Objective To study the characteristics of satellite nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the treatment methods by transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods Forty one cases of massive HCC and single nodular HCC proved by pathology underwent the examination of spiral CT and angiography for observing the characteristics of satellite nodules. All the patients were treated by TACE and the results were analyzed. Results The satellite nodules were found in 17 out of 41 cases by CT and/or angiology of which 10 were hypervascular and 7 hypovascular. The satellite nodules located within 1 cm from the margin of the main HCC in 11 out of 17 cases. In the treatment of TACE, the tip of catheter was located on the proximal end of feeding artery of tumor so that the embolization area included the area of satellite nodules. After 6-19 months follow up, 5 patients were complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) in 17 cases but no progressive patients were found. Conclusion The satellite nodules extensively exist in HCC and can be effectively treated using reasonable methods.

Objective　To evaluate the diagnostic value of MR I、CT、DSA for cerebral arteriovenous malformation(AVM). Methods　A total of 40 case of AVM were examined with imaging methods in which 19 MRI, 30 CT and, 12 DSA. Combination of two or three kinds of eximinations were perfo rmed in 20 and 4, respectively. Results　Diagnostic accordance r ate rate of CT was 70%, sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 100% and 84% res pectiv ely, diagnostic accordance rate of DSA was 92%. Conclusion　MRI,CT,D SA can play important roles in the diagnosis of AVM. MR and DSA are superior to CT. DSA could reveal the circulation time and the stealing blood situation of AV M and thus suggests the applicability of interventional embolization therapy.

Objective To obtain a stably inherited Sprague-Dawley rat model of congenital umbilical hernia by in-breeding, and to observe the structure of umbilical hernia and treat it surgically.Methods Congenital umbilical hernia rats were fostered by full-sib mating.The birth number and umbilical hernia quantity were recorded, and the umbilical hernia rate of rats was analyzed.Six female and 6 male rats with congenital umbilical hernia of 6-month aged F2 generation were selected randomly, among which 2 female and 2 male rats were examined anatomically, and the rest rats underwent surgical suture. Results The umbilical hernia rate was increased along with the increasing inbreeding coefficient, and the rats of F12 and F13 generations were all with congenital umbilical hernia.The umbilical hernia rate in female rats was significantly higher than that in male rats based on the total number of rats from F1 to F13 generation (c2 =11.1, P=0.001).Female and male rats had the same structure of umbilical hernia, and all rats recovered 3-4 weeks after surgery without recurrence.Conclusion After 13 consecutive generations of full-sib mating, a rat model of congenital umbilical hernia with stable genetic properties is successfully established.

Objective:To explore the cognition of undergraduates on advance directives in a medical universi -ty, and to analyze the affect factors on cognition status of advance directives .Method: Total 594 undergraduates were selected by stratified cluster random sampling and this study conducted a face to face interview using self -de-signed questionnaire .Results: The cognitive status on advance directives was poor .This study found the inde-pendent variables of the gender , religion, the self-reported health, the average monthly living expenditure , the survival time and quality choice and the type of health insurance were the effect factors (P<0.05).Conclusion:the undergraduates′cognitive status on advance directives was poor in this medical university , and we need adopt relevant measures to improve the cognitive of undergraduates on advance directives .

Objective To investigate methods and feasibility of percutaneous regional isolated hepatic perfusion combined with charcoal hemoperfusion(PRIHP-CHP).Methods Four out of 12 dogs underwent the procedure of routine transhepatic arterial infusion(TAI) as control group, 8 underwent PRIHP-CHP as experimental group. Adriamycin was used in our study, the concentration of plasma in hepatic vein and systemic vein was detected in both groups. Results All the procedures were successful in the PRIHP-CHP group eight, but 1 dog died because of air embolization. The average procedure duration for each was (132.3?15.3) minutes. The peak level of adriamycin concentration in hepatic vein and systemic in TAI were (3709.676?385.723) ng/ml and (1576.140?226.933) ng/ml respectively. In PRIHP-CHP, the peak level were (4653.420?430.204) ng/ml and (433.612?40.501) ng/ml. There were statistically significant differences between TAI and PRIHP-CHP (?

Objective To assess the clinical value of volume helical shuttle (VHS) of highdefinition CT (HDCT) in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD).Methods Forty-three patients suffering from CHD were examined with VHS of HDCT and echocardiography (ECHO).Twenty-four patients (21 children,3 adults) received surgery.Based on surgical data,the diagnostic accuracy of CHD by VHS of HDCT was compared with that by ECHO with respect to the intra-cardiac lesion,extra-cardiac lesion and hemodynamics.The visibility of the origin and proximal course of coronary arteries was also evaluated on VHS.CT effective doses were calculated,using mSv =DLP × K. Results Thirty-six intra-cardiac deformities were found by operation,and the diagnostic accuracy of both VSH and ECHO were 100.0％ (36/36).VHS successfully detected 42 of 44 (95.4％) cardiac-vascular connection and large vascular deformities,whereas ECHO only detected 26 (59.1％ ).The right-to-left shunt and left-to-right shunt of septal defects revealed by VHS were 5 and 6 patients respectively,which all coincided with the results of ECHO.Fourteen bi-directional shunt of septal defects were detected by ECHO,and 13 of them were diagnosed as right-to-left shunt by HDCT except an illegibility in 1 patient.The origin and proximal course of coronary arteries were all visible on VHS.Effective dose for children was (3.38 ± 1.86) mSv,and for adults was ( 10.27 ± 2.59) mSv.Conclusions VHS of HDCT scan is advantageous in the diagnosis of CHD.It can depict the intra- and extra- cardiac structures as well as coronary arteries and provide hemodynamic information.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare aspirin-β-cyclodextrin-PLGA microspheres,and control its quality. METHODS:Aspirin-β-cy-clodextrin inclusion complexes were firstly prepared,and then aspirin-β-cyclodextrin-PLGA microspheres were prepared by emul-sion-solvent evaporation method. The morphology and particle size of microspheres were detected,and entrapment efficiency and accu-mulative release rate were calculated. With entrapment efficiency as index,orthogonal test was adopted to optimize stirring speed,PVA concentration,PVA volume and feed ratio. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows as stirring speed of 4 000 r/min,PVA concentration of 3%(g/100 ml),PVA volume of 30 ml,feed ratio of 1∶10. Prepared microspheres were round and smooth in appear-ance. Entrapment efficiency of the microspheres was (41.79 ± 1.09)%. The diameter were regular and ranged 0.5-127.5 μm. As drug-loaded microspheres degraded,the release of aspirin was slow and its accumulative release rate was 83%within 600 h. CONCLU-SIONS:Aspirin-β-cyclodextrin-PLGA microspheres are prepared successfully with regular morphology and good sustained-release.

Objective To assess the value and feasibility of 64-slice spiral CT in diagnosis of coronary artery aneurysm in the follow-up of young children with previous Kawasaki disease. Methods Twelve boys (mean age 5.1 years) for follow-up (ranged 1.1 to 5.1 years) with known Kawasaki disease and coronary artery aneurysms underwent coronary CT angiography using 64-slice spiral CT.The number,location,shape and size of each coronary artery aneurysm were recorded and compared with those of echocardiography performed simutaneously. Results A total of 30 coronary artery aneurysms were identified with mean diameter of(7.5±3.8) mm,and mean maximum length of (12.4±9.1) mm.10 aneurysms were small in size,7 aneurysms were medium in size and 13 were giant aneurysms.Fourteen aneurysms were saccular,and the remaining 16 were fusiform. Among the aneurysms in left coronary artery,7 of them were located in the main branch,9 were located in the proximal segment of the anterior descending branch,4 were located at the middle segment of the anterior descending branch,and 2 were located in the circumflex branch.Among the aneurysms in right coronary artery,6 of them were located in the proximal segment,9 were located in the middle segment,and 4 were located at the distal segment.Nine of the aneurysms involved 2 segments of the coronary arteries,and one involved 3 segments.Six stenotic segments were found. Calcification was found in 5 aneurysms and 3 of them had thrombosis. Echocardiography failed to detect 8 aneurysms of small size and located in the middle or distal segments of the coronary arterys.Conclusion The 64-slice CT angiography proved valuable for monitoring young children with Kawasakidisease.

Objective To study the imaging manifestations and characters of infectious atypical pneumonias.Methods The imaging materials of 80 cases of infectious atypical pneumonias which were proved by clinical were collected, the characters of imaging manifestations were analysed.Results The abnormal appearance of lung appeared after fever occured, the average time was 2.3 days. The most appearance was high density patchy and was found in every lung field. The multiple focuses were 43.8% in all the cases. The focuses changed fast. CT could have some help in early diagnosis and prognosis observation of infectious atypical pneumonias. Conclusion Medical imaging can play important part in the diagnosis and determining the treatment effect of infectious atypical pneumonias.

Objective:To investigate the incidence, drug sensitivity and drug resistance characteristies, and theraputic effect of staphylococcal peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP), aim to provide clinical evidences for standardizing treatment therapy of staphylococcal PDAP. Methods:Clinical data of PDAP patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Jilin University, the First Hospital of Jilin University-the Eastern Division, Jilin Central Hospital and Jilin First Automobile Work General Hospital during January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019 were retrospectively collected. The results of etiology, drug sensitivity and drug resistance of staphylococcal PDAP patients were collected. According to the pathogenic bacteria, patients were divided into staphylococcus aureus group ( n=48) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus group ( n=232). According to the results of methicillin resistance, patients were divided into drug-resistant group ( n=71) and drug-sensitive group ( n=30). The prognosis of antibiotic therapy in each group were compared. Poisson regression was used to test the changing trend of the incidence of staphylococcal PDAP. The changes of drug sensitivity and drug resistance of staphylococcus were compared between 2013 and 2019 by linear trend χ2 test. Results:A total of 1 085 cases of PDAP occurred in 625 patients were screened, and 280 cases of staphylococcal PDAP were finally included. The incidences of staphylococcal PDAP, staphylococcus aureus PDAP and coagulase-negative staphylococcal PDAP were 0.063 times per patient year, 0.010 times per patient year and 0.053 times per patient year respectively. In addition, the incidence of PDAP caused by staphylococcus, staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus decreased year by year (all P<0.05). With the change of years, the sensitivity rate of staphylococcus to rifampicin increased, while the sensitivity rate of staphylococcus to moxifloxacin decreased (both P<0.05). The drug resistance rate of staphylococcus to levofloxacin increased ( P<0.05). The staphylococcus aureus group was more prone to refractory PDAP and catheter removal than that in coagulase-negative staphylococcus group, and the recurrence rate was higher than that in coagulase-negative staphylococcus group (all P<0.05). The proportion of vancomycin used during the whole course of antibiotic therapy in drug-resistant group was higher than that in drug-sensitive group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of staphylococcal PDAP decreases year by year, and the drug sensitivity characteristics of staphylococcus also change. The therapeutic outcomes of staphylococcus aureus PDAP are worse than that of coagulase-negative staphylococcus.