Objective To explore the impact of social support and perceived stigma on depression for people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods A total of 114 patients recruited into our study. Date were collected by Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Social Supporting Rating Scale (SRSS) and Berger HIV Stigma Scale (BHSS) for patients. Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 7.0 software was used to conduct the path analysis. Results The total score of patients′depression, SRSS and BHSS were (52.22± 10.28), (29.09±5.98), (109.02±14.59) points, and there was correlation between the three (r=0.425-0.676, P<0.05). Social support revealed direct effects on depression and affected depression indirectly via BHSS.The paths′ total coefficients was-0.47. BHSS as intermediary variable between social support and depression, the paths′ total coefficients was 0.64. Conclusions The level of depression, SRSS and BHSS were not fine for HIV/AIDS. Depression are directly affected by SRSS and BHSS, BHSS has a greater moderating effect on these relationships. Interventions developed on the basis of influencing factors of depression should be applied to improve patients′depression status.

0.05). The satisfied rate of cosmetic results of the former breast were 81.4%, compared with the latter (P

Objective To investigate the relationship between the brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with the ca‐rotid arterial intima‐media thickness(IMT) and carotid artery plaque in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and to analyze the related risk factors causing atherosclerosis .Methods A total of 426 patients with T2DM were collected and conduct the records of baPWV ,carotid artery ultrasound ,biochemical index detection andrelated risk factors record .The correlation between baPWV with carotid arterial IMT was analyzed .The patients were divided into the abnormal group and normal group according to the baPWV results .The carotid artery IMT ,carotid artery plaque and related risk factors were compared between the two groups . Results The DM duration ,systolic blood pressure ,diastolic blood pressure ,pulse pressure ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ,number of atherosclerosis risk factors had statistically significant differences between the two groups (P< 0 .05 ,P<0 .01);while the age ,waist circumference ,BMI ,uric acid ,HDL‐C ,TG ,TC ,glycosylated hemoglobin had no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P>0 .05) .The detection rate of plaque by carotid artery ultrasound had no statistically signifi‐cant difference between the two groups(P>0 .05);but the statistically significant difference was found in the number of plaque be‐tween the two groups(P<0 .01) ,the abnormal group was obviously more than the normal group;the normal IMT ratio had statisti‐cally significant difference between the two groups(P<0 .05) ,the normal group was obviously higher than the abnormal group .The IMT value had statistical difference between the two groups(P<0 .01) ,which in the abnormal group was significantly thickened compared with the normal group .The analysis of correlation between baPWV and IMT showed that IMT was positively correlated with baPWV(r=0 .228 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion T2DM patients with reduced arterial elasticity could complicated with the obvious thickening of carotid arterial IMT and increase of plaque number .Combining baPWV with carotid arterial ultrasound examination can better conduct the arteriosclerosis evaluation .

AIM: To explore the possibility that proteasome is involved in nicastrin(NCT) degradation and NCT is ubiquitinated before degradation.METHODS: Following the generation of NCT stable cell lines,the methods of Western blotting,pulse-chase metabolic labeling technique,double immunofluorescent staining,combined with proteasomal inhibition were used to investigate the NCT expression in NCT stable cell line.RESULTS: Treatment of the cells with proteasomal inhibitors significantly increased both endogenous NCT(produced by the cell itself) and exogenous NCT(produced by the gene transfection) in SH-SY5Y cells.The effect of specific proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin on NCT expression was in time-and dose-dependent manners.Pulse-chase metabolic labeling experiment showed that the turnover of newly-synthesized radio-labeled nicastrin protein was blocked by lactacystin.The results of double immunofluorescent staining showed that NCT and ubiquitin were co-located in the cells.CONCLUSION: The proteasome is involved in the degradation of NCT in neuronal cells,and NCT is ubiquitinated before degradation.

AIM: To examine the effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: By using the suture model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of CCK-8 and proglumide, nonselective CCK receptors antagonist, on the infarct size, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in different brain regions of rats subjected to 1 h focal cerebral ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion. RESULTS: (1) pretreatment with different doses of CCK-8 (0.3 ?g,1.0 ?g,2.0 ?g or 4.0 ?g) could attenuate the infarct size, but the statistically significant effects of CCK-8 were obtained only at the doses of 1.0 ?g and 2.0 ?g(P

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of intra-lamellar orbicularis dissecting micro-traumatic double eyelid surgery for the treatment of adolescent upper eyelid trichiasis. Methods Three cutaneous micro-incisions following intra- and sub-lamellar orbicularis dissections were performed and the deep orbieularis and suborbicularis fat pad between the intended eyelid crease and 1 mm above the eyelid margin were resected. The subcutaneous orbicularis was fixed to the exposed levator aponeurosis at the medial, center and lateral regions. For the quantitative analysis, the entire eyelid margins' eyelashes were equally divided into three sections and the eyelashes lift-up angle (LA), the body curl-up angle (BC) and the end curl-up angle (EC) were compared before and after surgery in each section, respectively. Results One hundred and fourteen eyes of 57 cases were followed up during 24-30 months. Compared to the LA before surgery and 2 years after surgery, it was changed from (26.37±9.67)° to (55.42± 10.03)° in section Ⅰ , and from (22.03±11.64)° to (50.03±10.02)° in section Ⅱ , and from (25.31±8.01)° to (64.05±8.33)° in section Ⅲ. There were no significant changes of BC and EC during following-up. Con-clusions For the adolescent upper eyelid trichiasis, the intra-lamellar orbicularis dissecting micro-trau-matic double eyelid surgery could acquire satisfactory aesthetic appearance and stable eyelashes'position at the same time.

Objective To describe the method and clinical result of super sural neuromusculocutaneous flap grafting plus catheter irrigation in the treatment for chronic lateral malleolus osteomyelitis. Methods From March 2000 to March 2008, 17 cases, male 14, femal 3, 21 to 75 years old (average 43-year-old),were underwent reversed saphenous musculocutaneous island flap after wide excision of lateralmalleolus lesion. The cause of lateral-malleolus lesions was trauma. The smallest flap was 5 cm× 6 cm and the largest was 7 cm × 11 cm. Catheter irrigation was used in all cases. Results Follow-up ranged from 12 to 96 months, average 49 months. After operation, the wounds were irrigated with sensitive antibiotics 1 to 2.5 months(average 49 days), and all flaps were survived. Except 2 cases, the other 15 were healed in 1 month.The 2 cases were not healed at first stage. According to the lab result,we changed the antibiotic, and in 2.5 months, we took off the catheter. Conclusion To deal with the chronic traumatic lateral-malleolus osteomyelitis, super sural neuromusculocutaneous flap grafting plus catheter irrigation is approprite and effective.

Objective To investigate the values of clinical examinations and ultrasonography in diagnosing acetabular labrum injury . Methods Fifty-three hip dysfunction patients consisting 60 hips were enrolled in this research ,include 46 unilateral hips and 7 bilateral hips . Patients underwent physical examinations such as impingement test ,FABER test and resisted straight leg raise test ,then they underwent ultrasound examitation to observe the morphology ,boundry and internal echo of the labrum . The types of tears were classified into radial flaps( Ⅰ type) ,radial fibrillated( Ⅱ type) ,longitudinal peripheral( Ⅲ type) and unstable ( Ⅳ type) by Lage Classification system .The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application values of the sonographic findings and clinical examinations according to arthroscopic or intraoperative findings as gold standard in diagnosis of labral tears of the hip ,as well as evaluate the accuracy in diagnosis the type of tears . Results ① The sensitivity ,accuracy and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of acetabular labrum tears by sonography were 81 .1% ( 47/58) ,78 .3% ( 47/60) and 95 .9%( 47/49 ) . And the sensitivity , specific , positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of anterosuperior labrum tears by sonography were 95 .9% ( 47/49) ,81 .8% ( 9/11) ,95 .9% ( 47/49) ,81 .8% (9/11) ;the accuracy of sonographic in diagnosis the types of tears was 92 .3% ( Ⅰ type) ,90 .9%( Ⅱ type) ,80 .0% ( Ⅲ type) and 86 .7% ( Ⅳ type) respectively ; ② The accuracy of clinical examinations in diagnosing acetabular labrum tears were 89 .5% ( impingment test) ,60 .0% ( FABER test) and 75% ( resisted straight leg raise test) ;sonographic has a higher veracity in diagonoses of anterosuperior labrum tears than any clinical examinations . Conclusions Sonographic can efficiently diagonose anterosuperior labrum tears , and would be highly used in classified the types of labrum tears .

Background and purpose:In recent studies, the Notch-1 gene has been found to play an important role in the development of human glioblastoma.Short interfering RNA(siRNA) was used to silence the Notch-1 gene and block its expression.The objective was to determine whether siRNA targeting Notch-1 would inhibit the formation and growth of tumors in nude mice that modeled human glioblastoma.Methods:The human glioblastoma cell line TJ905 were first cultured and transfected with Notch-1 siRNA or nonsense siRNA by OligofectamineTM.The TJ905 cells were divided into 3 groups:the Notch-1 siRNA transfected group, nonsense siRNA transfected group and the control group.Each group's cells were subcutaneously injected into 5 nude mice.The nude mice(males, 3-4 weeks old) were given subcutaneous injections of either 0.2 mL of transfected siRNA or with normal TJ905 cells suspended at a 1?107 cells/mL concentration in a DMEM medium without serum.One week later, when the tumors were palpable, they were directly injected with the Notch-1 siRNA complex, nonsense siRNA complex, or PBS every 4 days for 20 days.Tumor sizes were measured every 3 days and calculated by the formula:volume(mm3) =1/2 length?(width)2.After a 20-day follow-up period, the mice were exterminated.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of Notch-1 gene.Results:The final tumor volume was less in nude mice injected with Notch-1 siRNA(1 203?206) mm3 compared mice injected with the nonsense siRNA injection(2 241?401) mm3, P