Objective: To prepare stable, small-sized injectable sustained-release nanoparticles harboring brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and to evaluate its drug releasing process. Methods: The nanoparticles were prepared using poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as the carrier by w/o/w double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The formula and technique were optimized; the shape,size and the distribution of the diameters of the particles were observed; and recovery rate, precision, repeatability, encapsulation efficiency,and drug releasing characteristics were assessed. Results: With the optimized formula, the drug loading rate was 1%,the polymer concentration was 3.3 mg/ml, and the ultrasound time was 40 s; mannitol was used as the supporting agent. BDNF nanoparticles were round, homogenous in size, with a mean diameter of 156.7 nm. The prepared particles had high recovery rate, precision, repeatability, and encapsulation efficiency. The drug release was characterized by slow corrosion and the process lasted for 30 days. Conclusion: We have successfully prepared slow-release nanoparticles harboring BDNF, which are stable and have high encapsulation efficiency.

Objective: To establish a canine model of lumbosacral nerve root compression, so as to search for treatment for radicular pain and numbness caused by nerve root compression. Methods: Eighteen male adult mongrel dogs were evenly randomized into 3 groups: 7 days group, 14 days group and 28 days group. A 5 mm long thick silica tube (diameter 3-4 mm) were implanted under right L6, L7 and S1 nerve root to establish the compression model; the left side served as self controls. Results: Dynamic observation with histopathology and immunohistochemical staining showed that, after the nerve root nerve root compression, the myelinated nerve fibers decreased and there was ultrastructure changes of the nerve fibers, such as Schwann cell cytoplasm swelling and edema, Wallerian degeneration, and demyelinated degeneration of axons. Conclusion: The ultra-structural changes of nerve root are the pathological basis of the function loss of the nerve root. The present model is more closer to the model of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and stenosis of nerve root compression and it provides a basis for treatment of compression-caused radicular pain and numbness in clinic.

Objective To investigate the effects of application and clinical value of the epinephrine with graduate increased dosage by the modality equation G=(K+2n-1)mg/3 min(K=1,2,n=1,2,3……,G≤0.2 mg/kg)and aminophylline and sheng-mai injection with uniform method at the same time rapidly combination on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).MethodsThree hundred and twenty-eight cases with sudden cardiac-arrest (CA) were randomly divided into 3 groups：112 cases with the standard-dose epinephrine group (SDE control group);106 cases with the first-dosage epinephrine for K=1 mg in the equation G=(K+2n-1)mg/3min (K=1,2,n=1,2,3……,G≤0.2 mg/kg,group (equation 1 group) and 110 cases with the first-dosage epinephrine for K=2mg(epuation 2 group).Patients'electrocardiogram and mean arterial pressure(MAP)and the heart rate(HR)and the time of recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)were monitored,and the resuscitation effect were evaluated.ResultsTo compare the equation 2 group and equation 1 group with the SDE control group,the ROSC rate,the survival rate,the 24-hour survival rate and the scoring by Glasgow coma scale were all significantly elevated(P＜0.01)：but the average time from initial stage applied with the epinephrine in the CPR to ROSC in the equation 2 group and equation 1 group was much shorten significantly than that in the SDE control group(P＜0.01).To compare the equation 2 group and equation 1 group with the SDE control group：the average dose of the epinephrine was much reduced from initial stage applied with the epinephrine on CPR to ROSC(P＜0.05),but the cycle summation of apphcation epinephrine by mainline from the CPR initial stage to ROSC in the equation 2 group and equation 1 group was much significantly decreased than that in the SDE control group(P＜0.01).ConclusionsThe method of the epinephrine with graduate increased dosage by the equation G=(K+2n-1) mg/3min(K=1,2,n=1,2,3……,C≤0.2mg/kg)and aminophylline and sheng-mai injection with uniform method at the same time rapidly combination on CPR has better effects on increasing significandy the success rate of CPR,the survival rate,the time activity of success and shortening significantly time of the ROSC,improving brain and nervous system function.It can be new and effective method to increasing the success rate of resuscitation on the CPR.

Objective To analyze the potential risk factors of sudden death at home in senile people. Methods 38 cases of cardiac arrest in a community occurring at home from 1993 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. The data concerning their condition of health before death, the diagnosis of the diseases confirmed, the predisposing causes of cardiac arrest, and the season and time of death were collected and analyzed. Results It was found that hypertension, CHD and diabetes were the predominant diseases in senile patients died of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Most of the deaths occurred in April, 73.7% of the deaths occurred during 6:00-18:00, and 81.6% cases occurred in their homes. Conclusion In senile patients, the cardiovascular diseases may be the main risk factors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The patients with myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and heart failure constitute the high risk group of cardiac arrest. Usually death occurs without a portent.

Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; physiology ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Female ; Flunarizine ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Penicillins ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the MRI features of ejaculatory duct obstruction.Methods During January 2003 to Dccember 2010,transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was performed for 106 patients and underwent surgical treatment for ejaculatory duct obstruction.Among them,16 patients underwent MRI examination.The MRI features of ejaculatory duct obstruction in these patients were summarized.Results Ejaculatory duct cysts,ranging in size from 4 mm ×4 mm ×7 mm to 4 mm ×4 mm ×9 mm and locating in the paramedian line,were detected in 5 of the 16 patients; ejaculatory duct dilation located in the paramedian line was detected in 7 patients,with the internal diameter of 5 to 30 mm. After contrast injection,significant enhancement of the wall of the ejaculatory duct was observed in 2 patients.Mullerian duct cysts complicated with dilated ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicles were detected in 4 patients,in whom the cysts were located in the median line,ranging in size from 4 mm × 5 mm × 6 mm to 34 mm×35 mm ×44 mm,with inverted teardrop shaped pointing toward the seminal colliculus.ConclusionThe most common MRI features of ejaculatory duct obstruction are ejaculatory duct dilation and ejaculatory duct cysts.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of adrenal rest tumor.Methods Twelve patients of adrenal rest tumor proved by surgery or clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed.Among these 12 patients,12 were examined with ultrasound,11 with MR and 1 with CT. MR and CT were performed without and with intravenous injection of contrast material.The imaging features of adrenal rest tumor were retrospectively summarized and the relevant literatures reviewed. Results The adrenal rest tumors were found in testis in 10 of the 12 patients,and in ovaries and broad ligament in the remaining two.The imaging features of the testicular adrenal rest tumor were summarized as following:all patients had bilateral testicular masses without change of the testicular contour. On ultrasonography,the lesions were hypoechoic, with some hyperechoic areas and appeared highly vascularized on Colour Doppler ultrasonography.The masses showed iso-density on plain CT,and avid enhancement on post-contrast CT images.The masses ranging in size from0.7 cm×1.0 cm×2.2 cm to 2.3 cm ×2.7 cm ×2.9 cm with uniform signal intensity,lobulated margin on MRI.They exhibited iso- or slight hyperintensity on T1 WI and hypointensity on T2WI relative to normal testicular parenchyma.The tumors showed intense enhancement on post-contrast MR images. No abnormality was detected with Colour Doppler uhrasonography and MR in 2 patients of adrenal rest tumor in ovaries and broad ligament. Conclusion Combining imaging features with the typical clinical history,the diagnosis of adrenal rest tumor could be suggested pre-operatively.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Systems Biology

Objective:To detect the modulation of the Th1/Th2 bias by the EtOH ext. of roasted perilla seed(RPS) in the anaphylaxis mice model.Methods:The mice were divided randomly into 5 groups, namely 1.28, 0.64 and 0.32 g/kg EtOH ext.of RPS group, anaphylaxis model and normal control. All the mice except for the normal control were sensitized by immunized intraperitoneally on days 0 and 5 with chicken OVA. The cytokine profile including IFN-?, TNF-?, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 in serum of all the mice were evaluated by FCM.Results:The IFN-?/IL-4 ratio was decreased from 3.93 in the anaphylaxis mice model to 0.87 in the normal control group. The mice in 0.32, 0.64 and 1.28 g/kg EtOH ext of RPS group displayed a down-regulation for serum IL-4 and TNF-? levels and showed increased levels of IFN-? with the correspondent IFN-?/IL-4 ratio of 1.92, 2.85 and 3.14.Conclusion:The EtOH ext. of roasted perilla seed can modulate the Th1/Th2 bias in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Na + , K + -ATPase on the increase of cytosolic Ca 2+ level induced by hypoxia in rat cortical neurons. Methods: Using confocal laser scanning microscope and video based motion edge detection system, we measured the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration (\ i ) and Na + concentration (\ i ) in cortical neurons exposed to hypoxia for different time periods and at presence of different concentrations of dihydroouabain (DHO, an inhibitor of Na + , K + -ATPase). We also observed the effect of Na + , K + -ATPase on the increase of cytosolic Ca 2+ level induced by hypoxia in rat cortical neurons. Results: DHO (10 -9 -10 -3 mol/L) dose-dependently and hypoxia(4-20 min) time-dependently increased the levels of \ i and \ i in cultured cortical neurons. \ i and \ i increased significantly 4 min after cortical neurons were exposed to hypoxia, and addition of DHO (10 -3 mol/L) further increased their concentrations. While 15 min after hypoxia exposure, different concentrations of DHO did not further increase \ i and \ i. We also found that hypoxia exposure did not enhance DHO pretreatment-induced \ i increase. Conclusion: Inhibition of Na + , K + -ATPase activity is one of the mechanisms responsible for hypoxia-induced elevation of \ i in cortical neurons.