Objective To observe the effect of electric activity in the nucleus of solitary tract and the expression of NMDAR2 and GLAST in the zone of hippocampal gyrus after sleep deprivation in younger rats, in order to provide some theoretical basis for clinical therapeutie strategy. Methods Synchronous experiment was conducted with electrophysiological method. The changes in electric-activity of nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) were determined. Immunohistochemical method was employed to detected the expression of NMDAR2 and Glast in the zone of hippocampal gyrus in younger rats with sleep deprivation. Results The electric activity in nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) increased gradually along with sleep deprivation for 3 days, and the electric activity was much increased on the 7th day of sleep deprivation. In the second week of sleep deprivation, the electric activity in NTS was restrained. In the zone of hippocampal gyrus, the expression of both NMDAR2 and GLAST was increased significantly with 3-day sleep deprivation, and on the 5th day, the expression was much increased, while on the 7th day the expression decreased gradually. However, the expression of both NMDAR2 and GLAST in the zone of hippocampal gyrus in the second week of sleep deprivation was similar to that of the control group. Conclusion Sleep deprivation can exert a marked influence on the electric activity of the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS), and may interfere with the ability of study and memory in younger rats.

To observe the effect of liver transplantation on gastric mucosa lesions and the changes in plasma superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),interleukin 1(IL 1) and prostaglandin(PG) between before and after liver transplantation, a hepatic cirrhosis model was established in rats by subcutaneous injection of 40% carbon tetrachloride. Rat liver transplantation was made with the two cuff technique. By immunohistochemical method,we observed the effect of liver transplantation on rat gastric mucosa lesions. Using chemical method the changes in plasma SOD, MDA,IL 1 and PG between before and after liver transplantation were observed.The results showed that gastric mucosal lesions alleviated significantly after liver transplantation in rats with liver cirrhosis,and lesion index decreased gradually.The plasma levels of SOD decreased,MDA increased,and the plasma levels of IL 1, PGE 2 increased gradually after liver transplantation. Therefore, liver transplantation can improve gastric mucosal lesion, and this effect may be connected with its action on oxygen radicals, PG and IL 1.

Metabolic reprogramming is a malignancy hallmark, which refers to the ability of cancer cells to alter metabolic and nutrient acquisition modes in order to support the energy demands for accomplishing the rapid growth, dissemination, metastasis and obtain the "building blocks" needed to maintain cell division. When solid tumors are exposed to low pH, low oxygen and tumor microenvironment with nutrient deficiencies, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 can be activated, which mediates the remodeling of metabolic patterns in tumor cells, namely, energy is obtained by circulating intracellular components (removing substrates such as proteins and lipid) or by utilizing adaptive metabolic reprogramming (such as glycolysis, autophagy and lipid metabolism, etc.). As a treatment scheme based on local heating of tumors, hyperthermia has a variety of anticancer mechanisms and can be used in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and biological immune therapy. In this review, we briefly discussed the metabolic remodeling model mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in a hypoxia microenvironment, described the possible regulatory mechanism of hyperthermia on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and prospected the application of hyperthermia in oral and maxillofacial tumors.

Objective: To observe the expressions of NMDAR2 and GLAST in the hippocampal gyrus and supraoptic nucleus(SON) under sleep deprivation in young rats.Methods: The changes in expressions of NMDAR2 and GLAST in SON and hippocampal gyrus under sleep deprivation in younger rats were observed by immunohistochemistry method. Results:The expressions of NMDAR2 and GLAST in SON and the hippocampal gyrus were significantly increased on the 3rd day of sleep deprivation,even more sigificantly on the 5th day,decreased gradually on 7th day,and became similar to those of control group on the 14th day.Conclusion: Sleep deprivation can affect the expressions of NMDAR2 and GLAST in the hippocampal gyrus and supraoptic nucleus,but the effect diminisshes gradually with prolonged time,which may be associated with self-regulation and self-protection of the central nervous system.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the new nanomaterials,polyamidoamine dendrimers PAMAM-D,mediated foreign gene human decay accelerating factor(hDAF) for xenotransplantation transfected pig sperm cells.Methods:PAMAM-D/hDAF cDNA compounds were made.The compounds were divided into 0.2 μg,0.4μg,0.6μg,0.8 μg and 1.0μg groups (each group adding corresponding dose of PAMAM-D in accordance with the N/P ratio 10:1,20:1,40:1),then were digested by restriction enzymes.The compounds were incubated with washed pig sperm cells.Then the transfection efficiency was detected by in situ hybridization in the different groups.Results:The PAMAM-D molecule can prevent electrophoretic migration of DNA in the compound.After digested the compounds by restriction enzymes,DNA can not be degraded.The transfection efficiency was different in different groups.Among the total,the efficiency was higher in both groups of 0.4 μg and 0.6μg than that of others.The top was the group of 0.4 μg linear plasmid plus PAMAM-D when the N/P ratio was 20:1(47.5%±O.2%,167% vs control group).Conclusion:PAMAM-D can improve the efficiency of exogenous gene transfeeted pig sperm cells,which can reinforce the stable binding of exogenous DNA to sperm cells.

Objective To investigate the changes of the levels of TNF and IL 8 in blood and in gastric mucosa and their mRNA expression after liver ischemia reperfusion (I/R). Methods 130 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) sham operation group(control group, n=10);(2)liver ischemia reperfusion group (n=60), including ischemia for 20min and 40min, and reperfusion for 1h, 24h and 72h respectively; (3) liver I/R rats treated with famotidine group (n=60). ALT and AST were detected after operation, pathomorphological changes of gastric mucosa were studied by light microscope and transmission electronic microscope, the concentrations of TNF and IL 8 in blood and gastric mucosa were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), TNF mRNA and IL 8 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization. Results After liver I/R,inflammatory damage appeared in gastric mucosa, TNF and IL 8 concertrations increased significantly(P

Objective:The investigate the roles and significance of HIF-1α and CYPJ in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell (TSCC), and further evaluate the regulatory effect of hyperthermia (HT) on HIF-1α and CYPJ in TSCC cells.Methods:Eighty samples of cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from TSCC patients were collected. The expression levels of HIF-1α and CYPJ were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting (WB) and fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the relationship between the expression levels of HIF-1α and CYPJ and clinicopathological characteristics was further analyzed. The expression levels of HIF-1α and CYPJ in Cal-27 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions for 24 h when combined with HT (42℃), chemotherapy and both were detected by qPCR and WB. Cell migration was detected by cell scratch test and cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Results:The expression levels of HIF-1α and CYPJ proteins in the tumor tissues of TSCC patients were higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues, which were significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis in TSCC patients (all P<0.05), whereas they were not correlated with gender or age (all P>0.05). The expression levels of HIF-1α and CYPJ in Cal-27 cells were significantly up-regulated in the hypoxic microenvironment (both P<0.05), which were also significantly enhanced by hyperthermia alone (both P<0.05). Compared with hyperthermia or chemotherapy alone, hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy significantly inhibited the expression of HIF-1α and CYPJ, suppressed cell migration and promoted cell apoptosis (all P<0.05). Conclusions:HIF-1α and CYPJ may be potential biomarkers for TSCC tumorigenicity and prognosis. In addition, tumor recurrence after hyperthermia may be due to the role of hyperthermia in triggering HIF-1α expression, which promotes the growth and survival of tumor cells adaptive to hyperthermia treatment by activating the downstream target genes, while hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy may be a promising treatment for TSCC.

In recent years, tumor hyperthermia has become a hot research topic as an adjuvant therapy to traditional tumor therapy. Hyperthermia can directly induce tumor cell necrosis or apoptosis, or inhibit tumor progression by destroying tumor blood vessels. Meantime, it can also activate the response of immune cells and cytokines in the immune system of the host, thereby regulating the immune state of tumor microenvironment. Multiple combined effects influence the tumor progression. A thorough understanding of the biological mechanism of hyperthermia is beneficial to the development of novel therapeutic methods. In this paper, the biological mechanism of hyperthermia in killing tumors was mainly reviewed.

Obiective: To explore the method and clinical effect of epicanthal plasty. Methods: Transverse incision of epicanthus was applied on the horizontal line of the epicanthus to separate and release the orbicularis oculi muscle and the fibrous tissue and moderately remove the abnormal orbicularis oculi muscle. The redundant triangular flap under the incision was removed, and the superficial ligament of epicanthus was sutured and fixed to the dorsal nasal fascia with 1 stitch, so as to achieve correcting the epicanthus. Results: The epicanthus of the 121 patients was corrected after the surgery with their lacrimal caruncle exposed. The appearance of the endocanthion is pleasing, the skin of the endocanthion is smooth, the scar is invisible, and the oculi rimae is lengthened 1 to 3 mm. Conclusions The operation has achieved a satisfactory effect. Therefore, the horizontal transection to remove the triangular flap is applicable for most epicanthus due to its simplicity and practicality, as well as the invisible scar and simultaneous manipulation with other operations. These features might be significant for a wider clinical application.

Tumor microenvironment possesses immunosuppression characteristics via the mechanism of inducing tumor cell immune escape. The interaction between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment is an important factor affecting tumor genesis and development. As an important part of tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts interact directly or indirectly with tumor cells and produce various cytokines to regulate tumor immune microenvironment. In recent years, hyperthermia has become an auxiliary means of anti-tumor therapy. With the development of research on tumor hyperthermia and tumor microenvironment, a large number of studies have found that hyperthermia can regulate cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment. In this article, recent research progresses of the effects of hyperthermia on cancer-associated fibroblasts and related cells and cytokines in tumor microenvironment were reviewed, providing a new way for clinical application of hyperthermia combined with immune or targeted therapy.