It has always been controversial whether a single allergen performs better than multiple allergens in polysensitized patients during the allergen-specific immunotherapy.This study aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of single-allergen sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) versus multi-allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and to discover the change of the biomarker IL-4 after 1-year immunotherapy in polysensitized children aged 6-13 years with allergic rhinitis (AR) induced by house dust mites (HDMs).The AR polysensitized children (n=78) were randomly divided into two groups:SLIT group and SCIT group.Patients in the SLIT group sublingually received a single HDM extract and those in the SCIT group were subcutaneously given multiple-allergen extracts (HDM in combination with other clinically relevant allergen extracts).Before and 1 year after the allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT),the total nasal symptom scores (TNSS),total medication scores (TMS) and IL-4 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were compared respectively between the two groups.The results showed that the TNSS were greatly improved,and the TMS and IL-4 levels were significantly decreased after 1-year ASIT in both groups (SLIT group:P＜0.001;SCIT group:P＜0.001).There were no significant differences in any outcome measures between the two groups (for TNSS:P＞0.05;for TMS:P＞0.05;for IL-4 levels:P＞0.05).It was concluded that the clinical efficacy of single-allergen SLIT is comparable with that of multi-allergen SCIT in 6-13-year-old children with HDM-induced AR.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid (FA) in plasma of the healthy female volunteers after oral administration of Shenghua decoction.Methods Using p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as the internal standard, the plasma concentration of FA was determined by RP-HPLC. Plasma samples were extracted and treated with boiling water and 3P97 programme was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of FA were as follows: T1/2?=18.72 min ,T1/2?=79.21 min,T1/2 Ka=11.19 min,AUC=18004.87 ?g?min?L-1,CL=0.17L?min-1?kg-1,Cmax=206.30 ?g?L-1, Tpeak=22.78 min.Conclusion After oral administration of Shenghua decoction, FA could be absorbed and eliminated rapidly and pharmacokinetics of FA conforms to a two-compartment open model.

A total of 88 patients with chronic heart failure were divided into 2 groups: the carvedilol group( n =40) and the control group( n =48). Patients in 2 groups were all treated with routine regime,the experimental group also received carvedilol treatment.Before and 7 months after treatment, their left ventricular ejection fractions (EF%) and the rate of left ventricular drawing back on short axis contration were recorded to evaluate the effects of carvedilol. The values of EF% and short axis were higher in both groups after 7 months follow up ( P

Objective To investigate the role of neuropeptide trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) in cocaine reward responses and the underlying mechanism.Methods Fifty SD rats were divided into 6 groups including Control group,Cocaine group,Cocaine + TFF3 (0.01 mg/kg) group,cocaine + TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg) group,cocaine + TFF3 (0.5 mg/kg) group and TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg) group,ip,n=7 ～ 9),and were treated with TFF3 / saline (ip),30 min later,rats were injected with cocaine (10 mg/kg ip) followed by 1 h hypedocomotion test.Immediately after behavioral test,rats (n=4～6) were decapitated and tissues of nucleus accumbens (NAc) were isolated and prepared for neurotransmitters analysis by HPLC; Another twenty one rats were divided into control and TFF3-treatment group,and the rats were trained with a modified 2-day cocaine CPP conditioning procedure.During cocaine CPP conditioning process,saline or TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg ip) was injected 30 min prior to cocaine injection (5 mg/kg ip).Results Systemic administration of TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg,ip) significantly increased the cocaine-induced locomotor activity (Total distance in 1 hour were (180±41) cm,(359±53) cm,(590±75) cm,(153±27) cm for Control,Vehicle + Cocaine,TFF3+Cocaine and TFF3+Vehicle groups respectively) and augmented cocaine rewarding effects in CPP(Post-training CPP score were (98± 18) s,(187±24) s for Vehicle + Cocaine,TFF3+Cocaine groups respectively).TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg ip) administration increased the dopamine concentration in the NAc induced by cocaine injection ((0.65±0.1) ng/ml,(1.24±0.14) ng/ml,(1.75±0.23) ng/ml,(0.74±0.21) ng/ml for Control,Cocaine,TFF3 + Cocaine and TFF3 + Vehicle groups respectively).Conclusion TFF3 is involved in regulation of behavioral response to cocaine,which is associated with the increasing of dopamine in the NAc.

Drug dependence has been a severe social and health problem,which has caused serious economic losses and social disorder in China.The critical problem in drug dependence is repeated relapse even after detoxification.We have been contributed to the research of neurobiological mechanisms,clinical characteristics,and interventions of craving after withdrawal from addicting drugs.We have systemati-cally studied the change of drug seeking behavior and craving after withdrawal from cocaine,and further investigated the neural anatomic pathway,long-term neuroplasticity,and neural signal pathways which involved in the change of drug seeking behavior.According to the situation of dug abuse in China,we investigated the characteristics in the expression of incubation of craving after withdrawal from opiate.We have primarily found the neural anatomic pathways and neural plasticity mechanisms which contribute to the process.We have also demonstrated the psychological characteristics and neurobiological mechanisms of craving induced by opiate and its long-term maintenance resulting from learning and memory,chronobiology and imaging.Our findings have provided evidence for effective inventions on preventing relapse after abstinence in addicts.Abstract:SUMM ARY Drug dependence has been a severe social and health problem,which has caused serious e-conom ic losses and social d isorder in China.The critical problem in drug dependence is repeated relapse even after detoxification.W e have been contributed to the research of neurobiologicalmechanisms,clini-cal characteristics,and interventions of craving afterwithdrawal from add icting drugs.W e have systemati-cally stud ied the change of drug seeking behavior and craving afterwithdrawal from cocaine,and further investigated the neural anatom ic pathway,long-term neuroplasticity,and neural signal pathways which involved in the change of drug seeking behavior.Accord ing to the situation of dug abuse in China,we in-vestigated the characteristics in the expression of incubation of craving after withdrawal from opiate.W e have primarily found the neural anatom ic pathways and neural plasticity mechanisms which contribute to the process.W e have also demonstrated the psychological characteristics and neurobiologicalmechanisms of craving induced by opiate and its long-term maintenance resulting from learning and memory,chrono-biology and imaging.Our find ings have provided evidence for effective inventions on preventing relapse after abstinence in add icts.

Objective To explore the compare of complete and incomplete radical debridement for thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.Methods Data of 296 patients with spinal tuberculosis from January 2000 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into two groups according to completeness of debridement:complete debridement group (group A) and incomplete debridement group (group B).There were 162 cases in group A including 86 males and 76 females,with an average age of 38.74± 17.26 years.There were 134 cases in group B including 73 males and 61 females,with an average age of 35.64± 18.21 years.All paticnts had undergone anterior debridement,focal graft implantation,anterior or posterior deformity correction,and internal fixation.Regular follow-up was required in the two groups.Results Residual sclerotic walls (36.54％),multipie cavities (34.62％),affected bony bridges (13.46％),sequestmm (3.37％),abscess (7.21％) and other lesionses (4.81％) were found in the group B.The first three factors were made up 84.62％ of the total.The mean follow-up time was 76.13±8.32 months in the group A and 79.24±5.49 months in the group B.The symptoms,C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were improved more obviously in group A than those in group B.Six months after operation,tuberculosis healing rate in group A and group B was 29.01％ (47 patients) and 4.48％ (6 patients),respectively.The mean healing time was 4.36± 1.27 months in the group A and 9.15±2.53 months in the group B,with significant differences.The mean the time of chemotherapy was 5.21± 1.38 months in the group A and (10.45±2.15) months in the group B,with significant differences.Reoperation rate in group A and group B was 0.62％ (1/162) and 4.48％ (6/134),respectively.Conclusion Sclerotic bone,multiple cavities,and bony bridges are parts of foci in spinal tuberculosis.Clearing tuberculous foci with sclerotic bone,multiple cavities,and bony bridges can increase the curative effect,shorten the time of chemotherapy and reduce the side effects of drug,thus early resumption can be achieved.

Objective To assess the value of procalcitonin(PCT)measurement to differentiate infection from non-infection in critically ill patients requiring long-term immunosuppressive therapy.Methods A prospective study was conducted in patients with underlying diseases requiring corticosteroids or chemotherapy in ICU from January 2008 to December 2009.Patients were divided into the infection group and the non-infection group and their PCT levels were compared.Results A total of 103 patients (65 women)were enrolled in this prospective study[aged(47.9 ± 21.9)years old]with 84 in the infection group and 19 in the non-infection group.The baseline level of PCT was significantly higher in infection than in non-infection patients[2.58(0.08-44.65)pg/L vs 0.62(0.15-6.00)pg/L,P =0.002].Different levels of PCT were manifested in different pathogen groups with 3.41(0.45-44.65)pg/L in bacteria infection,0.99(0.28-6.67)pg/L in fungus infection,0.11(0.08-0.20)pg/L in virus infection group(P =0.018).The AUCROC of PCT was 0.867 for diagnostic bacterial infection.By multivariate analysis,the factors associated with the level of PCT were bacteria infection(OR 5.1,P =0.031)and septic shock(OR 7.5,P =0.027),while the factors not associated with the level of PCT were age,renal function,infection site and prognosis(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The level of PCT is increased in the critically ill patients requiring immunosuppressive therapy with infection and it can be used for diagnosis for bacterial infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hodgkin Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; PAX5 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Staining and Labeling ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To study the association between clinical symptoms,psychosomatic factors and autonomic nervous function in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods Thirty-four patients with GERD diagnosed by reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) and endoscopy and 15 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study.All the subjects were divided into two groups,one with normal scores of Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Zung's depression scale (SDS) as GERD (-) and the other with abnormal scores of SAS and SDS as GERD (+).Reflux symptom score was recorded for both groups at the same time.Autonomic nervous function was assessed by their heart rate variability (HRV) on dynamic electrocardiogram (DCG).The time domain parameters analyzed included standard deviation (SD) of average R-R interval during 24 hours (SDNN),SD of average 5-minute sinus heart rate (SDANN),mean square root of the difference of adjoining two R-R interval (rMSSD),and proportion of the heart beats with difference of R-R interval more than 50 ms from the total heart beats (PNN 50),and the frequency domain parameters analyzed included low-frequency (LF),high-frequency (HF) and ratio of LF to HF.Results Average scores of SAS and SDS were significantly higher in patients with GERD than those in healthy controls (48?9 vs 38?6 and 48?11 vs 41?6,respectively,P

Objective To explore the effects and possible mechanism of calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR) in rat myocardial H9c2 cells hypertrophy model using angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ).Methods Cardiac hypertrophy model was established by treating cultured H9c2 cells with Ang Ⅱ in vitro.Hypertrophic H9c2 cells were treated with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3,a specific agonist of CaSR) and/or with Calhex231 (a specific inhibitor of CaSR) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA,a specific inhibitor of autophagy) to divided into 5 groups (six in each group):control,Ang Ⅱ,GdCl3 + Ang lⅡ,GdCl3 + Calhex231 + Ang Ⅱ,GdCl3 + 3-MA + Ang Ⅱ groups.To evaluate the status of H9c2 cells hypertrophy,protein content was determined through a coomassie brilliant blue protein kit and the expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ) and the phosphorylation form (pCaMK Ⅱ/CaMK Ⅱ) was analyzed by Western blotting.The protein expression of CaSR,autophagy maker [Beclin-1,micmtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ,P62] and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent-protein kinase-kinase-β (CaMKKβ)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was analyzed by Western blotting.Results ①GdCl3 further increased H9c2 cells protein content [control group:(2.52 ± 0.84) g/L,Ang Ⅱ group:(8.72 ± 3.60) g/L GdCl3 + Ang Ⅱ group:(14.17 ± 4.49) g/L,all P ＜ 0.05] and the expression of CaSR (control group:0.22 ± 0.04,Ang Ⅱ group:0.43 ± 0.02,GdCl3 + Ang Ⅱ group:0.63 ± 0.08,all P ＜ 0.05) and pCaMK Ⅱ/CaMKⅡ (control group:0.25 ± 0.05,AngⅡ group:0.51 ± 0.03,GdCl3 + AngⅡ group:0.77 ± 0.06,all P＜ 0.05) induced by Ang Ⅱ.Calhex231 suppressed the increasing of hypertrophy indicators induced by GdCl3 [GdCl3 + Calhex231 + AngⅡ group,CaSR:0.41 ± 0.16,protein content:(9.92 ± 2.54) g/L,pCaMK Ⅱ/CaMKⅡ:0.58 ± 0.08,all P ＜ 0.05].②GdCl3 promoted the effect of Ang Ⅱ in regulation of autophagy such as Beclin-1 protein increased (control group:0.31 ± 0.06,AngⅡ group:0.55 ± 0.09,GdCl3 + AngⅡ group:0.74 ± 0.08,all P ＜ 0.05),LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ increased (control group:0.28 ± 0.06,Ang Ⅱ group:0.56 ± 0.10,GdCl3 + Ang Ⅱ group:1.00 ± 0.15,all P ＜ 0.05) and P62 protein decreased (control group:0.54 ± 0.03,AngⅡ group:0.34 ± 0.02,GdCl3 + AngⅡ group:0.15 ± 0.03,all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,Calhex231 suppressed autophagy induced by GdCl3 (GdCl3 + Calhex231 + Ang Ⅱ group,Beclin-1:0.53 ± 0.14,LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ:0.57 ± 0.12,P62:0.28 ± 0.05,all P ＜ 0.05).③GdCl3 increased pCaMKKβ/CaMKKβ (control group:0.43 ± 0.09,AngⅡ group:0.76 ± 0.12,GdCl3 + AngⅡ group:1.19 ± 0.21,all P ＜ 0.05),pAMPK/AMPK (control group:0.38 ± 0.11,AngⅡ group:0.68 ± 0.08,GdCl3 + AngⅡ group:1.18 ± 0.08,all P ＜ 0.05) and decreased pmTOR/mTOR (control group:0.90 ± 0.10,Ang Ⅱ group:0.54 ± 0.04,GdCl3 + AngⅡ group:0.29 ± 0.09,all P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,Calhex231 blocked the effect of GdCl3 on the above-mentioned proteins changes (GdCl3 + Calhex231 + Ang Ⅱ group,pCaMKKβ/CaMKKβ:0.75 ± 0.06,pAMPK/AMPK:0.57 ± 0.05,pmTOR/mTOR:0.51 ± 0.08,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Inhibiting calcium-sensing receptor expression has reversed H9c2 cell hypertrophy induced by Ang Ⅱ,which may be related to suppressing autophagy and suppressing CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway.