In the basis of a large amount of literatures, this article sumed up the characteristics and application of eggshell membrane.

To study the effect of Wansheng Huafeng Dan (WSHFD) and mercuric chloride on renal mercury (Hg) extraction transporters (Oat1, Oct2), renal mercury excretion transporters (Mrp4, Mate2K), renal mercury accumulation and kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1). The ancient prescription of WSHFD containing 10-fold Hg caused much lower renal mercury accumulation and renal toxicity than HgCl2 in rats, with less effect on renal transporters than HgCl2. The above indicators had no significant difference in WSHFDO, WSHFD2 and WSHFD3 groups, indicating no effect of WSHFD with reduced or no cinnabar.
Animals ; Ardisia ; chemistry ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mercuric Chloride ; metabolism ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Practical ability training is one of the core tasks during the education for master of public health (MPH).We got a deeper understanding of practical ability cultivation situation for MPH in our school and got a more accurate recognition of the existed problems through conducting questionnaire for three grades MPH of professional degree and related tutors.We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing mode and reflected on curriculum design,teaching method reform and practical ability training reform,etc based on the results of the questionnaire and years of experiences.

BACKGROUND:Hemiarthroplasty is a proven method for reconstruction of the hip joint function, especialy for the elderly patients who cannot tolerate the total hip arthroplasty. However, for the patients with osteoporosis, there are stil more controversial in clinical practice about using cemented or cementless femoral prosthesis for hemiarthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To observe the repair effect of cemented or cementless femoral prosthesis when were used for hemiarthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. METHODS:The clinical data from 105 patients treated with hemiarthroplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in these patients using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before surgery.Patients were divided into bone cement group (n=56) and cementless group (n=49) depending on different types of femoral stem prosthesis. The difference of efficacy between cemented or cementless femoral prosthesis when were used for hemiarthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis was analyzed by comparing the operative time, volume of drainage, post-operative Harris scores of hip joint function and radiographic assessment (prosthesis subsidence, osteolysis, severe stress shielding, heterotopic ossification) during the folow-up after the replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the process of hemiarthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis, the operative time in the cement group was significantly longer than that in the cementless group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the postoperative volume of drainage between these two groups (P > 0.05). At the 1, 3, 6 and 12 of folow-up after replacement, there were no significant differences in the Harris score of hip joint function, total effective rate and radiographic assessment between these two groups (P> 0.05). These results suggest that in the process of hemiarthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis, the clinical efficacy of cementless femoral prosthesis is similar to the cement femoral prosthesis, therefore two prostheses can al be selected; however, the operative time of the cement femoral prosthesis is longer than the cementless femoral prosthesis, so we can give priority to the cementless femoral prosthesis for patients with osteoporosis who can’t tolerate a long operative time because of the poor basic condition.

OBJECTIVETo establish osteoblast model, primary cilla model was removed by chloral hyrate, observe effects of osteoblast primary cilla moved on enhancing ALP staining and calcified nodules staining in electromagnetic field.

METHODSThree 3-day-old male SD rats weighed between 6 and 9 g were killed, cranial osteoblast was drawed and adherencing cultured respectively. Cells were subcultured and randomly divided into 4 groups until reach to fusion states. The four groups included chloral hydrate non-involved group (control group), 2 mM, 4 mM and 8 mM chloral hydrate group, and cultured in 37 °C, 5% CO2 incubator for 72 h. Morphology of primary cilla was observed by laser confocal scanning microscope, and incidence of osteoblast primary cilia was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Cells in the correct concentration group which can removed cillia most effectively were selected and divided into 3 groups, including control group (C), Electromagnetic fields group (EMFs), and EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group. DMEM nutrient solution contained 10%FBS were added into three groups and cultured for 9 days and formation of ALP were observed by histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase. After 12 days' cultivation, formation of mineralization nodes was observed by alizarin red staining.

RESULTSCompared with control group and 2mM chloral hydrate group,4 mM chloral hydrate group could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilla (P<0.01). Removal of osteoblast primary cilla could weaken the formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast in EMFS. Compared with EMFs group, the area of ALP and mineralization nodes in EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group were decreased obviously (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION4mM chloral hydrate could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilia. Primary cilla participate in EMFs promoting formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast and provide new ideas for exploring mechanism of EMFs promoting osteoblast maturation and mineralization.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloral Hydrate ; pharmacology ; Cilia ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiology ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUNDThe mechanisms underlying postoperative pain remain unclear. Neurotransmitters of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids play an important role in the transmission and modulation of pain in the spinal dorsal horn. This study aimed to investigate the changes of release of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the spinal cord during postoperative pain and to provide a novel theoretical basis for postoperative pain management.

METHODSLoop microdialysis catheters were implanted subarachnoidally via the atlanto-occipital membrane in 16 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. All rats without neural deficits were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, following 5 days of recovery. The tubes for microdialysis were connected and 25 microl microdialysate sample for baseline value was collected after one-hour washout in each rat. A plantar incision in the right hind paws of rats in Group A were performed under 1.2% isoflurane. All rats in Group B were only anesthetized by 1.2% isoflurane for the same duration. The microdialysate samples were collected at 3 hours, 1 day, 2 days and 3 days after the incision (or isoflurane anesthesia in Group B) in both groups. The cumulative pain scores were also assessed at the above time-points. The amino acids in the microdialysate samples were tested using high performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTSWithin Group A, the release of aspartate and glutamate at 3 hours after the incision was significantly higher than the baseline values and the release of glycine at 1 day after the incision significantly increased compared with the baseline values (P < 0.01). Within Group B, the release of neurotransmitters at each time point had no significant difference compared with the baseline values (P > 0.05). The release of aspartate and glutamate at 3 hours after the incision in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group B (P < 0.01). The release of glycine at 1 day after the incision in Group A significantly increased compared with Group B (P < 0.01). The cumulative pain scores at 3 hours, 1 day and 2 days after the incision in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe release of the excitatory amino acids occurs in the early phase of postoperative pain and might not be involved in the maintenance of pain in a rat model of incision pain. The release of inhibitory glycine lagged behind the excitatory amino acids. The implication of inhibitory glycine release remained to be established further.

Animals ; Aspartic Acid ; secretion ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; cerebrospinal fluid ; secretion ; Glutamic Acid ; secretion ; Glycine ; secretion ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; secretion ; Pain, Postoperative ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; secretion

OBJECTIVETo study the role of herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) in facial paralysis by developing an experimental animal model of viral facial paralysis.

METHODSBoth sides of posterior auricular branch of facial nerve were anatomies and incised in 66 mice. The HSV-1 was inoculated into right ear branch and fetal bovine serum was inoculated into left ear branch as control. The symmetry of mouse face was observed and scored. The temporal bones were serially sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The extratemporal facial nerves were stained with osmium tetroxide. HSV-1 DNA in bilateral facial nerve, brain stem, trigeminal ganglion and spinal cord was detected by the polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSTwenty-eight (42. 42%) mice developed right facial paralysis between 2 and 5 days after inoculation. Continuing 3-6 days, the facial paralysis recovered spontaneously. Thirty-eight mice had no signs of facial paralysis. Compared with the left, nerve swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration were manifested in right temporal facial nerve of paralyzed mice. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the facial nerve to the facial canal ( FN/FC ) was significantly higher than that on the control side (P < 0.01). Demyelinated nerve fibers were seen in the right extratemporal facial nerve. Not only in paralyzed mice, but also in non-paralyzed mice, HSV DNA was detected in some nerve tissues.

CONCLUSIONSInoculating HSV-1 into posterior auricular branch of facial nerve can produce an acute and transient facial paralysis in mice. The possible pathophysiologic mechanism of the facial paralysis is viral invasion and transportation from distal branch to main trunk. Then the viral facial neuritis causes facial paralysis.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Facial Nerve ; virology ; Facial Nerve Diseases ; virology ; Female ; Herpes Simplex ; physiopathology ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Objective To investigate the roles and mechanisms of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) in chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) induced gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM).Methods After the immortalized gastric mucosal epithelial cells GES-1 were stimulated with CDCA at different concentration,the changes of HNF4α,caudal-related homeobox 2 (CDX2) and trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) expressions at mRNA and protein levels in GES-1 cells and gastric cancer cell lines (AGS,SGC7901 and BGC823) were detected by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.After GES-1 were transfected with HNF4α short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or control shRNA,and followed by CDCA stimulation,the expressions of HNF4α,CDX2 and TFF3 at protein level were determined by Western blotting.HNF4α was overexpressed in GES-1 cells and SGC7901 cells,and HNF4α was silenced in BGC823 cell line and AGS by lentiviral vector system.The expressions of HNF4α,CDX2 and TFF3 at mRNA and protein levels were tested by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the regulation role of HNF4α on CDX2.T test was performed for statistical analysis.Results The expressions of HNF4α in GES-1,SGC7901,BGC823 and AGS cells at mRNA level were 1.00 ± 0.12,263.01±10.23,848.01±18.13 and 3 049.86±91.75,respectively.The mRNAlevels of HNF4α in AGS,BGC823 and SGC7901 cells were all higher than that of GES-1 cells,and the differences were statistically significant (t=33.23,46.72 and 25.62,all P＜0.01).The expressions of HNF4α in GES-1,SGC7901,BGC823 and AGS at protein level were consistent with mRNA level.The expressions of CDX2 and TFF3 at protein level of HNF4α shRNA transfected group were lower than those of non-HNF4α shRNA transfected group.In GES-1 cells,the expressions of HNF4α,CDX2 and TFF3 of HNF4α overexpressed group at mRNA level were 16 281.839 ± 1 843.017,6.275 ± 0.137 and 17.310± 1.533,respectively;which were all higher than those of overexpressed control group (1.000 ± 0.048,1.000 ± 0.012 and 1.000±0.108,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t =8.83,38.29 and 10.61,all P＜0.01).In AGS cells,the expressions of HNF4α,CDX2 and TFF3 of HNF4α silenced group at mRNA level were 0.021 ± 0.001,0.088 ± 0.007 and 0.074 ± 0.002,respectively,which were lower than those of silenced control group (1.000 ± 0.108,1.000 ± 0.131 and 1.000 ± 0.122),and the differences were statistically significant (t=9.09,6.93 and 7.57,all P＜0.01).In GES-1 overexpressed cells and AGS silenced cells,the expressions of HNF4α,CDX2,TFF3 at protein level were consistent with mRNA level.In double reporter plasmid containing the CDX2 promoter CDX2 1 (-2 000～-1 bp) and CDX2-2 (-1 510～1 bp),after transfected with HNF4α shRNA,the activities were 0.387 ± 0.013 and 0.533 ± 0.040,respectively,which were lower than those of HNF4α shRNA transfected control group (0.605 ± 0.012 and 0.882 ± 0.019),and the differences were statistically significant (t =21.49 and 13.53,both P＜0.01).Conclusion HNF4α may be involved in bile acid induced intestinal metaplasia by upregulating the expression of CDX2.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical components of essential oils from Meconopsis oliverana and their antioxidant activity.

METHODThe essential oil was extracted by steam distillation, and GC-MS analysis was used to identify its constituents. The OH free radical scavenging activity of the essential oils was evaluated with an enzyme mark instrument by assay of the ability of DPPH free radical scavenging. BHT was used as positive control.

RESULTForty-seven compounds, account for 91.866% of the essential oils, were identified. The ability of scavenging OH and DPPH radicals of the essential oils is stronger than that of BHT.

CONCLUSIONThe main chemical constituents of the essential oils from M. oliverana are n-hexadecanoic acid (27.653%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (16.330%). And the essential oils showed strong antioxidant activity.

Antioxidants ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene ; metabolism ; China ; Fatty Alcohols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Free Radical Scavengers ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Hydroxyl Radical ; metabolism ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Palmitic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of low frequency and high frequency tympanometry in the diagnosis of middle ear function of infants.

METHODSTympanometries with 226 Hz, 678 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tones were obtained from infants aged 5-25 weeks with normal ABR (15 infants, 30 ears) and those with prolonged Wave I latency suggesting middle ear dysfunction (17 infants, 20 ears) using GSI Tympstar middle ear analyzer.

RESULTSThe type, peak pressure, peak compensated static acoustic admittance and gradient of 226 Hz tympanometry were of no significant differences between two groups. The pattern of 678 Hz tympanograms for admittance, susceptance and conductance included non-peaked, single-peaked, W-shaped and three-peaked type in both groups. The consistency between auditory brainstem response (ABR) and 678Hz tympanometry for admittance, susceptance and conductance were 70.0%, 58.0%, 64.0% (kappa = 0. 324,0. 234,0. 118) respectively. A single peaked tympanogram was typical in normal infants for 1000 Hz admittance, susceptance and conductance tympanograms and there were 28 ears (93.3%), 25 ears (83.3%) and 26 (86.7%) respectively. Tympanogram without any positive peak was the most characteristic for a probe frequency of 1000 Hz in infants with prolonged wave I latency and there were 15 ears (75%), 17 ears (85%) and 13 ears (65%) respectively. For admittance, susceptance and conductance, the consistency between 1000 Hz tympanometry and ABR were 90.0%, 92.0% and 86.0% and kappa were 0.783, 0.831 and 0.690, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry was accurate diagnostic tests for middle ear function in infants younger than 25 weeks of age, while 226 Hz and 678 Hz probe tone tympanometries were not.

Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Ear, Middle ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; physiology ; Female ; Hearing Tests ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Male