The dysfunction of the upper limbs in tetraplegia depends on the level of spinal cord injury, and needs different type of upper limb orthosis.

Objective To study the design and fabricating method, biomechanical effect and practicablity of the orthosis for patients suffering from large femoral bone defect and leg length discrepancy and study the effect of the orthosis on patients' equilibrium, walking function and gait. Methods By four stages we finally made ischial weight bearing orthosis with prosthetic feet, and then analysed its biomechanical effect and efficiency, evaluated balance and walking function of patients.Results The orthosis, according with principle of biomechanics, realized patients' wish of walking without crutch. The energy consumption and balanced capacity of patients wearing orthosis were much better while walking distance parameters came close to normal. Conclusion Ischial weight bearing orthosis with prosthetic feet can help patients reconstruct walking function, therefore can be recommended.

Objective To apply the prosthesis and orthosis to improve the walking ability of patients after meningomyelocele.Methods A case was reported.Results and Conclusion After wearing prosthesis and orthosis combined with physical therapy for 3 weeks,She could walk 1000 m with only one hand crutch and the speed reached to 36 m/min.

ObjectiveTo design a reciprocal gait prosthesis connecting with the other prosthetic accessories for the bilateral hip disarticulation amputees.MethodsThe principle of reciprocal gait orthosis for paraplegia was used in the design, fitting reciprocal gait prosthesis for an amputee, which was compared with an ordinary bilateral Canadian type hip disarticulation prosthesis in the walking velocity and energy expenditure.ResultsThe amputee walked at lower energy expenditure and more like normal gait with reciprocal gait prosthesis while the walking velocity decreased, compared with the conventional prosthesis.ConclusionThis reciprocal gait prosthesis for bilateral hip disarticulation amputee needs less energy expenditure during walking like normal gait.

With the development of the industry, all the parts of bilateral hip disarticulation prosthesis have been improved. The patients with bilateral hip disarticulation prosthesis can achieve the swing-to gait or swing-through gait, even the reciprocal gait.