BACKGROUND: Stellate ganglion block has the ability to improve the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system in perimenopausal syndrome. Lumbosacral plexus is an automatic nervous block, and exerts similar effects with stellate ganglion block. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum level of hormones and histology of the ovary in rabbits, thus providing a new treatment strategy for perimenopausal syndrome. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled animal experiment, which was finished at the Animal Center of Guiyang Medical Unversity, China. The healthy rabbits were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, and underwent lumbosacral plexus block by injecting 0.5 mg of vitamin B12, 100 mg of lidocaine and 10 mL of normal saline into the psoas compartment, and the same volume of normal saline, respectively. The effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum levels of hormones (estradiol, gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) at rabbit proestrus, estrus and metaestrus were observed, respectively. The pathological changes of the ovary in a complete estrus cycle were observed. The relationship between the treatment time of lumbosacral plexus block and the levels of hormones was investigated after 1, 3 and 6 complete estrus cycles. The experimental followed the national guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and Consensus author guidelines on animal ethics and welfare by the International Association for Veterinary Editors (IAVE), and prepared in accordance with the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments Guidelines (ARRIVE Guidelines). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Lumbosacral plexus block can increase the serum level of estrogen, reduce the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis function. Presumably, it may be used as a treatment method or adjuvant therapy of perimenopausal syndrome. Future experiments are needed to explore the effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum levels of hormones in a rabbit after oophorectomy to determine whether it exhibits the same effect on ovarian failure.

Objective To investigate the method and value of adjustable interatrial fistulization in the operation of congenital heart disease(CHD) accompany with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension(PH).Methods Twenty-seven patients(19 male,8 females) accompany with severe PH were entered the study,age ranged from 4 to 14 years old,weight from 13.7 to 42.0 kilogram.The enrolled diseases included 11 cases of atrial septal defect(ASD),10 cases of ventricular septal defect(VSD),4 cases of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA),and 2 cases of Ebstein syndrome accompany with severe tricuspid insufficiency.All patients were diagnosed as CHD accompany with severe PH(bidirectional shunt)which was the contraindications for routine operation before operation through chest X-ray,electrocardiography,ultrasonic cardiography,cardiac catheteri-zation and cardiac angiography.Results With adjustable interatrial fistulization and treatment to the abnormalities,14 fistulaes were closed immediately after operation,7 fistulaes were closed 2 days after operation,3 fistulaes were closed 3 days and 1 fistulae was closed 4 days after operation and accompanied with empyema discharged initiatively.One fistula was never closed,1 case died from low cardiac output symptom.The effective rate was 92.6%,closed to that of routine operations.Conclusion Adjustable interatrial fistulization is an easy procedure,and it can decrease the danger of PH post-operation effectively and provide operation opportunity for those patients with CHD approaching terminal stage.

Objective To investigate the effects of ultraviolet blood irradiation and oxygenation(UBIO)on oxygen free radical metabolism(OFRM)in rabbits with acute soman intoxication.Methods One hundred rabbits were randomly divided into five groups:a control group,a soman intoxication group(I),a soman intoxication plus routine therapy group(TR),a soman intoxication plus UBIO therapy group(UBIO)and a soman intoxication plus complex therapy group(CT).All the rabbits were intervened accordingly.Then the concentrations of malondiade- hyde(MDA)and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathionperoxidase(GSH Px)and catalase (CAT)in serum were determined at 14 d after various treatments.Results Compared with the control group,the concentration of MDA and the activity of CAT in the 1 group were significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the activi- ties of SOD and GSH Px were obviously decreased(P＜0.05).After UBIO or complex therapy,the serum level of MDA was significantly decreased in comparison with that in the I group(P＜0.01),while the concentrations of SOD, GSH Px and CAT were enhanced(P＜0.05).Conclusion UBIO therapy can improve antioxidation activity against the injury caused by free radicals and could be used to treat acute soman intoxication,which causes injury from in- creased oxygen free radical concentrations.

Objective To investigate the utility of antibiotics in elderly patients of respiratory department in No. 210 Hospital of PLA, and to understand the rational use of antibiotics in respiratory department. Methods A total of 534 patients >60 in respiratory department of our hospital from September to December in 2011 were randomly selected. The usage rate of antibiotics, the types that used, dosing routes and so on were recorded and analyzed. Some rational suggestions were dis‐cussed put forward. Results ① The usage rate of antibiotics was 97%. ② A total of 21 kinds of antibiotics had been used. The types of drugs are Amp C, levofloxacin, β‐lactamase inhibitors, nitromidazoles, aminoglycoside, antifungals, MALS, lincomycin. The percentage rate of the top three antibiotics were 59. 97%, 17. 30% and 7. 58%. ③ There were some problems in the usage of antibiotics, such as no indication of medicine, high use rate of antibiotics, improper variety selection, dosing routes and drug intervals, irrational use of drugs combinations. Conclusion The application rate of antibiotics was 97%, there was some illegiti‐mate phenomenon in the use of antibiotics. Some attentions should be paid to the rational use of antibiotics in elderly patients, and to raise the rational use rate of antibiotics.

Abnormal changes during fat formation are closely related to the prevalence of many diseases. In order to understand the formation mechanism of fat, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the morphology and mechanical properties of porcine preadipocytes during the differentiation. Preadipocytes and adipocytes were different morphologically. The surface roughness of adipocytes was less than preadipocytes by detection of the ultrastructure. The mechanical properties of preadipocytes were changed during differentiation with AFM-based force spectroscopy. Preadipocytes were 20% higher than adipocytes in the adhesion force, stiffness and Young's modulus. Therefore, AFM analysis of membrane changes related to adipocytes formation provided quantitative data in the nanometer level for further studying the formation mechanism of the adipocytes.
Adipocytes ; cytology ; ultrastructure ; Adipogenesis ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Swine

Objective To analyze the current status of studies related to home enteral nutrition (HEN) in China,and provide scientific basis for the research and management of HEN in China.Methods We searched CNKI and WanFang Data since it built to January 1st,2018.The included studies were screened and categorized by publication information,study type,subjects of the study,topic,interventions and outcomes.Descriptive analysis was conducted after extraction of information.Results A total of 153 studies were included,of which 37 were observational studies,102 were experimental studies,12 were case report,and 2 were exploring articles.Since 2012,the number of studies has been increasing.Most of the subjects were elderly people who were diagnosed with diseases of digestive system,head and neck tumors and diseases of nervous system.These studies were featured as small sample size and short intervention time,follow-ups by telephone and home visit,less than 1/4 providing professional nutrition support team,and outcomes mainly as complication,nutritional biochemical indices,anthropometric indices and prognosis.Conclusion HEN in China is still in its infancy.The number of relative studies is still small and quality of literatures is very low,but it has been increasing.At present,there are some problems in the implementation of HEN in China,such as lack of standardized management model and professional team,short-term intervention,and single follow-up mode.The elderly and patients with digestive disease,head and neck tumors and nervous disease are the key subjects;more professional nutrition support team and scientific management model should be established in the future.

The present study explored the therapeutic potential of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) in restoring aging-induced loss of cardioprotective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) along with the involvement of signaling pathways. The left hind limb was subjected to four short cycles of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in young and aged male rats to induce RIPC. The hearts were subjected to IR injury on the Langendorff apparatus after 24 h of RIPC. The measurement of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and cardiac troponin served to assess the myocardial injury.The levels of H2S, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) were also measured. There was a decrease in cardioprotection in RIPC-subjected old rats in comparison to young rats along with a reduction in the myocardial levels of 2, CBS, CSE, HIF-1α, and nuclear: cytoplasmic Nrf2 ratio. Supplementation with sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) and l-cysteine ( H 2S precursor) restored the cardioprotective actions of RIPC in old hearts. It increased the levels of H2S, HIF-1α, and Nrf2 ratio without affecting CBS and CSE. YC-1 (HIF-1α antagonist) abolished the effects of NaHS and l-cysteine in RIPC-subjected old rats by decreasing the Nrf2 ratio and HIF-1α levels, without altering 2.The late phase of cardioprotection of RIPC involves an increase in the activity of H2S biosynthetic enzymes, which increases the levels of H2S to upregulate HIF-1α and Nrf2. H2S has the potential to restore aging-induced loss of cardioprotective effects of RIPC by upregulating HIF-1α/Nrf2 signaling.

The present study explored the therapeutic potential of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) in restoring aging-induced loss of cardioprotective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) along with the involvement of signaling pathways. The left hind limb was subjected to four short cycles of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in young and aged male rats to induce RIPC. The hearts were subjected to IR injury on the Langendorff apparatus after 24 h of RIPC. The measurement of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and cardiac troponin served to assess the myocardial injury.The levels of H2S, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) were also measured. There was a decrease in cardioprotection in RIPC-subjected old rats in comparison to young rats along with a reduction in the myocardial levels of 2, CBS, CSE, HIF-1α, and nuclear: cytoplasmic Nrf2 ratio. Supplementation with sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) and l-cysteine ( H 2S precursor) restored the cardioprotective actions of RIPC in old hearts. It increased the levels of H2S, HIF-1α, and Nrf2 ratio without affecting CBS and CSE. YC-1 (HIF-1α antagonist) abolished the effects of NaHS and l-cysteine in RIPC-subjected old rats by decreasing the Nrf2 ratio and HIF-1α levels, without altering 2.The late phase of cardioprotection of RIPC involves an increase in the activity of H2S biosynthetic enzymes, which increases the levels of H2S to upregulate HIF-1α and Nrf2. H2S has the potential to restore aging-induced loss of cardioprotective effects of RIPC by upregulating HIF-1α/Nrf2 signaling.

Abdomen ; Hernia ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) associated lung involvement, concentrating on clinical characteristics, pathological findings of lung involvements, response to treatment, and prognosis.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the characters of the clinical manifestations, thin-section CT and pathological findings of CSS. The study involved 16 patients. Clinical data were obtained by chart review. All patients underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). Six of them underwent surgical lung biopsy as well.

RESULTSThe patients included 7 men and 9 women, aged from 14 to 61 years (median, 47.5 years). Extrathoracic organs involved included nervous system (7/16) and skin (5/16). Respiratory symptoms included cough (12/16), exertional dyspnea (11/16), hemoptysis (4/16), and chest pain (3/16). CT findings included bilateral ground-glass opacities (12/16), bilateral patchy opacities (12/16), and centrilobular nodules (6/16). The pathological findings of TBLB demonstrated increased eosinophils (3/16), vasculitis (3/16), and interstitial pneumonia (16/16). The pathological findings of surgical lung biopsy of 6 cases showed necrotizing vasculitis in 4 cases, capillaries in 5, eosinophilic pneumonia in 3, granulomas in 2, and airway abnormalities in 3. All patients improved in symptoms after therapy during the study period (range, 3 to 51 months; median, 15 months).

CONCLUSIONSAsthma may be present in CSS patient when there is bronchial involvement. Ground-glass opacities and consolidation seen on high-resolution CT reflect the presence of eosinophilic pneumonia, vasculitis, and pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage. TBLB has significant limitations for the diagnosis of CSS. Early diagnosis and therapy can result in satisfactory prognosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; Biopsy ; Churg-Strauss Syndrome ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult