Autophagy is a highly conservative biological behavior in eukaryotic cells. This dynamic process involves "wrapping" cytoplasmic components and combining with lysosomes in cells for catabolism. The catabolic effect of autophagy can eliminate toxic substances in cells, maintain homeostasis in the intracellular environment, and produce small molecules, such as amino acids, which nourish cells, thereby allowing them to survive. Autophagy can inhibit the occurrence of tumors by maintaining homeostasis in the intracellular environment. However, it can promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of malignant tumor cells. Autophagy can regulate the microenvironment of tumor cells and has an important role in a series of processes, such as anoikis, tumor dormancy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Anoikis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasms

Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) is a novel antineoplastic agent emerging in recent years. The advent of HDACi has provided new options for the treatment of malignant tumors, parasitic and inflammatory diseases. HDACi, as single agent or in combination with other drugs, has a considerable prospect in the treatment of hematological malignancies. The use of HDACi in the treatment of hematological malignancies will be summarized in this paper based on the reports in the 58th ASH Annual Meeting.

Objective To observe the analgesic effects of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) and continuous infusion of morphine into epidural space(CIEA) after suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy. Methods Seventy-five patients undergoing suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy were randomly assigned to PCIA group,CIEA group and control group. In PCIA group, 2 0mg/h morphine as a recommended dose would be injected intravenously by the patient through a self-controlled analgesic delivery system in which another 1 mg morphine could be injected whenever patient felt pain until the pain relieved. The lockout time was 20 minutes. In CIEA group, 0 08 mg/h morphine was injected into epidural space. 50～75mg of pethidine was injected whenever the control group patients felt pain. VAS(vision simulate score), frequency and duration of bladder spasm, discontinuance time of bladder irrigation and BP were observed. Results The CIEA and PCIA group were superior to the control group with characteristics of stable analgesic effect, shorter duration and lower frequency of bladder spasm and shorter time of bladder irrigation(P0 05); but the PCIA group had longer gastrointestinal function recovery time(P

This article summarizes the high risk factors and the progress of prevention in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.It is beneficial for early intervention and reducing the morbidity and mortality of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Objective To explore whether portal vein injection of small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) could inhibit CTGF expression in rats liver in vivo and prevent rats hepatic fibrosis. Methods Twenty four male rats were equaly divided into four groups. Rats received subcutaneous injection of 40% CCl4 (3 ml/kg) together with portal vein injection of saline every three days for 6 consecutive weeks were served as model group; CCl4 together with portal vein delivery of siRNA (0.1 mg/kg) as preventive group; CCl4 for 2 weeks followed by CCl4 and CTGF siRNA for more than 4 weeks as curative group, and only intraportal injection of saline as control group. Portal vein pressure in all rats at 3 days after the last CCl4 injection were measured, and blood and hepatic tissue from rats were harvested. Serum concentration of transaminases, hyaluronic acid(HA) and procollagen type Ⅲ (PⅢNP) were measured. Expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in rats liver was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Inflammation and fibrosis in rats liver was analyzed by H-E and Sirius red collagen staining. The fibrotic area was measured quantitatively by a computer-aided manipulator. Results Compared with model group, the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in liver in both preventive and curative groups were markedly down-regulated. Inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis in hepatic tissue was significantly attenuated. In addition, the serum concentration of transaminases, HA and PⅢNP were greatly reduced. The fibrotic areas in preventive, curative and model groups were 5.8%?0.8%, 7.2%?0.9% and 12.3%?0.8%,respectively (P

Objective To investigate the changes in Bcl-2-associated athanogene 1(BAG-1)expression,and the mechanism of nuclear translocation in rat alveolar macrophages(AMs)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and dexamethasone(Dex).Methods Primary culture AMs treated by LPS and Dex were divided randomly into three groups:6h group,2h group and 24h group.The BAG-1 expression in AMs was detected with Western blot.The interactions between BAG-1 and glucocorticoid receptor(GR)were detected with immune co-precipitation.The changes in GR expression in nuclear protein were evaluated with Western blotting after transfection of RNA interference recombinant plasmids(named psilencer 3.1-GR)targeting to GR gene.Results The expression of BAG-1L in total protein increased,and that of BAG-1S showed no changes.Only BAG-1L,with no BAG-1S,was detected in nuclear protein,and its expression increased gradually in 24h.Interaction between BAG-1L and GR was found in nucleolus after treatment.After transfection of plasmids psilencer 3.1-GR,the BAG-1L expression in nuclear protein decreased significantly compared with that of non-transfection group(P

Objective To explore the syndrome distribution laws of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (RITP), and the relevance between various syndromes and gender, age, laboratory indicators, to reveal the essence of TCM syndrome and provide a reasonable and standard TCM treatment principle. Methods TCM syndrome, gender, age and laboratory indicators of 75 cases of RITP were studied retrospectively and analized statistically. Results Qi deficiency and blood stasis is the major syndrome, and Yin deficiency is the secondary syndrome. Compare with others, the patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were older, and had longer disease courses and more severe conditions. Conclusion One of TCM intervention treatment principles for RITP is invigorating qi and yin, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Objective To study the relationship among p53 gene mutation, apoptosis and cellploidy as well as to explore the role of mutated p53 gene in tumorigenesis. MethodsA total of 85 speci-mens (20 normal ovarian specimens, 20 ovarian benign tumors, 20 non - metastatic carcinomas and 25metastatic carcinomas) were chosen． p53 gene mutations were detected by PCR- SSCP (single strand con-formation polymorphism). Cell ploidy, apoptosis role of carcinoma cells and cell distribution in each cellstage were detected by flow cytometry. Resultsp53 gene mutation and non- mutation of ovarian carci-noma was 60% and 40% respectively ( P >0.05). The rate of apoptosis of carcinoma cells with mutationof p53 gene (20.25%) was much lower than that without p53 mutation (41.68%, P <0.05). Aneuploidcarcinoma cells had been found in 17/23 carcinoma specimens with p53 gene mutation and 8/22 carcinomaspecimens without p53 mutation ( P < 0.05). Aneuploid carcinoma cells metastasize more easily thandiploid carcinoma cells ( P < 0.05). The rate of apoptosis was not different between aneuploid and diploidpatients. ConclusionMutation of p53 gene decreases the apoptosis rate of ovarian carcinoma and maypromote tumorigenesis. Cell ploidy had a linkage with p53 gene mutation, but not with cell apoptosis.

In this paper an expert system for remote fault diagnosis in the ship lift was developed by analysis of the fault tree and combination with VPN. The fault tree was constructed based on the operation condition of the ship lift. The diagnosis model was constructed by hierarchical classification of the fault tree structure, and the inference mechanism was given. Logical structure of the fault diagnosis in the ship lift was proposed. The implementation of the expert system for remote fault diagnosis in the ship lift was discussed, and the expert system developed was realized on the VPN virtual network. The system was applied to the Gaobaozhou ship lift project, and it ran successfully.

Objective To determine the effect of tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF ?) on p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) in vitro Methods HPMEC was isolated and cultured in vitro Expression and activation of p38 MAPK were detected by western blot and immune complex kinase assay Results TNF ? induced phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK in HPMEC in a time/dose dependent manner which was suppressed by SB203580,a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK Conclusion TNF ? plays a important role in activation of p38 MAPK and signal transduction in HPMEC