Objective To analyse the associativity among serum thyroid hormone level,brain injury and neuroethology in preterm infants by testing the thyroid hormone level and neuro-behaviour assessment.Methods Fifty-two preterm infants were continuously admitted in neonatal department of Shanghai Children's Hospital from Dec 2009 to Apr 2010. Radio-immunity was used to determine the serum level of T3,T4, TSH within 6 h after birth. Each case received cranial ultrasonic examination within 3 d after birth and rechecked every week. Before discharge, every infant received a cranial MRI examination. The 52 cases were devided into three groups according to the result of ultrasound and MRI:no brain damage group (33 cases),intraventricular hemorrhage greup (10 cases) ,and white matter injury group (9 cases). At the corrected gestation age 40±2 weeks,every infant received a neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA). Results The level of serum TSH in all the three groups of preterm infants were normal, which could reject congenital hypothyroidism. Eight preterm infants(15.4% ,8/52) had normal thyroid hormone level,another 44 preterm infants(84. 6% ,44/52) got lower thyroid functions. The levels of T3 and T4 were higher in the no brain damage group than those in intraventricular hemorrhage group and white matter injury group. And the preterm infants who had white mauer injury got the lowest level of thyroine hormone T3 and T4. Thyroxine hormone levels had significant difference among three groups (P ＜ 0. 05). The preterm infants who had no brain damage got higher scores in capability, passive muscle tonus,initiative muscle tonus and total score than the other two groups. Intraventricular hemorrhage group always got higher scores in NBNA than the white matter injury group (P ＜ 0. 05). The NBNA scores had significant difference among three groups (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Premature infant who has more severe brain injury always has lower levels of thyroxine hormone. Premature infants with brain injury get lower scores in NBNA test than those without brain injury.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.003

Objective:To investigate the effect of hearing on consonant discrimination in postoperative cleft palate patients.Meth-ods:30 subjects after surgery of cleft palate were examined for hearing and evaluated for speech,error frequencies of consonants were counted.According to the Chinese tone frequency and intensity distribution and measurement table of dysarthria in Mandarin,hearing and speech were divided into 3 ranks respectively.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to determine the relation of consonant discrimination with hearing.Results:Higher error frequency of consonants (form high to low)were [t],[ts],[k],[],[s],[t] and [k'].There was close correlation(P ＜0.05)between hearing and discrimination of consonants including [t],[t'],[k],[k'], [t],[t'],[],[ts],[ts'],[s],[t],[t'],[]and [],while the discrimination of consonants [b],[m],[f]and [n]showed no significant correlation with hearing(P >0.05).Conclusion:The hearing of postoperative cleft palate patients affect the consonant discrimination that mainly in the high frequency region,while low and middle frequency consonant discrimination have no influence. Other feedback channels need to be considered in speech training for high frequency consonants.

Objective To explore the effect of Tracer Methodology on the physical restraint management of the elderly patients. Methods The idea of Tracer Methodology was based on a case study of physical restraint, and then complementary tracking and system tracking. The key problem, which was founded in using Tracer Methodology on the physical restraint management of the elderly patients, could be continuously improved from the regulations, procedures, training, implementation, inspection, feedback, rectification, the implementation and the effectiveness. The normative rate of physical restraint was compared before and after the implementation of this method. Results After using the Tracer Methodology, the rate of physical constraint in the elderly patients was 82% (41/50), which was significantly increased (χ2=5.877,P=0.015) compared with before implementation of this method, which was 60% (30/50). Conclusions Tracer Methodology could improve the normative rate of physical restraint in elderly patients. Meanwhile, it was beneficial for nurses to participate in quality management, and strengthen the team cooperation.

BACKGROUND:Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) can inhibit lipid peroxidation after rat brain injury. However, the trend of 5-lipoxygenaseis (5-LOX) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in model of Parkinson’s disease, and whether CAPE protects against rotenone-induced cel ular injuries by inhibiting the levels of 5-LOX and CysLTs stil need further research.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of CAPE on the rotenone-induced Parkinson-like injury, and to determine whether 5-LOX involved.
METHODS:(1) PC12 cel s in good-growth were col ected and divided into five groups cultured with different concentrations of rotenone (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10μmol/L). 24 and 48 hours later, changes of cel ular morphology and activity were observed to single out the optimum concentration of rotenone;at 24 hours, the levels of 5-LOX and CysLTs were detected by western blotting and ELISA, respectively. (2) PC12 cel s were pretreated with different concentrations of CAPE (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L) for 30 minutes, and 1 μmol/L rotenone was then added. The other cel s received no intervention as blank control group. Subsequently, the cel activity was detected, and the CysLTs production was detected by ELISA at 24 hours.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Rotenone (0.1-10μmol/L) could induce PC12 cel injury with overt morphological and cel activity changes at 24 hours, especial y the 1 μmol/L rotenone. (2) Rotenone also significantly increased the 5-LOX expression and CysLTs production in a concentration-dependant manner. (3) CAPE (1-10μmo/L) significantly attenuated rotenone-induced CysLTs production and cel viability reduction in a concentration-dependant manner. (4) These results suggest that CAPE protects against PC12 cel injuries in the model rat with Parkinson’s disease induced by rotenone involving 5-Lox.

Iatrogenic nerve injury is one of the most severe complications of surgical correction for spinal deformity with different etiologies.The intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been widely used to detect the nerve injury in spinal correction surgery.The commonly used IONM techniques involve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP),motor evoked potentials (MEP) and electromyography (EMG).All the IONM techniques have both advantages and disadvantages,while combing SEP,MEP and EMG in the spinal correction surgery could maximumly improve the accuracy and reliability of the IONM.The different pathophysiology of patients with spinal deformity due to different etiologies might significantly decrease the success rate,sensitivity,and specificity of IONM,which might further decrease the reliability of IONM.However,the IONM still serves as the most important monitoring method for the iatrogenic nerve injury in patients with different spinal deformity due to different etiologies.For those monitoring changes that cannot be distinguished,the wake-up test is still the gold standard.

Objective To observe the effect of bcl-2 antisense oligodexyonucleotide (ASODN) by phosphorothiote-modification on the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and protein in human melanoma A375 cells line. Methods With the phosphorothiote-modification and liposome-encapsulation of ASODN, A375 cells were divided into ASODN group, nonsense oligodexyonucleotide (SODN) group and control group. Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results The expression of bcl-2 protein was remarkably decreased in ASODN group than that in SODN group and control group (53.14 ±4.26 vs 138.22 ± 8.45, 53.14 ± 4.26 vs 141.08 ± 7.83, both P ＜ 0.01 ). The level of bcl-2 mRNA was significantly lower than that in SODN group and control group (0.38 ± 0. 11 vs 0.96 ±0.13, 0. 38 ± 0.11 vs 0. 97 ± 0. 14, both P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Bcl-2 antisense oligodexyonucleotide could down-regulate the bcl-2 level and block its protein expression.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of neonatal re-spiratory distress syndrome. METHODS:108 cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome were randomly divided into control group and observation group,54 cases in each group. Control group were treated with conventional treatment,such as oxygen inha-lation,anti-infection and nutritional support,observation group was additionally treated with 30 mg/kg Ambroxol hydrochloride in-jection,ivgtt,qd,for continuous treatment of 4-6 d. Clinical efficacy,blood gas indexes [oxygen partial pressure(PaO2),carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2)],12,24 and 48 h after treatment remission time of clinical symptoms,hospitalization time, changes of X-ray film value,tidal volume(VT)and dynamic lung compliance(Cdyn)in 2 groups were compared,and the inci-dence of adverse reactions was observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was 94.44%,which was signifi-cantly higher than control group (51.58%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);there was no significant differ-ence in the blood gas indexes in observation group after 12 h(P>0.05),PaO2 was significantly higher than control group and Pa-CO2 was significantly lower than control group 24 and 48 h after treatment,there was significant difference between 2 groups(P<0.05). Remission time of cyanosis,dyspnea,lung moist rales and hospitalization time in observation group were shorter than con-trol group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). X-ray film value,Cdyn and VT levels in observation group were significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was 3.70%,which was significantly lower than control group(18.52%),the difference was statistically signifi-cant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ambroxol hydrochloride shows obvious efficacy in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,it can improve blood gas indexes and accelerate the recovery from disease,with good safety.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of crystallization inhibition by cellulose polymers against supersaturated drugs. METHODS: The biopharmaceutics classification system(BCS) II class drug indometacin was selected as the model drug.Supersaturated amorphous drug solid was prepared and the solubility of indometacin was measured. The types, added amounts, ionic intensity and viscosity of cellulose polymers were employed as influential factors to assess the crystallization inhibition effect of polymers against indometacin. RESULTS: HPMC E15 displayed the strongest crystallization inhibition effect. The crystallization inhibition was enhanced by adding larger amount of polymers, decreasing the viscosity of polymers and increasing the ionic intensity. CONCLUSION: The study is helpful to clarify the profiles that cellulose polymers inhibit the crystallization of drugs in supersaturated states. This research may provide scientific guide for the practical application of cellulose polymers for drug crystallization.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare curcumin solid dispersions by different preparation technologies and compare their properties. METHODS: Curcumin/poloxamer 407 solid dispersions were prepared by freeze-drying, co-precipitation and microwave/quench cooling methods, respectively. Internal properties of obtained solid dispersion were analyzed by SEM, DSC, XRD and FT-IR. The improvement effect on the insolubility of curcumin by making it into solid dispersions by different technologies was characterized by dissolution and solubility experiments. RESULTS: Curcumin was dispersed in solid dispersions in micro-crystal form. Compared with other technologies, microwave/quench cooling method could significantly improve the solubility and dissolution of insoluble curcumin. CONCLUSION: The study provides reference for choice of applicable production technology for solid dispersions of insoluble Chinese traditional medicine curcumin.