AIM: To develop a simple HPLC for the determination of ursolic acid in Hawthorn leaves, and to compare ursolic acid content in Hawthorn leaves of different species, locations and growth stages, so as to supply some evidences for the exploitation and utilization of Hawthorn leaves reasonably. METHODS: By high-performance liquid chromatography method. Lichrospher C18 column (250 ×4.6 mm I. D. 5 μm); mobile phase, acetonitrile-water-orthophosphoric acid (85: 14.95: 0.05) with a flow-rate of 1.00 ml/min; column temperature at 30 ℃; injection volume, 5μl; UV detector at 210 nm. RESULTS: The detection limit (S/N=3) was less than 4. 024 μg/ml and the limit of quantification( S/N =10) was less than 12.05 μg/ml. The calibration curve showed good linear regression(r =0. 9999) within measurement ranges( 16.09 - 1030 μg/ml). The intra-day and interday variation were 0.71% and 6. 15%, respectively. The recoveries at low to high concentration were 89%-105%. Under these conditions, the ursolic acid content in different Hawthorn leaves were determined: 1.90%-1.95% in C. scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd, 1.00%-1.45% in C. cuneata Sieb. & Zucc, 0.45%-0.65% in C.pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br.; In differnet growth stages of C. pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br. , the young leaves contain higher content of ursolic acid. CONCLUSION: The method is successfully applied to quantify ursolic acid in Hawthorn leaves. And the ursolic acid contents in Hawthorn leaves of differnent species are very different; C. scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd contains the highest ursolic acid content in them. However, there is a little difference among different locations and growth stages for same species.

ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents from the roots of Flemingia philippinensis.MethodsThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel column,Sephadex LH-20,polyamide,and ODS column chromatography.The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by means of spectral data.ResultsTen compounds were isolated from F.philippinensis and identified as isoderrone (1),dalparvin A (2),prunetin (3),7,3'-dihydroxy-5,4',5'-trimethoxyisoflavone (4),pratensein-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5),sissotrin (6),sophororicoside (7),formononetin (8),orobol (9),and biochanin A (10).ConclusionCompounds 1-6 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Lung cancer remains to have the highest morbidity and mortality rates in China among known malignant tumors. Novel drugs and regimens have been sought because of the limited efficiency of traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy in lung cancer treatment. In the last 20 years, rapid developments in molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy have increased clinical efficacy and benefitted patients with cancer. Treatments for lung cancer are the most rapidly developed among treatments for solid tumors, pioneering tumor precision medicine. This manuscript reviews the evolution and development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy and discusses existing problems and future directions in the precision therapy of lung cancer.