In recent years, preoperative therapy has become the standard procedure to improve radical resection rate and local control for advanced rectal cancer. Tumor responses to chemoradiotherapy, however, vary considerably, thus increasing the demand for both functional and morphologic radiologic evaluation of response to chemoradiotherapy to distinguish responders from nonresponders. MR imaging is considered the most accurate tool for the primary staging of tumor extent, and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy. Functional imaging modalities including DW-MRI and PET-CT have shown promising prospect in the early evaluation of the response of rectal cancer to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. However, wide clinical application will take some time.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the effect of high-fat diet(HFD) on redox states of duodenum and calcium absorption in mice,and to analyze the relation between them.Method Fifty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups.The control group consumed an ordinary diet(0.6% Ca,w/w),and other four groups were fed with HFD(19.64%lard,0.6% Ca),HFD plus 0.1% lipoid acid(LA),HFD with calcium supplement(1.6%Ca) and HFD with 1.6% Ca and 0.1% LA supplement.Calcium apparent absorption was measured by mineral balance study after feeding for 8 w.Plasma and duodenum levels of ROS,SOD,CAT,MDA,GSH/GSSG,and T-AOC were measured to evaluate the antioxidant status.Results HFD induced oxidative stress of duodenum and decrease of intestinal calcium absorption in mice.There were positive correlations between calcium apparent absorption with GSH/GSSG(r=0.801,P

PNS (Panax notoginseng saponins) is the main medical bioactive component in Panax notoginseng. The medical value of PNS cannot be extended because of its low production. With the deep study of saponins biosynthetic pathway, the control of PNS biosynthesis through metabolic engineering has gradually become possible. In this study, the Squalene synthase (SS) over-expression vector was established. By the way of agrobacterium-mediated method, the vector was transfered and integrated into the Panax notoginseng genome. The result of the PCR detection and the saponin content detection shows that over-expression SS is able to produce high level of Panax notoginseng saponins, and confirms the regulatory function of SS in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng. It provides a theoretical basis and technical basis for the construction of PNS homologous or heterologous efficient expression system in the future.

Objective To investigate the changes in femoral gene expression profiles in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) via clustering analysis of DNA microarray.Method Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice (4w old) were randomly assigned to two groups,8 in each,after 4-d ordinary diet for adaptation.The control group was fed with an ordinary diet,and the HFD group with HFD(19.5% lard).All mice were sacrificed at the end of 12w and the femoral gene expression was detected by oligonucleotide microarray analysis with Affymetrix Gene Chip Mouse U430A.DAVID,an online tool,was used for clustering analysis on femoral gene expression.Results Longtime administration of HFD caused femoral gene expressed differences related to cation ion channel,transcription regulation and signal transduction,bone mineralization,phosphate metabolic process regulation,and collagen synthesis.Conclusion Longtime intake of HFD will change the expression of numerous bone metabolism-related genes in bone of mice,and then inhibit bone formation.

Secondary glaucoma is a kind of complications after vitrectomy, its etiologies are various and complex. Ineffective therapies might cause irreversible damage on optic nerves and visual field defect, even the loss in visual function. Nowadays, this project has been paid great attention by various researches both in China and abroad. Both the pathogens and therapies of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy are analyzed as follows.

Background Acanthamoeba keratitis is a sort of serious infectious eye disease with high causing-blindness rate.Acanthamoeba keratitis often is misdiagnosed as fungal keratitis or viral keratitis in the early stage.Because conventional clinical diagnosis methods show a low specificity and take a long time,timely treatment often is delayed.Conventional PCR does not apply well because the lesion sample is not enough to extract DNA.However,direct PCR can amplify 18S rRNA conserved sequence of acanthamoeba keratitis without the extraction of DNA.Objective This study was to discuss the feasibility for rapid diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis using direct PCR to amplify the gene 18S rRNA fragment.Methods Ten acanthamoeba strains were isolated from 10 eyes with acanthamoeba keratitis in Qingdao Eye Hospital.The sensitivity of the direct PCR assay was tested using different numbers of amoebas.The specificity of the assay was tested using DNA extracted from acanthamoeba,candida albicans,pseudomonas aeruginosa,herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and normal human corneal epithelial cell.Acanthamoeba keratitis models were established using infected method in clean 6-week-old female BALB/c mice.Corneal lesion samples were obtained 1 day,3,5,7,10,15 days after modeled.The effectivity and feasibility of the direct PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis were evaluated and compared with culture method,corneal smear examination and real-time PCR.Results Direct PCR primers could only amplify DNA of acanthamoeba rather than other pathogens,and 10 stains of acanthamoeba were detected at least in each sample.During the development of acanthamoeba keratitis in the mice,the diagnosis positive rate of direct PCR was 80.0％,90.0％,80.0％,70.0％,70.0％ and 50.0％ in 1 day,3,5,7,10,15 days after modeled with the total positive rate 73.3％,which was higher than 31.7％ of culture method,56.7％ of corneal smear examination and 61.7％ of realtime PCR,with a significant difference between the direct PCR and culture method (P =0.005),but no significant difference was seen in the total positive rate between the direct PCR and real-time PC R (P =0.172) or corneal smear examination (P =0.056).Conclusions The direct PCR assay is a simple,rapid,highly specific and sensitive method for the rapid diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis,especially for the limited lesion sample.

?AlM:To evaluate and observe the efficacy of silicon oil ( SO ) , perfluoropropane ( C3 F8 ) and balanced salt solution ( BSS ) that can be used as tamponade during vitrectomy to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR) complicated with vitreous hemorrhage ( VH) .
?METHODS: Studied retrospectively on 74 eyes of 60 patients who underwent vitrectomy surgery with diabetic vitreous hemorrhage in our hospital during June 2008 and June 2014. Based on repeated prior examines on fundus details and the vitrectomy tamponades were chosen. All the patients had been followed up at least 3mo. Depending on different tamponades, the paitents were nonrandomized in three groups and contrasted as visual acuity, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) and complications respectively.
?RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference among these three groups in preoperative eyesight ( P<0. 05 ). Moreover, the preoperative eyesight was statistically different between SO and BSS (P<0. 05), and difference for the rest being not remarkable(P>0. 05). The difference being statistically difference in the postoperative vision among these three groups ( P <0. 05). The further analysis showed that the paired-comparisons were statistically significant difference between SO and BSS ( P<0. 05 ), while the rest two groups of comparison were non-respectively(P>0. 05). The preoperative visual function was in contrast to the postoperative (P<0. 05). The lOP before surgery was not statistically significant difference(P>0. 05). However,the difference among three groups being statistically in the postoperative vision(P<0. 05), in addition,the difference existed in each group through pairwise comparison ( P<0. 05) . The occurence rate of complications after surgery in this survey was 47%, the SO group was 50%, the C3 F8 was 56%, the BSS group was 44%.
? CONCLUSlON: Vitrectomy is a safe and effective treatment that can help patients who have diabetic vitreous hemorrhage obtain better visual improvement. Because of the physicochemical properties and different conditions, there still has complications after surgery.

Objective To explore how the severity of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH)impact on physique and neurodevelopment in premature infants.Methods A total of 80 preterm infants with PIVH admitted to NICU of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from December 2013 to June 2015 were eligible.According to the Papile classification,the premature infants were divided into 4 groups.They were grade Ⅰ PIVH group,grade Ⅱ PIVH group,grade Ⅲ PIVH group and grade Ⅳ PIVH group.The infants with grade Ⅰ PIVH and grade Ⅱ PIVH belong to the low-grade PIVH group.The infants with grade Ⅲ PIVH and grade Ⅳ belong to the severe-grade PIVH group.All of them were regularly followed up for 12 months.Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants at 6 and 12-month correction age were assessed by using the 20 items neuromotor assessment applying for 0-1 year old and the Bayley scales of infant development-Ⅱ.The differences in physical and neurophysical development of premature infants among 4 groups were compared.Results There were no significant differences in physical growth indicators such as body weight,body length and the incidence of weight growth retardation among 4 groups (all P＞0.05).The incidence of neurobehavioral abnormalities in infants with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PIVH was significantly higher than that of infants with grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ PIVH at 12-month correction age (21.05％ vs 3.28％,x2 =4.284,P=0.038).Physical development index(PDI) of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ PIVH infants was significantly higher than that of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PIVH infants at 6-month correction age(F=11.500,P＜0.05).At 12-month correction age,grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ PIVH infants showed a significant higher mental development index(MDI) scores and PDI scores than those of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PIVH infants(F=14.227,16.515,all P＜0.05).Of the 80 cases assessed,infants with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PIVH had significantly higher rates of cerebral palsy(21.05％ vs 1.64％,x2 =6.300,P=0.012) and developmental delay (26.32％ vs 4.92％,x2=5.185,P=0.023) compared with grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ PIVH infants.Conclusions The severe PIVH can have negative effect on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants and might induce mental retardation,cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disabilities.Therefore,the regular follow-up and early intervention in preterm infants with PIVH should be implemented to improve the quality of their lives.

Objective: To detect the relationship between variant of rsl255372 in transcription factor 7-Like 2(TCF7L2) gene and the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Tianjin Han populations. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-two T2DM patients and 176 healthy controls were randomly selected to extract the genome DNA. Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the PCR amplified fragment. The different peaks were chosen for sequencing. The differences of different genotype frequency between the groups were analysed. The Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors of T2DM. Results: The G/T genotype frequencies of rsl2255372 were 18.5% and 2.8% in T2DM group and healthy control group respectively (P < 0.05). The G/T genotype, glycosylated hemoglobin, urea nitrogen and the systolic blood pressure were the independent risk factors of T2DM, and the high density lipoprotein was the protective factor. There was no significant difference of the G/T genotype frequency in T2DM patients with different complications. Conclusion: This study indicates that G/T genotype in the TCF7L2 gene significantly contributes to T2DM susceptibility in Tianjin Han populations. The G/T genotype is one of the risk factors of the T2DM.

Objectives To study the expression patterns of steroid receptor coactivators (SRC) and steroid-induced stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in endometriosis,and to explore the roles of SRC in the steroid-induced SDF-1 expression endometriosis.Methods From May 2010 to October 2012,16 endometriosis cases at stages Ⅲ or Ⅳ according to the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification undergoing surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University were enrolled in this study.Their ectopic endometrium were from ovarian endometriomata which were identified pathologically with 9 cases at proliferative phase and 7 cases at secretory phase.The normal endometrium were acquired from the healthy women with normal menstrual cycle (n =10,proliferative phase =5,secretory phase =5).The mnRNA levels of SRC and SDF-1α during the menstrual cycle were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Ectopic endometrium stromal cells were purified and cultured in medium containing 17β-estradiol (10-8mol/L) or 17β-estradiol (10-8 mol/L) + progesterone (10-6 mol/L).At 24,48,72 and 96 hours,the supernatants were collected to measure SDF-1α expression by ELISA.Ectopic endometrium stromal cells were transfected respectively with siRNA of SRC-1 and SRC-2 using lipofectamine.Two days after transfection,17β-estradiol (10-8 moL/L) or 17β-estradiol (10-8 mol/L) + progesterone (10-6 mol/L) were added into the media.On the third day after the steroid hormones treatment,the media were collected to quantify SDF-1α expression with ELISA.Results (1) Cyclical changes: the SRC-1,SRC-2 and SDF-1 α showed marked cyclic differences in normal endometrium (P ＜ 0.05).In proliferative phase and secretory phase,the SRC-1,SRC-2 and SDF-1 α were 5.6 ± 1.2,3.8 ± 1.1,2.7 ± 0.5 and 2.6 ± 1.0,2.1 ± 1.0,1.6-± 0.5,respectively.There was no periodic variation in the expression of SRC-1,SRC-2 and SDF-1α in ectopic endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle.(2) Steroid-induced SDF-1α expression in ectopic endometrium stromal cells: the 17β-estradiol-induced SDF-1α expression was (1 803 ± 196),(2 272 ± 261) and (2 162 ± 258) ng/L at 48,72 and 96 hours.At the same time points,the SDF-1α expression induced by 17β-estradiol and progesterone was (1 307 ± 150),(1 518 ± 301) and (1 550 ± 144) ng/L,respectively.There was significant difference between two groups (P ＜0.05).(3) The effects of SRC silencing on steroid hormones-induced SDF-1 α expression in ectopic endometrium stromal cells: the expression of 17β-estradiol-induced SDF-1α at 72 hours was significantly decreased from (2 313 ± 357) ng/L to (1 155 ± 244) ng/L after the silencing of SRC-1 (P ＜ 0.05).After the silencing of SRC-2,the 17β-estradiol-induced SDF-1 α at 72 hours was (1 958 ±324) ng/L.There was no significant difference compared with the before the silencing (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of SDF-1 α at 72 hours induced by 17β-estradiol + progesterone was (1 534 ± 449) ng/L and (2 051 ± 380) ng/L respectively before and after the silencing of SRC-2 and showed the significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion During the expression of SDF-1 α regulated by steroids in ectopic endometrium cells,SRC-1 is the major coactivator of 17β-estradiol and SRC-2 is the major coactivator of progesterone.