OBJECTIVE:To prospectively investigate the effects of enalapril in decreasing ACE activity,renal function protection in diabetic nephropathy(DN)patients and prevention of deterioration from DN METHODS:62 DN patients were divided into two groups,31 in each group,the sex,age,disease duration and condition were comparable In treatment group,patients received enalapril 10mg/d in addition to routine anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypertensive agents,in control group,patients had only routine treatment The observation lasted 18～36 months(mean 26 months) The BP,blood sugar and renal functions were compared between two groups before and after treatment RESULTS:In treatment group,blood sugar,BP and renal functions were significantly improved after treatment of enalapril(P0 05) CONCLUSION:Enalapril can lower ACE activity and protect the renal function,these effects do not depend on it’s anti-hypertension result

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death,is a normal process contributing to tissue tumor during development and in the adult.During development apoptosis is involved in tissue homeostasis and eliminating nonfunctional,superfluous or harmful cells.It is an active process controlled by some gene and factors such as caspases, bcl-2, Fas/FasL and NO.Type 1 diabetes mellitus is regarded as a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from progressive destruction of insulin-producing ?-cells in the pancreas.The relationship between apoptosis with its modulation and type 1 diabetes mellitus was reviwed.

The immunohistochemical staining showed the connexin 43 (Cx43) was strongly expressed (average gray value, AGV=230±5), distributed at junction area and intercalated disks of cardiocytes in normal rats,and much less expressed (AGV 193±4) (P<0.01) and distribution-disorganized in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This may be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic myocardial lesions.

A Review Nitric oxide(NO) is a biologically active molecule in vivo ,it has been found to play an important role not only as a cytotoxic effector but also an immune regulatory mediator and a signal molecule of message transmission.The inducible NO synthase (iNOS) produces NO after cells were activated and play a rather complicated pathophysiological action in a variety of human diseases or disorders. The molecular biological character of iNOS,its expression in human diseases and probable significance were reviewed.

Objective To research on and analyze the relationship between the clinical situation and karyotype of 30 patients with Turner syndrome (TS).Methods Lymphocytes of peripheral blood were cultured,then karyotyped by G banding and R banding technique.The relationship between clinical situation and karyotype of patients with TS were analyzed.Results The karyotype of TS could be divided into 4 groups:45,XO;mosaicism;with aberration of X chromosome structure and with Y chromosome.The mosaicism was the most popular.The more abnormal karyotype was,the more typical sexual non-development.Conclusion The typical patients with TS had the clinical features of microsomia,menoschesis,sexual non-development and special somatotype.The different clinical features are decided by the degree of abnormal karyotype and the proportion between abnormal cells and normal cells.Besides,the patients with TS who have Y chromosome always show hemaphrodism and must be taken ganadectomy.

Objective To explore the relationship among the level of blood glucose and lipid, the cerebral infarction(CI) size, neurological deficits, efficacy, complications and mortality in diabetic patients complicated with cerebral infarction. Methods The clinical data of 60 diabetic patients complicated with cerebral infarction were compared with those of 60 cerebral infarction patients with normoglycemia. Results Compared with cerebral infarction of patients with normoglycemia, that of diabetic patients occurred in the main artery branch, who had larger infarct size, more neurological deficits,worse efficacy,more complications and higher mortality. The frequency of complications and mortality were positively related with the level of glycemia and blood lipid in the diabetic patients complicated with cerebral infarction. Conclusion Hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia could aggravate the brain damage in diabetic patients complicated with cerebral infarction. Controlling hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia was beneficial to the prognosis of cerebral infarction.

Objective To explore the relationship among the blood glucose level and cerebral infarction(CI) size, neurological deficits, clinical outcome, complications and mortality in diabetic patients with cerebral infarction. Methods 60 cases of diabetes complicated with cerebral infarction and 60 normoglycemic patients with cerebral infarction were enrolled in this study, and the clinical data were compared between the two groups of patients. Results Compared with normoglycemic patients with cerebral infarction, diabetic patients with cerebral infarction had larger infarct size,more neurological deficits, worse clinical outcome,more complications and higher mortality because cerebral infarction occurred in the main branch. Infarction size was positively related with blood glucose level. Conclusion Hyperglycemia aggravated cerebral infarction and brain damage.Proper insulin administration to control blood glucose level was beneficial to the treatment and prognosis of cerebral infarction.

Objective To explore the effects of Leonurus heterophyllus sweet injection(LHS)on myocardial cell apoptosis and proliferation activity in the diabetic cardiomyopathy rats induced by STZ.Methods From March to September of 2004,STZ-induced DCM model was established.The diabetic rats were divided into three groups:untreated DCM group,treated group by LHS injection and normal control group.At the end of 16 weeks,myocardial tissue of the rats was collected as experimental material to examine apoptosis by using TUNEL,electromicroscopic changes(ultrastructure)and related gene expression(Fas,FasL,Bax,Bcl-2)as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)with immunohistochemistry method.Results 1.Compared with the DCM group,only a few myotomes of cardiac myocytes in LHS-treated group were out of their positions.There was no myofibril melt and the mitochondria structure kept intact.2.Compared with the DCM group,the numbers of myocardial cell apoptosis were significantly decreased(P

BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is closely related to the high incident rate of diabetic heart failure. It is extremely significant to set up the successful dietetic cardiomyopathy model for the study on improving cardiac function.OBJECTIVE: To understand the influence of high blood sugar on myocardium by setting up the model of type 2 diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy.DESIGN: Completely randomized design, randomized and controlled study,in which, the experimental animals were taken as the objects.SETTING: Department of endocrinology of a university.METHODS: In the experiment, 99 newly born Wistar male rats were employed, randomized into experiment group (75 rats) and the control group(24 rats). In the control group, abdominal injection was done with sodium citrate buffer and the single abdominal injection was done with strptozocin(STZ)90 mg/kg in the experiment group. Ten weeks later, the glucose tolerance was assayed to determine the set-up of diabetes model. The ultrastructure of myocardium of rats was tested under electronic microscope after being sacrificed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To observer whether the myofibrillae and mitochondria of myocardiocytes alter or not in diabetic rats.RESULTS: In the experiment group, the fasting blood sugar[(8.87± 0.76)mmol/L] was slightly higher than that[ (5.88 ± 0. 45)mmol/L] in the control group, the blood sugar 2 hours after meal was remarkably higher than that in the control group and the glucose tolerance was abnormal. Under the electronic microscope, the myofibrillae presented focal degeneration and disarranged order of myofilament; mitochondria of myocardiocytes presented swelling and focal proliferation.CONCLUSION: This model is the satisfactory carrier for the study on diabetes Ⅱ and its myocardiopathy, which lays an experimental foundation for the study on cardiac function of type 2 diabetes.

Objective To deepen the clinicians' impression on the Laurance-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome(LMBBS),we made a summary in the incidence and clinical manifestations of the disease in China comparing with foreigners.Methods We made evidence-based meta-analysis about the 2 cases reports in 1987 and 2003 in our hospital and literature review of 462 cases in foreign countries and 94 cases in China.Results LMBBS patients,with more frequency of consanguinity and family history,retinal dystrophy,mental retardation,obesity,polydactyly,hypogenitalism,often had many complicated and variable clinical manifestations.Conclusion To avoid intrafamiliy marriage would reduce the incidence rate.The diagnostic criteria and ascertainment methods introduced recently do benefit the early diagnosis in their childhood period.