By the routine electron microscopy the ultrastructure of the epididymis of 10 rats is studied.Except the principal cells,there is no significant difference in the ultrastructure of the other cell types of the epididymal epithelium between segments.The principal cell shows the ultrastructural characteristics of secretion and absorption.However,the ultrastructural characteristics of the principal cells in the proximal epididymvs show more tendency to absorbent and that in the distal epididymis show more tendency to secretory.Further-more it is observed that some halo cells are surrounded by small cells which possess long processes.Some or a few number of clear cells in the caudal epididymis contain some crystaloid inclusions in their basal cytoplasm.The presence of the fenestrated capillary in the peritubular tissue is also found.The meaning of the ultrastructures mentioned above is discussed.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of selective salpinography(SSG)and fallopian tube recanalization(FTR). Methods 215 patients with Infertilis Feminis were performed with hysterosalpinoraphy(HSG)SSG and FRT. Anti-infection and physical therapy were then undertaken postoperatively. Results The successful rates of properly performed catheterization and recanalization reached 92.8% and 90.2%, respectively. During the follow-up of six years, 98 cases(51.3%)obtained the ability of intrauterine pregnancy. Conclusions HSG and FTR are simple, reliable, symptomless, very effective for treatment of ovarian tube infertility.

Objective To assess the effect of the gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for acoustic neuromas, and to analyze the MRI features of the tumors after GKS. Methods GKS was performed in 309 patients with acoustic neuromas from December 1994 to December 2002 at our center. The Leksell Gamma Knife models B and C were used. 249 cases with 256 tumors were followed up with MRI, which included 107 males and 142 females. The median age of the patients was 48.7?14.2 years (10-77 years). GKS was applied as primary treatment for 189 cases (75.9%), and was an adjunctive management approach for 60 cases (24.1%). The median clinical follow-up period and radiological follow-up period was (26.4?21.3) months (6-101 months) and (22.4?19.0) months (6-93 months), respectively. Results Of the 256 tumors, 79 tumors (30.8%) regressed, 165 tumors (64.5%) remained stable, 12 tumors (4.7%) enlarged, and the overall tumor control rate was 95.3%. Among 30 tumors of NF-Ⅱ , 8 tumors (26.6%) regressed, 19 tumors (63.4) remained stable, and 3 tumors (10.0%) enlarged, and tumor control rate was 90%. The rate of hearing deterioration was 22.7%, the rate of permanent facial paralysis was 0%, the rate of transient facial paralysis was 5.9%, and the incidence of transient trigeminal neuropathies was 19.9%. On the image of follow-up MRI, 79 tumors (30.0%) showed loss of contrast enhancement (LOE). LOE was the imaging property of neuromas on follow-up MRI, which symbolized a chronic decrease in the vascularity of neuromas. The histological findings of LOE demonstrated radiation-induced tumor necrosis. The transient swelling of tumors could not be confounded with the growth of tumors. Conclusion GKS is confirmed to be an effective treatment for acoustic neuromas and plays an important role in the control of NF―Ⅱ, and GKS can prevent cranial nerve from injury to a great extent.

Objective To study the profiles and function of small RNA (sRNA)gene during chondrogenesis in rats so as to clarify the mechanisms of chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation.Methods All the sRNAs were identified from the female SD rats femoral head cartilages at three time points:at birth,ablactation and maturation,and three sRNA libraries were constructed.The Solexa sequencing and the bioinformatics analysis were employed to be blasted with the genomes of SD rats.Results The perfect match reads in the three libraries were screened out,which were correspondent to the 21 7 921 (41.23%),1 96 650 (38.74%)and 245 436 (41.54%)unique sRNA sequence,respectively.The percentages of 20-24 nt sRNA were 71.94% (d0),72.85% (d21),and 86.39%(d42).Half of clean sequences were 22 nt sRNA.The distribution characteristics of the reads were in line with the high-quality sRNA.More than 62% clean reads were from mature miRNA while the ratios in the three libraries were only 0.69%,0.78% and 0.63%.About 60% of the unique sRNA could not be matched with miRBase20.0 or Rfam9.1.Conclusion The distribution model of miRNA in the three libraries indicates that the miRNAs with different functions or from different sources are involved in the regulation of chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation in bone development and formation.

Objective To explore the correlation and role of E2F3 gene,miR-17-5p and miR-20a in the cell lines of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. Methods The plasmids of pcDNA3.1-HA-E2F3 and pAAV-siRNA-E2F3 were used to overexpress and knockdown E2F3.The mimics of miR-17-5p,miR-20a and their anti-miRNA oligonucleotides were used to overexpress and screen miR-17-5p and miR-20a.The expression levels of E2F3 gene,miR-17-5p and miR-20a were detected by quantitative real-time PCR,and E2F3 protein were detected by Western blot. Results When E2F3 was overexpressed,the 2- △△Ct of miR-17-5p and miR-20a were 2.26 ± 0.30 and 4.04 ± 0.51,it was statistically significant to compared with control (P ＜ 0.05) ; when E2F3 was knockdown,the 2 △△Ct of miR-17-5p and miR-20a were 0.49 ± 0.02and 0.65 ± 0.04 (P ＜ 0.05) ; when miR-17-5p and miR-20a were overexpressed simultaneously,the level of E2F3 mRNA was significantly decreased,the average E2F3 protein gray scale was 55.31 ± 7.89,the control was 103.67 ± 13.61 (P ＜ 0.05 ) ; when miR-17-5p and miR-20a were knockdown simultaneously,the E2F3 mRNA was significantly increased,the E2F3 protein gray scale was 295.68 ± 19.25,the control was 103.67 ± 13.61 ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions miR-17-5p and miR-20a could be up-regulated by E2F3 gene,and the E2F3 gene could be down-regulated by miR-17-5p and miR-20a.The regulatory feedback loop of E2F3 gene,miR-17-5p and miR-20a exists in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. The loop maybe plays a key role in the development of bladder cancer.

Objective The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the role of surgery in the management of limited-stage-Ⅱ small cell lung cancer.Methods A retrospective review of 82 patients with limited-stage Ⅱ small cell lung cancer between January 2001 and December 2009 was performed.The prognostic impact of different therapy and the clinicopathologic factors were analyzed.Using SPSS 16.0 statistical software for data analysis.Log-rank test for the difference of survivale rate.Using the Cox model for muliti-factor survival analysis.Chi-square test for local recurrence and distant metastasis rate.Results The overall median survival time and the 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 27.0 months,62.1％,35.9％,and 21.0％,respectively.Median survival was 34.0 months in surgical patients vs 16.0 months in nonsurgical patients (P =0.000).Median survival after lobectomy or pneumonectomy was significantly longer than after wedge resection (P =0.048).However,survival after wedge resection was still significantly longer than survival in nonsurgical patients(P =0.024).Survival analysis confirmed that the operation,chemotherapy and radiotherapy were showed to be independent prognostic factors.The local-regional recurrencer rates of lobectomy or pneumonectomy group was lower than wedge resection group(P =0.030).The distant metastasis rates of lobectomy or pneumonectomy group was lower than nonsurgical grou (P =0.021).Conclusion This study suggests that lobectomy or pneumonectomy combined with adjuvant radio-chemotherapy should be recommended for patients with limited-stage Ⅱ small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of prednisone combined with human immunoglobulin(pH4)for intra-venous injection in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. METHODS:85 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were divided into control group(42 cases)and observation group(43 cases). Control group received 1.6 mg/(kg·d)Predni-sone tablet,orally,for continuous 4 weeks;observation group received 400 mg/(kg·d)human immunoglobulin(pH4)for intravenous injection,intravenous injection,for continuous 5 d,then 1.6 mg/(kg·d)Prednisone tablet,orally,for continuous 4 weeks. All pa-tients were given Adrenal color hydrazone tablet,Vitamin C tablet and other conventional treatment. Clinical efficacy,platelet number, T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+,CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+,CD19+),TNF-α,IL-6 before and after treatment,time of platelet number reached normal and reached peak value,peak value of platelet number and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were ob-served. RESULTS:The total effective rate and peak value of platelet number in observation group were significantly higher than control group,time of platelet number reached normal and reached peak value were significantly shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in platelet number,T lymphocyte sub-sets,IL-6 and TNF-αlevel in 2 groups(P>0.05);after treatment,platelet number,CD3+and CD3+CD4+in 2 groups were significant-ly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,IL-6,TNF-αlevel,CD3+CD8+and CD19+were signifi-cantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Prednisone com-bined with human immunoglobulin(pH4) for intravenous injection shows better efficacy than prednisone alone in the treatment of idio-pathic thrombocytopenic purpura,it can increase platelet number,adjust immune function,and do not increase the incidence of ad-verse reactions.

Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) with fixed frequency, width and gradually increased peak value of voltage was applied to 30 healthy rabbit liver tissues. The specific aims were to explore the feasibility of establishing a model of in vivo PEFs distribution in healthy rabbit liver tissues and to provide important references for clinical electrochemotherapy and for electrotransfer. Repeated experiment and self-comparison statistics design were implemented. The rabbit underwent the experiment under intravenous anesthesia and their liver tissues, after exposure to PEFs, were sent for HE staining. Necrotic borderline was visible 3 days after PEFs application, the necrotic shape of concentric circle was evident around the electrodes under optical microscope at lower voltage, as voltage increasing, two necroses in the shape of concentric circle gradually enlarged; nuclei with chromatin condensation, fragmentation and lysis alterations were seen in the middle region between the needles; concentric circles changed into ellipse fusiform and finally overlaped each other forming irregular necrosis contours. Cell cavitation and tissues ischemia were also observed within electric field. The shape of tissue necrosis from the experiment was noted to correlate with theoretic simulation of electric field distribution. Therefore, rabbit liver tissues can be a good carrier for in vivo modeling of electric field distribution when the lethal effects of PEFs in tissues are investigated. PEFs also show safety for the surrounding normal tissue while causing damage or injury to the target area therapeutically.
Animals ; Electricity ; adverse effects ; Electrochemotherapy ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Necrosis ; Rabbits

This study sought to evaluate the effect of steep pulsed electric fields (SPEFs) on the immune response of Wistar mice inoculated with Walker256 sarcoma. Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group (group A, inoculated with Walker256 sarcoma, not treated), treatment group (group B, inoculated with Walker256 sarcoma, treated by SPEFs), and normal control group (group C, inoculated with normal saline, not treated). Tumor size was measured before and every 3 days after treatment by vernier caliper. MTT methods were used to assess the lymphocytes proliferation and the natural killer (NK) cells activity. TNF-a activity was measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing the SPSS10.0 software package. The experiment results revealed that tumor growth was significantly inhibited in group B as compared with group A (P < 0.01), and that lymphocytes proliferation, NK cells activity and TNF-a activity in group B were not significantly different from those in group C (P = 0.953, P = 0.130, P = 0.080, respectively) but markedly higher than those in group A (P < 0.05). The results also showed that SPEFs could not only kill tumor cells but also induce antitumor immune response and improve the immune function of the host efficiently.
Animals ; Carcinoma 256, Walker ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Female ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Leukocytes ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pulse ; Random Allocation ; Spleen ; cytology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis

Objective To investigate the correlation between the prognostic nutritional index(PNI) and the clinicopathologic features of patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to compare postoperative complications and survival between patients with High-PNI(H-PNI) and Low-PNI(L-PNI) after operation.Methods This study retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records of 216 patients underwent surgery between July 2010 and December 2011 who were pathologically dignosed with NSCLC.Among these,127 patients with H-PNI,and 89 patients with L-PNI.The clinicopathologic features,median survival time and 5-year survival rates between two groups were analyzed.Results Patients in the L-PNI group had greater pathologic TNM stage,larger tumors,lower Serum albumin levels,and greater percentage of chemotherapy than those in the H-PNI group(P ＜ 0.05).The H-PNI group was associated with significantly fewer postoperative complications than the L-PNI group (P ＜ 0.05).For the patients with H-PNI,the MST was 61.6 months an the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS were 91.3 ％,80.1％,and 74.1％,respectively.For the patients with L-PNI,the MST was 49.9 months and the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS were 82.0％,63.5％,and 53.5％,respectively.There was significant difference in survival between the two groups(P ＜ 0.05).TNM staging and PNI were showed to be independent prognostic factors.Conclusion Different PNI of NSCLC has certain heterogeneity.Patients with H-PNI show better survival and lower postoperative complications rate than those with L-PNI.