-lating synaptic plasticity .This review aims to highlight the in-volvement of these new discoveries of SIRT 1, and Akt/protein kinase B(PKB) signaling pathways, for their potential therapeu-tic effect against AD .

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor ( PEComa) of the head and neck. Methods Two cases of PEComa were analyzed by studying clinical data, histopathologic and immu-nohistochemical ( EnVision) changes and the related literatures were reviewed. Results Case 1 was a 26-year-old woman with a re-current larynx tumor, and case 2 was diagnosed in a 56-year-old man with a left nasal cavity mass. Their tumors were well-demarcated, and ranged from 2. 5 to 3. 5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumors were composed of epithelioid cells arranged in nets, organoid pattern. The tumor cells had abundant pale eosinophilic granular to clear cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei, and mild atypia. The stroma was rich in capillaries, sinusoidal vasculature. There was mitotic activity and focal necrosis. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were diffusely or focally positive for vimentin (2/2), HMB-45(1/2), Melan-A(2/2), SMA(2/2), Calponin(2/2), desmin(1/2), and TFE3(1/2). They were negative for CK, CD10, S-100, CgA, Syn, and MyoD1. Conclusion PEComa of the head and neck is rare. Definite diagnosis depends upon the comprehensive analysis of histopathology and coexpression of melanocytic and myoid mark-ers. The differential diagnosis include paraganglioma, malignant melanoma and metastatic carcinoma. Few PEComas of the head and neck behaved in an aggressive fashion with distant or loco-regional metastases and died of disease-related causes, it should be regarded as tumors with a malignant potential.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of surround electroacupuncture in relieving pain after operation for mixed hemorrhoids. Method Seventy-two patients with mixed hemorrhoids were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 36 cases in each group. The two groups both received the corresponding interventions once in 15 min after the operation: the treatment group received electroacupuncture treatment, and the control group was only placed in a simulated environment of electroacupuncture but without receivimg any needling treatment. The pain intensity was evaluated by using Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 11 different time points after the treatment: once every 1 h in 8 h after the treatment, once at the first defecation, once respectively 24 h and 48 h after the treatment. The data were statistically analyzed afterwards. Result At 3 h and 4 h after the treatment and at the first defecation after the treatment, the VRS scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05); respectively at 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, and 8 h after the treatment and at the first defecation, the Wong-Baker scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05); respectively at 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, and 8 h after the treatment, at the first defecation, as well as at 24 h after the treatment, the VAS scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05); it indicates that the pain intensity of the treatment group should be lower than that of the control group at the above time points, and the analgesic effect in the treatment group lasts a longer time, running a lower risk of losing effectiveness compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Real-time acupuncture treatment after the operation is significantly effective in relieving pain after operation for hemorrhoids.

This study was aimed to compare and investigate protective effects of metformin and rosiglitazone on cardiac dysfunction in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) model rats. The experimental DC rat model was induced by feeding high calorie diet plus single intraperitoneal injection of small dosage of streptozotocin (STZ). Then, intragastric administration of metformin (140 mg·kg-1) or rosiglitazone(2 mg·kg-1) was given to DC rats for consecutive 6 weeks. Parameters of general signs, eating amount, blood sugar, blood lipids, heart function, heart structure and lipometabolism of myocardial tissues were measured. The results showed that both metformin and rosiglitazone can obviously improve the myocardial injury of DC model rats and reduce the CK value (P < 0.01). Metformin can obviously increase the cardiac output of DC model rats (P < 0.01). Rosiglitazone can improve the maximum rate of myocardial contraction and diastole of the model rat's left ventricle (P < 0.05). Both metformin and rosiglitazone can decrease interventricular septal thickness (IST) value (P < 0.01). Metformin can obviously im-prove general signs of DC rats, inhibit body weight loss and reduce water intake (P < 0.05). Metformin can obvi-ously reduce the blood sugar level (FBG, GSP, HbA1c and FMN) of DC rats (P < 0.05, or P < 0.01) as well as the concentration of TG (P < 0.01). Rosiglitazone can reduce the concentration of FBG and HbA1c (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, rosiglitazone can significantly reduce the concentration of TG and LDL as well as obviously increase the myocardial FA-β-oxidase (P < 0.05). It was concluded that both metformin and rosiglitazone can recover the cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury of DC rats on certain level. Metformin showed more effects on eating amount and body weight improvements of DC rats.

This study was aimed to observe the influence of Catalpol on real-time gait analysis of early recovery after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in rats to evaluate its effect on the improvement after cerebral ischemia. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were the normal control group, model group, Tianbaoning group, Catalpol 15, 30, 60 mg·kg-1 group. Rats were trained on the gait instrument for 7 days before pMCAO, 3 times/day. After the training, pMCAO model was made. And continuous infusion was performed from the 3rd to the 14th day after the operation. Then, the real-time gait behavior was detected on the 14th day. The re-sults showed that 14 days after the surgery, compared with the normal control group, the models had a significant extending in the duty cycle (P < 0.01), and obvious increasing of the average body angle of absolute value (P <0.05), the shortening of the two feet supporting time (P < 0.05), and extending of three feet supporting time (P <0.01), and increasing of the coordination index (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the Catalpol of 30 mg·kg-1 and 60 mg·kg-1 group has obviously decreased duty cycle and average body angle of absolute value (P <0.05, or P < 0.01). The Catalpol of 30 mg·kg-1 can obviously reduce the coordination index of the right front foot relative to the other three feet (P < 0.05), which improved the coordination of cerebral ischemia animals. It was concluded that Catalpol can improve the real-time gait behavior changes of cerebral ischemia model rats. There-fore, Catalpol have a neural protective effect on cerebral ischemia.

Objective To explore the relationship between the gait behavior changes and cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice .Methods 16 APP/PS1 transgenic mice were divided into model group and Huperzine A group, C57/BL6J mice with the same age were chosed as control group .After a 150 days consecutive treatment , Morris water maze(MWM) was used to detect the learning and memory ability and Gait analysis system (GAS-2) was used to detect the gait behavior after the treatment when the mice were 8-month-old.Results The escape latency of the model group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P <0.05 ) , the time spended in the target quadrant , swimming distance in the target quadrant significantly lower than that of the control group ( P <0.05 ) , the first time passing through the platform prolonged significantly than the control group (P <0.05), and the number of passing though the platform reduced significantly than the control group (P <0.05).In the gait behavior experiments , compared with the control group, the average walking speed of the model group reduced significantly (P <0.05), the average walking cycle, the absolute average body angle and lateral movement increased significantly (P <0.05);The percentage of support time in a walking cycle of the left and right foot increased significantly (P <0.05).Accordingly, the percentage of swing time in a walking cycle of the left and right foot reduced significantly (P <0.05).The propulsion index of the left hand , right hand, right foot increased significantly ( P <0.05), and then the braking index of the above three feet decreased significantly ( P <0.05) .Huperzine A can improve the cognitive function , rectify the changes in the gait behavior .The two behavioral relevance shows that cognitive function and the front two feet braking , propulsion index have a high correlation index (correlation coefficients were -0.433, -0.379, P values were 0.039,0.079), the others were not. Conclusion APP/PS1 transgenic mice of 8-months-old have a remarkable impairment of learning and memory ability and disorder of gait behavior , and these two behaviors have a correlation in some extent .

Objective To establish experimental vascular dementia rat model and evaluate gait behavior . Methods Vascular dementia rat model induced by bilateral carotid artery ligation methods , 50 days for real-time gait behavioral training and testing after surgery .Results Compared with the sham group , Experimental vascular dementia model rats had 19 gait indicators appeared significantly statistical difference , Animal model gait abnormal behavior is mainly reflected in the forelimb step width increased (P <0.05), each foot walk cycle extension (P <0.05), Each foot stance time increased (P <0.05, P <0.01), and the swing time shortened (P <0.05), Homologous coupling shortened (P<0.05), each foot average footprint area and average intensity increased (P <0.05, P <0.01).Conclusion Experimental rat model of vascular dementia in real time gait abnormal behavior and seen in patients with clinical symptoms similar, can provide a reference model for the establishment and judgment .

Objective To evaluate the effects of baijin capsule on behavioral changes and monoamine neurotransmitters concentration in chronic unpredictable mild stress ( CUMS ) depression rat model.Methods The depression rat model was induced by11-week chronic unpredictable mild stress combining with solitary.After the model were established, rats were given the decoction of baijin capsule ( 12.6 g/kg, 4.2 g/kg, 1.4 g/kg ) or fluoxetine hydrochloride (3.5 mg/kg) by intragastricfor 4 weeks.During the experiment period, sucrose consumption and open-field experiment were conducted to monitor the behavior of rats, such as sucrose consumption percentage, horizontal motion, and vertical motion.At the end of the experiment, the levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were analyzed by method of high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemistry.Results Compared with the normal group, the weight, horizontal displacement distance, vertical movement times, and sucrose consumption percentage of rats in model group decreased significantly after stimulated with CUMS and solitary for 7 weeks (P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with model group, consecutively administrated for 4 weeks, horizontal displacement distance, vertical movement times, and the percentage in sugar water consumption significantly increased with the treatment of baijin capsule (P<0.05, P<0.01).Meanwhile, the content of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the cortex were significantly increased in rats of the baijin capsule ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusions The results indicated that baijin capsule improved the behavioral disturbances in depression rat model, which were related to enhancement of the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in the cortex.