Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumors among children. It typically begins with few symptoms, making it dififcult to diagnose and treat. The number of HB cases has been on the rise in recent years, resulting in gradual development of the research on various aspects of the disease. This paper is a round-up of the etiology, pathological classiifcation, clinical staging, prognostic factors and therapeutic principles of hepatoblastoma.

Cancer has become a great menace to public health in China.Tumor markers play a unique role in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.However,there lacks a systematic evidence-based guideline in conformity with national conditions on clinical application of tumor markers.Recommendation for the use of the tumor markers in clinical practice will guide the appropriate usage of tumor markers and exhibit profound positive impact on their clinical application in China.

Humans ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Railroads ; Tibet

In-stent restenosis is an important medical problem in interventional therapy .Drug-eluting stent (DES) can significantly reduce in-stent restenosis rate .However ,it also inhibits function and growth of endothelium in stent site while inhibiting over-proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells .Delayed endothelialization can lead to late restenosis and delayed thrombosis .The present article made an overview on research progress of DES restenosis current condition ,influencing factors ,mechanisms and various therapeutic methods .

Objective: To investigate the variation of visual acuity (VA) at different contrast levels under bright and dark backgrounds in healthy adults. Methods: Fifty-four men (108 eyes) with normal VA were enrolled in this study. LogMAR VA was measured at 4 contrast levels (100%, 25%, 10%, and 5%) under bright and dark backgrounds with multi-functional visual acuity tester (MFVA-100). The relationship of VA between bright and dark backgrounds was analyzed. Results: (1) Subjects with lower contrast level had significantly worse VA than those with higher contrast level when the background was identical (P<0.001); VA decreased gradually with the decrease of contrast level. At the same contrast level, the VA under dark background group was significantly worse than that under bright background group (P<0.001). (2) The VA at contrast level 100% under bright background was not linearly related to those under dark background (P>0.05), but was linearly related to those at other contrast levels under bright background (P<0.001). Under dark background, the VA at contrast level 100% was linearly related to those at other contrast levels(P<0.001). (3) The fluctuating differences (log unit) of VA increased with the decrease of contrast level, with the maximal difference found at contrast level 5% under dark background. Conclusion: The VA of healthy men under bright background is better than that under dark background. The VA decreases and individual variation increases gradually with the decrease of contrast level. There is no linear correlation of VA between the bright and dark backgrounds.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Age Factors ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Survival Rate

Objective: To discuss the influence of posterior thoracic and lumbar titanium internal fixation system on magnetic resonance image (MRI). Methods: Twelve patients who received thoracic-lumbar posterior titanium internal fixation system were subjected to MRI scanning. The artifact characteristics of titanium internal fixator and its influence on the spinal canal structure were analyzed. Results: The artifact size was 2-3 times that of the internal fixator. The details in the spinal canal and spinal cord were clearly displayed on the sagittal T1 and T2 weighted images and axial T1 weighted image. The link rod had small artifact and had influence on the images of adjacent lamina and facet, but had little influence on the observations after operation. The pedicle screw in the right position had considerable artifact, which influenced the images of lateral spinal canal, foramina, nerve root, and posterolateral herniated disc. Conclusion: Turbo spin echo sequence should be chosen for MRI scanning in patients implanted with posterior thoracic and lumbar titanium internal fixation system, with the echo time minimized. When reading the MRI images, the influence of titanium fixation system on the postoperative MRI should be considered in order to obtain the correct information of the patients.

Objective: To investigate the impact of venom nerve growth factor (vNGF) administered via lateral ventricle on neural progenitor cell proliferation and migration after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: Ninety healthy and clean male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 2-day, 7-day, and 14-day groups. Then they were redivided into 5 subgroups at each time point: vNGF 25 U, vNGF 50 U, vNGF 100 U, control, and sham operation. The rat focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury models of the control group and each vNGF subgroup were established. Corresponding dose of vNGF or isotonic saline was administered via the lateral ventricular cannula in all the subgroups according to the specified time points. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the numbers of DCX positive neural precursor cells around the ischemic cortex and hippocampus CA3/Dentate gyrus in rats of each group. Results: Circled digit oneAfter administering vNGF via the lateral ventricle at each time point, the Longa's scores of the neurological function in all the vNGF subgroups were lower than those in the control group. There were statistical significances (P<0.01). Circled digit twoThe DCX-positive cells in the peri-ischemic cortex and hippocampus CA3/dentate gyrus showed the same change trend. The numbers of DCX positive cells in the 7-d subgroup was higher than those in the 2- and 14-d subgroups when the vNGF dose was the same. There were statistical significances (P < 0.01). Circled digit threeIn comparison of the subgroups with different vNGF doses at the same time points, the numbers of DCX positive cells in the vNGF 50 U subgroup was higher than those of vNGF 25 U and 100 U subgroups. There were statistical significances (P < 0.01). Circled digit fourThe numbers of DCX positive cells at each time point in the vNGF subgroups were significantly higher than those in the control group. There were statistical significances (P < 0.05). Conclusion: After administering vNGF via the lateral ventricle, it may increase the numbers of DCX positive neural precursor cells in the peri-ischemic cortex and hippocampus CA3/dentate gyrus after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; pathology ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the management and outcome of cerebrospinal fluid leakage(CSFL)complicating anterior cervical surgery.Methods1052patients were performed anterior cervical surgery between October1997and October2002.Of 1052cases,926cases were of cervical spondylotic myelopathy(CSM),and126of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).11patients suffered from cerebrospinal fluid leakage during operation.There were8males and3females aging from46to72years(average,58years).In the group of CSM,there were2cases of CSFL(0.22%)occurred in resection of osteophyte of the posterior vertebral edge,who were serious CSM of C 4,5 and C 5,6 with severe anterior compression by osseous mass to spinal cord showed on MRI.In the group of OPLL,there were9cases of CSFL(7.14%)occurred in resection of the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament accompanied with severe spinal canal stenosis and anterior compression to spinal cord on radiological imagings,4of them were con-tinuous OPLL from C 2 to C 6 combined with herniation of cervical disc,3segmental,and2mixed.Results The defect area of spinal dura were(0.6～2.0)cm?(1.0～1.5)cm.The cerebrospinal fluid was blocked with fascia and absorbable gelatin sponge during the operation.If CSFL was persistent more than3days after oper-ation,expectant treatment was performed.After the operation,no CSFL occurred in8of 11patients,and the other3cases with postoperative CSFL were cured5,14and17days by dressing change,blocking the wound with gelatin sponge,and suturing of the wound respectively.All patients were followed up for 10to62months(mean,26months).No cerebrospinal fluid cyst and infection occurred.There were no significant negative effects of CSFL on the recovery of neuromuscular function.Conclusion CSFL following cervical anterior surgery can be cured by blocking up leakage of spinal dura during operation,however,conventional conservative treatment including of dressing change,antibiotics administration,horizontal position with low pillow are necessary after operation.