Objective To understand the cogniton,attitude and behavior of the psychological counseling in college students,and the results should be helpful to mental health promotion programs.Methods 585 college students were recruited by a cluster sampling.A self-designed questionnaire about the psychological consultation was finished by the subjects.All the data were entered a database with Epi Data V3.1 software.Statistical analysis of the data was done on the SPSS software (V13.0).Chi-square test was used to compare the constituent ratio difference among different groups.Results 64.10% students considered the function of counseling was to help person better understand themselves;63.72% of students agreed with that it is very necessary to carry out psychological counseling in college.When they encountered some confusion which beyond their ability to solve,they will at first resort to their friends,parents other than counseling Center in campus.32.58% of students didn’t know the counseling center in their college.Only 8.38% of students ever went to the counseling center.Conclusions Although the majority of students hold positive attitudes and cognition about psychological counseling.However,their behavior was negative.It is contradictory between their cognition and behavior.It is very necessary to explore the deeper reasons and carry out some targeted health education in college students.

Objective Serum glycated albumin (GA) is associated with the levels of blood glucose and short term glycemic fluctuation. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between GA and arterial stiffness in a health screening population. Method A total of 11 014 participants (men, 56.2%;mean age, 46.8±7.8 years) who attended physical examination were invited and had completed standardized questionnaires. Serum GA and homocysteine (HCY), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) were measured. A series of single and multiple factor analyses and stratified analysis were performed. Result The mean level of serum GA was lower in men (13.69 ± 2.69) than in women (13.82 ± 1.92) (t=2.78, P=0.005). The values of baPWV (men: F=53.9, P for trend<0.001;women:F=37.7, P for trend<0.001) and cSBP (men:F=10.3, P for trend<0.001;women:F=13.5, P for trend<0.001) increased with quartiles of GA levels in both men and women. After adjustment for age, history of hypertension, diabetes, family history of diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipids, kidney function, fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, and hemoglobin A1c, GA was positively associated with baPWV (βestimate, 0.019;95%CI:0.002-0.036;P=0.032) and cSBP (βestimate, 0.251; 95% CI: 0.107-0.394; P=0.001) in men. Stratified analysis also showed that the positive associations of GA with baPWV and cSBP remained significant in men both with and without diabetes or hypertension (P<0.05). However, the association between GA and HCY was not significant in multifactor analysis and stratified analysis. The above results were similar in women. Conclusion Serum GA levels were positively associated with baPWV and cSBP not only in patients with diabetes or hypertension but also in participants without diabetes or hypertension after adjusting for conventional factors and glucose markers. The findings suggest that GA may help detect the development of arterial stiffness in the health screening population.

Aim To study protective effects of Total of flacone C(TFC) against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Four-vessel occlusion method was used to make acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. Rats were initiated by ischemia for 30 min followed by 40 min of reperfusion.The electroencephalography(EEG) during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was recorded.The level of intracellular calcium ion concentration([Ca~(2+)]i) in cerebral cells after ischemia was measured by using a Ca~(2+) indicator Fura-2/AM.Superoxide dismutase(SOD),Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),nitric oxide Synthase(NOS) activeties and Malondialdehyde(MDA),Nitric Oxide(NO)contents in the ischemia cerebral cortex were measured.Results TFC can improved the EEG change,significantly attenuated the decrease of the intracellular calcium ion concentration([Ca~(2+)]_i), remarkly increased GSH-Px,SOD and NOS activities in the cerebrum,inhibit the decrease of LDH activity and NO,MDA contents.Conclusion TFC has protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,the mechanism may be related to attenuating free radical,[Ca~(2+)]i overload and NO.

Objective To observe the protective effect of total flavone of Camellia (TFC)against cerebral ischemic injury.Methods Decapitation method and close hypoxia method were used to observe the effect of TFC on anoxic tolerance of mice and step down test was used to observe the effect of TFC on learning and memory; after ischemia, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA)and nitric oxide (NO)and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)were detected. Rat models with acute incompletely cerebral ischemia were established by means of ligating right common carotid arteries and effect of TFC on cerebral water volume, permeability of cerebral vessels and cerebral histopathological changes were also observed.Results TFC prolonged the grasping time after decapitation and the survival time after anoxia in mice, and improve the learning and memory during the step down test. TFC decreased MDA and NO contents, counteracted the de creases of LDH activities in the mice cerebral cortex, reduced the water volume and permeability of cerebral vessels in ischemic rats and improve the cerebral hitstopathological changes. Conclusion TFC has protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of free radicals and NO production.

AIM: To investigate the protective effects of total of flavone C (TFC) on acute cerebral ischemia in mice and focal cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS: The occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries with vagus nerves in mice was used for make the acute cerebral ischemia models. The survival time and the death rate were observed. The permanent occlusion of the proximal of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was used for make the focal cerebral ischemia models. The extent of neurological deficits was observed, and the infarct area was measured by NBT staining technique. The activity of LDH and the content of MDA and NO in the ischemic cerebral cortex were determined. RESULTS: TFC of 80 and 40 mg?kg -1 prolonged the survival time and decreased the death rate of mice with acute cerebral ischemia injury. TFC of 60, 30, and 15 mg?kg -1 ameliorated neurologic deficits score and the infarct size of rats with MCAO. CONCLUSION: TFC provides significant protective effects against cerebral ischemia injury.

Objective To assess the effect of lifestyle intervention on risk factors of chronic disease.Methods A total of 400 adults with high-risk of chronic disease received 3 months' lifestyle intervention.The effect of lifestyle intervention was then estimated.Results A total of 387 adults took physical examination.After lifestyle intervention,body mass index,waist circumference,blood pressure,glucose,glyceride,total cholesterol,and high density liopportein were significant decreased (t values were 27.50,19.01,7.46,6.56,5.29,7.74,7.27 and-7.64,respectively; all P＜0.05); however,low density liopportein showed no significant difference (t=0.73,P=0.469).A total of 373 adults had lifestyle and cardiovascular risk estimated.The scores of lifestyle and physical exercise showed statistically significant difference before and after lifestyle intervention (x2 values were 48.405 and 50.778,respectively; both P＜0.05).However,diet,alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking showed no significant difference (x2 values were 0.087,0.112 and 1.410,respectively; all P＞0.05).Moreover,the estimated cardiovascular risk showed significant difference (x2=10.284,P＜0.05).Conclusion Lifestyle intervention could be an effective tool for those with higher risk of chronic disease.

Objective To study the status and risk factors for falling down in elderly people in rural areas, and to provide evidences for preventions. Methods A total of 1 003 farmers aged 60 years old and over were surveyed to study the falls occurred during the previous 12 months before March 2001 in the elderly in a town of Laizhou City by cluster sampling method. Results The average incidence of falling down was 22.6%, 15.9% for men and 28.4% for women, respectively. The risk factors of falls included gender, age, single-living, falling history in the previous year, at least combined two kinds of chronic diseases, manifesting at least two symptoms, gait abnormalities, as well as complaining poor physical status and poorer general conditions than the previous year. Less social actions was negatively associated with the falls. Conclusions The falling in the elderly walkers results from an outcome of combination of multifactors. Since the complex pathogenesis, it should be prevented by a combination of several methods.

Objective To provide scientific support for the prevention and control of expressway traffic injury by analyzing the epidemiological features of expressway traffic injury in China.Methods The secular trend and epidemiologic features of expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 in China were analyzed.The indicators including mortality of mileage,accident rate of mileage,and accident mortality were used to evaluate the severity of expressway traffic injury in China.Cluster analysis was used to compare the differences of accident rate of mileage and accident mortality from 29 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions.Results Except for the yearly increase of the accident mortality and the fluctuant decrease of the mortality and accident rate of mileage,other indicators reflecting the domestic expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 were increased and then decreased,when the decreased indicators were still higher than those in 1994.In addition to the number of accidents of the four basic traffic injury indicators,the proportions of other three indicators(number of wounded and death,direct property damage)in the road traffic injury were increased year by year and the increase was the most obvious in regard of the direct property damage which had accounted for more than 30％ since 2006.The data from 2007 to 2009 showed that the peak time of traffic accidents was at around 4:00 am and around 4:00 pm.The traffic accidents caused by the drivers accounted for 93.02％ and the drivers with less than five years of driving accounted for 40.92％.Pedestrians and passengers were vulnerable to the expressway traffic injury and the accident mortality was the highest(72.75 per 100 accidents).Rear collision(44.17％)and bumping the fixed objects(16.35％)were the major accident types.There was a high accident proportion on the dry road(77.60％)and sunshine day(65.39％).Conclusions With worsening situation of the expressway traffic injury in China,we should,based on the epidemiological features of traffic injury on expressway,take appropriate measures such as strengthening traffic management of expressway and education of road users and improving the emergency medical service level.

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence and influencing factors of psychological violence among college students in Guangzhou in 2010.

METHODSConvenience sampling method was used and 2 200 college students from 61 classes of three universities in Guangzhou were interviewed with self-designed questionnaire about the incidence and influencing factors of the psychological violence in 2010. The valid sample was 2 060. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess the incidence and influencing factors of the psychological violence between different genders.

RESULTSA total of 66.3% (1 365/2 060) college students reported having experienced at least one kind of psychological violence during the past 12 months, either as a perpetrator or as a victim. The proportion of psychological violence among males (72.3%, 775/1 072) was significantly higher than that in females (59.7%, 590/988)(χ(2) = 36.39, P < 0.05). The incidence of perpetration only, victimization only, and both perpetration and victimization of psychological violence were 16.1% (331/2 060), 8.9% (184/2 060) and 41.3% (850/2 060), respectively. The incidence of victimization only in females was 10.4% (103/988), which was significantly higher than that in males (7.6%, 81/1 072) (χ(2) = 5.20, P < 0.05). The incidence of both perpetration and victimization in males was 47.3% (507/1 072), which was significantly higher than that in females (34.7%, 343/988) (χ(2) = 33.56, P < 0.05). In males, the multinomial logistic regression showed the risk factors for perpetration only was having harmful behavior habits (OR = 1.90). For victimization only, the risk factors were with siblings (OR = 2.42) and prior mistreatment by teachers from primary to senior high school (OR = 1.78). For both perpetration and victimization, the risk factors were with siblings (OR = 1.88), having harmful behavior habits (OR = 1.98), bad family economic conditions (difficult OR = 1.99, general OR = 1.67) and prior mistreatment by teachers from primary to senior high school(OR = 2.07). In females, the risk factors for perpetration only were self-claimed shortage of monthly living expenses(OR = 2.14) or just enough (OR = 2.26), having harmful behavior habits (OR = 1.69) (all P values<0.05) . For victimization only, the risk factors were bad family economic conditions (difficult OR = 6.67, 15 persons; general OR = 3.81), bullied by others before university(OR = 2.05). For both perpetration and victimization, the risk factors were self-claimed shortage of monthly living expenses (OR = 1.81), bad family economic conditions (OR = 2.43), disharmonious relations between parents (OR = 1.76), physical punishment by parents (OR = 1.66), bullied by others before university (OR = 2.14) and prior mistreatment by teachers from primary to senior high school(OR = 1.73). Having a religious faith was the protective factor (OR = 0.38) (all P values<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of psychological violence among college students is very serious in Guangzhou in 2010. And the influencing factors of it between different genders are different. Females are affected by a wider ranges of factors than males, and are more influenced by family and parents.

Adolescent ; Aggression ; classification ; psychology ; Family ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; epidemiology ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities