0.05), while strychnine and naloxone obviously lengthened the sleeping time of the mice injected with thiopental sodium (P

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pediatric ovarian torsion (OT).Methods Ultrasonography was performed in 38 OT,and 52 non-OT children.Bilateral ovarian area was measured.The larger area was defined as S1,whereas,the smaller area was defined as S2.S1/S2 ratio was calculated.Follicles around ovaries,ovarian blood flow,and pelvic effusion were also observed during the ultrasonographic scanning.ROC curve was employed to evaluate the clinical value of ultrasonography in pediatric OT diagnosis.Results ①S1/S2 ratio,incidence of follicles around ovaries and of no ovarian blood flow were all higher in OT compared to non-OT children (P =0.000).While pelvic effusion showed no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.004).②Using S1/S2 ratio to diagnose OT,the area under the ROC curve was 0.925 (0.865-0.986),the best cutoff point was 1.6,sensitivity was 97％ and specificity was 88％.Patients were divided into two groups based on the cutoff point of 1.6,the area under the ROC curve of S1/S2 was 0.924(0.847-0.969),of follicles around ovarian was 0.896(0.781-0.931),and of no ovarian blood flow was 0.911 (0.831-0.961),indicating S1/S2 held the highest diagnostic value.Conclusions Ultrasonography is an accurate method in the early diagnosis of pediatric ovarian torsion,with S1/S2 ratio holding the highest diagnostic value in this application.

To disscuss the role of cross‐sectional area measurement under high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( CA H ) in infants . Methods T he abdominal ultrasound images of 20 infants with CA H w hich were admitted to our hospital and clinical diagnosised from November 2013 to August 2018 were analyzed retrospectively . T he size of adrenal glands were evaluated by measuring the maximum cross‐sectional area .Fifty normal full‐term infants were selected as control group synchronism . T he size of adrenal glands between infants with CA H and normal infants were compared . T he area under the curve ( AUC ) and best cutoff value were obtained by drawing ROC curve .Sensitivity and specificity were also obtained . Results T here was significant difference in maximum cross‐sectional area of adrenal gland between CA H group and control group[ ( 129 .70 ± 37 .34) mm2 vs ( 54 .41 ± 20 .84) mm2 , t ＝10 .004 , P ＝0 .001] . T he AUC of cross‐sectional area measurement was 0 .966 ,and best cutoff value was 87 .5 mm2 . T he sensitivity and specificity were 95 .0% and 92 .5% . Conclusions High‐frequency ultrasound is convenient and accurate in measuring the maximum cross‐sectional area of adrenal gland in infants . Cross‐sectional area measurement has high sensitivity and specificity to the diagnosis of CA H . T he presence of CA H is highly suspected w hen the area of adrenal gland reached 87 .5 mm2 .

Objective:To investigate and compare the value of cross-sectional area measurement and width measurement by high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in infants.Methods:The abdominal ultrasound images of 20 infants who were diagnosed as CAH in Tianjin Children′s Hospital and clinical diagnosised from November 2013 to August 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The maximum cross-sectional area of adrenal gland and the maximum width of single limb were measured respectively to assess the size of adrenal gland. Fifty normal full-term infants were selected as control group at the same period. The differences of maximum cross-sectional area of adrenal gland, the maximum width of single limb between CAH group and control group were compared. ROC curve was plotted to compare the diagnostic values of cross-sectional area measurement and width measurement.Results:①There was significant difference in maximum cross-sectional area of adrenal gland between infants with CAH and normal infants[(129.47±37.39)mm 2 vs (54.42±20.85)mm 2; t=10.004, P<0.001]. There was significant difference in maximum width of adrenal gland between infants with CAH and normal infants [(4.56±1.20)mm vs (3.25±0.66)mm; t=5.445, P<0.001]. ②The area under ROC curve(AUC) of cross-sectional area measurement was 0.966, the best cutoff value was 87.5 mm 2, the sensitivity was 95.0%, and the specificity was 92.5%. AUC of width measurement was 0.817, the best cutoff value was 5.25 mm, the sensitivity was 90.0%, and the specificity was 62.5%. The difference of AUC between cross-sectional area measurement and width measurement was 0.149, which was statistically significant ( Z=2.309, P=0.021). Conclusions:Both cross-sectional area measurement and width measurement by high frequency ultrasound have diagnostic values for CAH in infants, with the former more valuable than the latter.

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of mangiferin against oxidative stress injury of myocardial cells induced by hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）， and its effects on the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 4（NFATc4）. METHODS H9c2 myocardial cells were cultured in vitro and divided into blank group， H2O2 group， and 50， 100， 150 μmol/L mangiferin groups. Mangiferin groups were treated with different concentrations of mangiferin for 12 h， and then were subjected to H2O2 （200 μmol/L） stimulation for 12 hours together with the H2O2 group； relative survival rate was detected in each group， and the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT） and malondialdehyde （MDA） in cell supernatant and reactive oxygen species （ROS） in H9c2 cells were measured. Meanwhile， the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins [B cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl- 2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， cleaved caspase-3] and nuclear protein NFATc4 were determined. Furthermore， the NFATc4 interference sequence was transfected， and the effects of NFATc4 on oxidant stress indexes and apoptosis-related proteins in H2O2- induced myocardial cells were investigated. RESULTS Compared with blank group， relative cell viability， the levels of SOD and CAT， relative expression of Bcl-2 were decreased significantly， while the levels of MDA and ROS， relative expressions of Bax， cleaved caspase-3 and nuclear protein NFATc4 were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the H2O2 group， the above indexes of 100 and 150 μmol/L mangiferin groups were reversed significantly （P＜0.05）. After the transfection of the NFATc4 interference sequence， the expression of nuclear protein NFATc4 was down-regulated significantly； the levels of MDA and SOD， the protein expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were all decreased/down-regulated significantly， while the levels of SOD and CAT， and the protein expression of Bcl-2 were all increased/up-regulated significantly， compared with H2O2 group （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Mangiferin can relieve H2O2-induced oxidative stress of H9c2 cells， reduce the apoptosis and inhibit the nuclear translocation of NFATc4， thereby alleviating myocardial cell damage； reducing the nuclear level of NFATc4 protein is related to reducing H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.