Objective:To establish a sensitive and fast HPLC method for determining cucurbitacin IIa in rat plasma and investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics after intravenous administration. Methods: The analysis was performed on a Dikma Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) at 35℃ with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (45∶ 55, v/v) and the UV detection at 212 nm. The plasma samples were collected after intravenous administration at different time points and measured by HPLC. The pharmaco-kinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2. 0 software. Results: The calibration plot of cucurbitacin IIa was linear over the range 0. 146-14. 060 μg · ml-1 . The range of method recovery was 99. 02%-104. 22% and that of extraction recovery was 84. 74%-86. 80%. The intra-and inter-day precision were both less than 5%. The stability met the requirements. The main pharmacokinetic pa-rameters were showed as follows:t1/2β(h):0.732 ±0.151, 0.681 ±0.055,0.667 ±0.064;Vd (L·kg-1):0.147 ±0.089, 0.131 ±0.095,0.153±0.047; Cl(L·h-1·kg-1): 0.287±0.031,0.304±0.063,0.318±0.029andAUC0→∞(mg·h·L-1):3. 646 ± 1. 124,4. 916 ± 1. 227,9. 385 ± 1. 419. Conclusion: The validated method is successfully applied in basic pharmacokinetic study in rat plasma after intravenous administration. The plasma concentration-time curves at three dosages are all fitted three-compart-ment model. Within the examined dose range, the pharmacokinetics of cucurbitacin IIa in rat is based on linear pharmacokinetics.

Objective:To study the application of herbs of National TCM Master Li Jiren on treating atrophy with deficiency syndrome. Methods:By collecting 195 cases of atrophy-disease treated by Professor Li in Out-patient Medical Record System dated from January 2013 to December 2018, and FP-Growth computing paradigm was used to analyze frequency, FP-Growth enhanced computing paradigm was used to analyze the frequencyand association of symptoms and herbal pairs. Professor Li’s experience was accordingly summurized with clinic situation and Traditional Chinese Medicine theory. Results:There are 121 main symptoms among 195 selected cases, and amyotrophy (79 times), decreased muscle strength (69 times), difficulty in walking (52 times), weakness of upper extremities (43 times) and poor sleeping quality (33 times) rank the top 5 symptom. In terms of tongue manifestations, the color pink, pale, red and purple are the most; while in terms of pulses, weak, thread, deep and stringy were frequent. A total of 159 sorts of herbs were collected and Astragali Radix (140 times), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (103 times), Cistanches Herba (93 times), Psoraleae Fructus (87 times), Morindae Officinalis Radix (81 times) were the top 5. The herbs used are mainly with the function of tonifying deficiency, dispelling wind and dampness promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasisand. most of the herbs belong to liver, kidney and spleen meridians with warm character, sweet and bitter in taste. Association analysis between high-frequency herbs indicated that Astragali Radix is the core of most formulas, which conformed to Li’ s clinical experience. Three prescriptions were also obtained through cluster analysis. Conclusion:Professor Li treated atrophy diseases with deficiency syndrome by the unique idea of strengthening primordial qi and consolidating body resistance of Xin’an Medicine school. On the ground of using herbs to tonify, synergy of herbs, which were able todispel pathogenic wind, dredge channels and promote blood circulation for removing blood stasis, was achieved based on differentiation.

Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy on acute kidney injury after liver transplantation.Method Fifty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups:sham group,orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) group,sirolimus pretreated (SRL) group and 3-methyladenine pretreated(3-MA) group.OLT model was established.Then the rats were sacrificed at 6 h after reperfusion.The renal function and the extent of oxidative stress relative proteins malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed.The levels of apoptosis relative genes caspase-3 and cyt c and the expression of autophagy relative proteins were detected.The pathological changes were microscopically examined in renal tissues.TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells.Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the ultrastructure changes of tubular epithelial cells.Result As compared with sham group,OLT and 3-MA groups showed a serious renal injury including cellular vacuolization,loss of brush borders,and a significant rise in BUN,Cr and MDA,while a decrease in SOD activity.The levels of caspase-3 mRNA and cyt c rnRNA were increased significantly.Whereas compared to OLT and 3-MA groups,renal function and oxidative stress levels in SRL group ameliorated,and histopathologic damage and apoptosis alleviated after OLT.Simultaneously,the levels of caspase-3 mRNA and cyt c mRNA were decreased.The expression of beclin-1 and LC3-]Ⅱ was effectively upregulated.Conclusion Autophagy could alleviate acute kidney injury after liver transplantation through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis.

China ; Humans ; Occupational Health Services

Accidents, Occupational ; Construction Industry ; Humans ; Occupational Health

Cardiomyopathies ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To conduct an empirical analysis of constitutes and changes of type 2 diabetes patients′ hospitalization expenses and find out the differences and influencing factors so as to provide hospitals and related departments with the decision basis of controlling medical costs, arranging medical resources and optimizing systems.Methods Information of type 2 diabetes patients who had been admitted to a certain first-class grade one hospital in Ningxia from 2013 to 2016 were collected and categorized.Hospitalization costs and influencing factors of the patients were comprehensively analyzed through descriptive statistics, variance analysis and regression analysis.Results The medicine and examination costs as the constitutes of hospitalization expenses were too high.Gender, length of stay, age and diabetic complications were main contributory factors of type 2 diabetes patients′ hospitalization expenses.Conclusion The costs of hospitalization of patients with type 2 diabetes are unreasonable and need to optimize.Type 2 diabetes patients′ hospitalization expenses should be effectively controlled and medical resources should be reasonably used through standardizing treatment behavior, shortening length of stay, intensifying publicity and education, enhancing prevention and reinforcing follow-ups, expanding health insurance coverage and upgrading its level.

Objective One typical case with stress cardiomyopathy was reported and the current knowledge of the syndrome was reviewed to improve relevant knowledge.Methods A 71-year-old female patient presented dyspnea and chest pain due to emotional stress.ECG,echocardiography,selective coronary artery angiography,left ventriculography,~(99)Tc~m-MIBI single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT),~(18)F-FDG SPECT and MRI were performed.Results Electrocardiogram at admission showed ST segment elevation and T wave inversion in leads V1—V4.Pathological Q wave occurred 1 week later,it disappeared 1 month later however and severe T wave inversion occurred.Normal or slightly elevated cardiac enzymes in the blood were found during the course.Left ventriculogram at admission showed left ventricular apical ballooning with LVEF of 30%.The ballooning volume was about 3/4 of left ventricular volume, without any corresponding coronary artery diseases found in coronary angiogram.The abnormal apical ballooning decreased significantly in the follow-up left ventriculogram performed one month later.The LVEF rose up to 63.6%.~(99)Tc~m-MIBI and ~(18)F-FDG SPECT showed mismatch of perfusion and metabolism in the corresponding region,indicating presence of viable myocardium.MRI showed left ventricular apical ballooning without perfusion defect and late enhancement,indicating viability of corresponding myocardium. Conclusions Emotional stress can cause transient left ventricular apical ballooning called"stress cardiomyopathy".Either ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI SPECT associated with ~(18)F-FDG SPECT or delayed enhancement MRI plays an important role in identification of myocardial viability,which can efficiently guide clinical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the value of intermittent splenic artery occlusion in the treatment of iatrogenic splenic injury and the cause of ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods Experimental animals using dogs were divided into experimental group and control group according to whether the splenic artery was blocked.The animal model of iatrogenic splenic injury was established by general anesthesia.Experimental group was treated with intermittent splenic artery blockage combined with gelatin sponge oppression of the wound to stop bleeding.The first time of splenic artery occlusion was 15 min and continued for 10 min and for another 5 rmin if still bleeding.Then hemostatic effect after removing blocking and oppression was observed.Control group was only treated with gelatin sponge compression to stop bleeding.Blood samples and tissue samples were collected before blocking and after reperfusion for 2 hours in experimental group,and before compression and relieving the compression for 2 hours in control group.IL-1 (interleukin),SOD (superoxide disproportionation enzyme),MPO (myeloperoxidase),MDA (malondialdehyde) and caspase-3 (aspartame acid cysteine protease) were detected.Results The control group still had bleeding,while the experimental group had successfully stopped bleeding.Serum markers before and after occlusion in the experinental group were IL-1 (124.4 ± 106.8 vs.121.2 ± 105.1),SOD (4.7 ± 2.7 vs.5.2 ± 1.8) and MDA (8.8 ±6.5 vs10.8 ±7.5).There were no significant differences on serum markers in two groups after occlusion/oppression including IL-1 (121.2 ± 105.1 vs.162.8 ± 73.8),SOD (5.2 ± 1.8 vs.4.7 ± 2.8) and MDA (10.8 ±7.5 vs.9.6 ±6.6) (P＞0.05).Histological indicators before and after occlusion in the experimental group included MPO (0.62 ±0.23 vs.0.68 ±0.21) and Caspase-3 (0.90 ±0.29 vs.0.86 ± 0.26),and there was no statistical difference on MPO (0.68 ±0.21 vs.0.86 ±0.23 after two sets of experiments) and Caspase-3 level (0.86 ± 0.26 vs.1.21 ± 0.18) (P ＞ 0.05) in two groups after occlusion/ oppression.Conclusion The therapeutic effect of intermittent splenic artery occlusion combined with gelatin sponge compression hemostasis is safe and effective and without obvious ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective To explore the key signaling pathways and molecules of bone sialoprotein (BSP) to promote proliferation and differentiation of preosteoclasts RAW264.7. Methods RAW264.7 cells were treated with BSP and the inhibitors of signaling pathway molecules. MTS and TRAP staining kits were used to evaluate the effects of proliferation and differentiation. The activity assay kits of Calcineurin, AKT, JNK, ERK and p38 were used to detect their activities. Results Inhibiting ERK and p38 can inhibit cell proliferation induced by BSP significantly, while inhibiting AKT, Calcineurin and PI3K can reduce the role of promoting the differentiation by BSP. With increasing treatment time of BSP, the activity of Calcineurin in RAW264.7 cells increased. Furthermore, the activity of AKT was maximum at 48 h after treated with BSP, while the activity of JNK, ERK and p38 were maximum at 24 h after treated with BSP. Conclusions BSP mainly regulates the ERK and p38 of MAPK pathway to promote RAW264.7 cell proliferation, and regulates AKT, PI3K and Calcineurin pathways to promote RAW264.7 cell differentiation.