In order to compare the difference of cyp2e1 gene expression between patients with hepatic cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice,and to investigate the pharmacologic significance behind this difference,liver samples were obtained from patients undergoing hepatic surgery with hepatic cirrhosis( n =7),obstructive jaundice( n =6) and normal tissue of hepatic angioma (controls, n =6). Total hepatic RNA were extracted using the one step method, cyp2e1 cDNA probe prepared by primer randomly marked method, and difference of cyp2e1 expression was compared among patients by Northern blotting.Compared with control group, the expressions of cyp2e1 in liver tissue among patients with obstructive jaundice were evidently reduced, while expression of this gene in cirrhosis liver was unaltered. CYP2E1 isoenzyme encoded by cyp2e1 decreased among patients with obstructive jaundice as expression of cyp2e1 gene significantly reduced, liver ability for metabolism of inhalant anesthetics declined consequently, under some special conditions, hepato nephric toxicity of anesthetics might be aggravated.

Prolonged P-wave duration has been observed in diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible mechanisms. A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was used. P-wave durations were obtained using surface electrocardiography and sizes of the left atrium were determined using echocardiography. Cardiac inward rectifier K+ currents (I(k1)), Na+ currents (I(Na)), and action potentials were recorded from isolated left atrial myocytes using patch clamp techniques. Left atrial tissue specimens were analyzed for total connexin-40 (Cx40) and connexin-43 (Cx43) expression levels on western-blots. Specimens were also analyzed for Cx40 and Cx43 distribution and interstitial fibrosis by immunofluorescent and Masson trichrome staining, respectively. The mean P-wave duration was longer in T2DM rats than in controls; however, the mean left atrial sizes of each group of rats were similar. The densities of I(k1) and I(Na) were unchanged in T2DM rats compared to controls. The action potential duration was longer in T2DM rats, but there was no significant difference in resting membrane potential or action potential amplitude compared to controls. The expression level of Cx40 protein was significantly lower, but Cx43 was unaltered in T2DM rats. However, immunofluorescent labeling of Cx43 showed a significantly enhanced lateralization. Staining showed interstitial fibrosis was greater in T2DM atrial tissue. Prolonged P-wave duration is not dependent on the left atrial size in rats with T2DM. Dysregulation of Cx40 and Cx43 protein expression, as well as fibrosis, might partly account for the prolongation of P-wave duration in T2DM.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Connexin 43/metabolism ; Connexins/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Fibrosis/pathology ; Heart Atria/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of FTY720 on apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell line U266 and to clarify the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by FTY720.

METHODSU266 cells were treated with 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µmol/L of FTY720 for 24 hours, the apoptotic rates were tested by flow cytometry with Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining. Then U266 cells were treated with 20 µmol/L FTY720 for 0, 6, 16 and 24 hours, the apoptotic rates were tested. U266 cells were treated with DMSO and FTY720 separately and then were stained with DAPI for 5 min. Drop the cells to the slides and cover the slide with the glass. The cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy. U266 cells were treated with 5 µmol/L FTY720 or together with different doses of Z-VAD-fmk (12.5, 25, 50 µmol/L), a pancaspase inhibitor, for 24 hours, then the cell viability was tested by CCK-8. U266 cells were treated with 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µmol/L of FTY720 for 24 hours, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was tested by Western blot. U266 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10 and 20 µmol/L of FTY720 for 24 hours, the expressions of MCL-1, survivin, BCL-2, BID, BAX, BAK, P-ERK were tested by Western blot.

RESULTSThe apoptotic rate increased in U266 cells treated with FTY720 and showed the characteristic of time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Karyopyknosis and nuclearfragmentation could be observed in U266 cells treated with FTY720 after being stained with DAPI under fluorescent microscope. The same effect was not observed in the cells treated with DMSO. Z-VAD-fmk could rescue the apoptosis in U266 cells treated with FTY720 in dose-dependent manner. The expression of MCL-1, survivin and BCL-2 decreased in U266 cells treated with FTY720. The cleavage of BID could be observed in U266 cells treated with FTY720. FTY720 had no effect on the expression of BAX, BAK and P-ERK.

CONCLUSIONFTY720 can induce the apoptosis in U266 cells, the apoptosis was Caspase-3-depended. The apoptosis induced by FTY720 is due to the decrease of MCL-1, survivin and BCL-2, which are the inhibitors of apoptosis. Meanwhile, the apoptosis was also due to the activation of BID, which is pro-apoptotic protein.

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Multiple Myeloma

OBJECTIVETo observe the result of relaxation laryngoplasty in the management of mutational falsetto.

METHODSThe thyroplasty type 3 was applied and improved (the saturation was improved in the traditional operation, which the thyroid cartilage stick was cut off and overlapped without saturation in improved group 1, while the thyroid cartilage stick was not cut off and overlapped inward without saturation in improved group 2) in 30 adult patients who failed in voice modification. Preoperative and postoperative fundamental frequency (F0), normalised noise energy (NNE) and reading essay were compared.

RESULTSF0 dropped significantly from the preoperative mean of (276.5 +/- 46.7) Hz [see equation in text] to the postoperative mean of (127.5 +/- 32.1) Hz in one month (t = 13.68, P < 0.001), while the NNE dropped significantly from the preoperative mean of (-10.9 +/- 4.9) dB to the postoperative mean of (-7.7 +/- 4.1) dB, the difference was statistically significant (t = 4.07, P < 0.001). In the three kinds of operation, the postoperative F0 in the improved group 1 dropped most significantly (compared with traditional operation group t = 2.64, P< 0.05). The postoperative NNE in the improved group 2 increased minimally. The difference was not significant statistically compared with other two kinds of operations (P > 0.05). The pitch dropped in all cases during reading aloud and conversation, while the voice breaks was disappeared.

CONCLUSIONSRelaxation laryngoplasty was proved to be an efficient procedure in the surgical management of mutational falsetto.It was a preferable option for the patients who failed in voice modification. The improved operation profited to recover natural intonation and lighten the hoarseness due to glottic incompetence.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Laryngoplasty ; methods ; Larynx ; surgery ; Male ; Thyroid Cartilage ; surgery ; Voice Disorders ; surgery ; Voice Quality ; Young Adult

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Myxoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVEAlveolar type II (AT II) cells play a crucial role in the maintenance of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis and pulmonary immunity. The effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on the ultrastructure of AT II cells after acute lung injury remain unknown. This study focused on the ultrastructural changes caused by acute lung injury and on the effects of Dex administration on these ultrastructural changes in young rats.

METHODSSeventy-two 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, acute lung injury and Dex-treated groups. Rats in the lung injury group were intraperitoneally injected with 4 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to induce acute lung injury, while the control rats were injected with the same amount of normal saline (NS). The Dex-treated group was injected first with LPS followed 1 hr later by Dex (5 mg/kg) injection. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed 24, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS or NS injection. Lung samples were obtained from the lower parts of left lungs and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscope examination.

RESULTSMicrovilli of AT II cells disappeared and the number of lamellar bodies (LBs) increased in the lung injury group 24 hrs after LPS injection. The ring-like arrangement of LBs around nuclei was present until 48 hrs after LPS injection. By 48 hrs after LPS injection, giant LBs with vacuole-like abnormalities appeared. The shape of nuclei became irregular and the border of the nuclei became blurred. By 72 hrs after LPS injection, the number of LBs was obviously reduced; nucleoli disappeared; and karyolysis occurred in some of the nuclei. In contrast, in the Dex-treated group, LBs crowded on one side of AT II cells and exocytosis appeared on the same side by 24 hrs after LPS injection. By 48 hrs, the number of LBs was reduced. The number of mitochondria increased, and some of them became swollen and enlarged. However, by 72 hrs, the number of LBs increased and the ring-like arrangement of LBs around the nucleus again appeared.

CONCLUSIONSUltrastructural changes of AT II cells following lung injury induced by LPS were time-dependent in young rats. Dex may ameliorate AT II cell injury and promote functional restoration of AT II cells in LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Animals ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology

Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) is a class B infectious disease, which is prevented and controlled according to class A infectious diseases. Recently, children′s NCP cases have gradually increased, and children′s fever outpatient department has become the first strategic pass to stop the epidemic. Strengthening the management of the fever diagnosis process is very important for early detection of suspected children, early isolation, early treatment and prevention of cross-infection. This article proposes prevention and control strategies for fever diagnosis, optimizes processes, prevents cross-infection, health protection and disinfection of medical staff, based on the relevant diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control programs of the National Health and Health Commission and on the diagnosis and treatment experience of experts in various provinces and cities. The present guidance summarizes current strategies on pre-diagnosis; triage, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection in common fever, suspected and confirmed children, which provide practical suggestions on strengthening the management processes of children′s fever in outpatient department during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic period.