Objective To explore the peripheral blood T lymphocytes cell level in different grades of cerebral gliomas pa-tients at the time of before and after operation and its clinical significance .Methods A total of 80 cases of brain tumor patients from February 2010 to February 2012 in this hospital were chosed as study objects ,included 57 cases of glioma ,23 cases of other brain tumors ;57 cases of glioma were divided into 19 cases of low grade group and 38 cases of high grade group accorded to WHO grading standards ,and 50 cases of healthy people in same period were selected as control group .Venous blood in three groups were extracted at 1st day and 1st week after operation ,to detected the level of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and analyze the relationship between the different grade gliomas and prognosis .Results The peripheral blood CD3 + ,CD4 + ,CD4 + /CD8 + in control group were significantly higher than that of other brain tumor group and the glioma group ,CD8 + was significantly lower than that of the two groups(P< 0 .05) .Compared with other tumor group ,peripheral blood CD3 + ,CD4 + ,CD4 + /CD8 + in glioma group de-creased significantly ,CD8 + increased significantly(P< 0 .05) ;before and after the operation ,the CD3 + and CD4 + /CD8 + levels were significantly higher in low grade group than in the high grade group ,CD8 + was significantly lower in low grade group than in the high grade group(P< 0 .05) ,at the time of 1st week after operation ,CD3 + and CD4 + /CD8 + increased ,CD8 + decreased significant-ly of two groups when intra-group comparison (P < 0 .05) .The median survival time were 31 months in low grade group and 13 months in high grade group ,and the singnificance was found in two groups(P< 0 .05) .The median survival time were 34 months in CD4 + /CD8 + > 1 group and 17 months in CD4 + /CD8 + < 1 group ,the singnificance was found in two groups(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The immune function of patients with brain glioma is inhibited ,the higher the malignancy of the tumor ,the more obvious of im-mune inhibition ;T lymphocyte subsets level could be used as evaluating index of malignant degree and prognosis of brain glioma .