Objective To explore the expressions of Dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)and the secretory charateristics of inflammatory factors of the Aspergillus fumigatus infected cornea of the rats,and to clarify theirs role in the pathogenesis of rat keratitis.Methods 40 SD rats were separated into control group (n = 10)and aspergillus keratitis group (n=30).The rats in aspergillus keratitis group were infected by Aspergillus fumigatus in two eyes for 12,24 and 48 h,and the cornea tissue was took and ELISA kit was used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines IL-1,TNF-a,IL- 6,IL-10,and NF-κB;immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and RT-PCR methods were used to determine the Dectin-1 and TLR4 protein and mRNA expressions.Results The rat models were successfully established.The eyes of the rats in control group were limpid tested by corneal slit lamp, however,there existed a clear boundary film on the surface of eyes of the rats in aspergillus keratitis group infected for 12 h,white infiltrates and bloodshot in the eyes in 24 h group and the white infiltrates were further strengthened and almost covered the entire eyes in 48 h group. The order of inflammatory cytokines IL-1,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10, NF-κB was:48 h group> 24 h group> 12 h group> control group (P < 0.05),so did the expression levels of Dectin-1 and TLR4 protein and mRNA in various groups tested by Western blotting and RT-PCR methods.The expression levels of Dectin-1 and TLR4 were increased with the prolongation of time investigated by immunohistochemical staining.Conclusion Dectin-1 and TLR4 are secreted in excess after the eyes are infected with fumigatus,which promotes the expressions of related inflammatory cytokines and results in the occurrence of keratitis.

Objective To observe the effects and mechanism of Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides (GLP) on the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) of hippocampus tissue and the learning and memory ability. Methods AD rats induced by A? 25-35 were treated with GLP for 7 days and then observing the Morris water maze to study the learning and memory ability, the content of MDA, and the activity of SOD was measured in the hippocampus tissue with spectrophotometer. Ultrastructural changes of neuron were viewed under transmission electron microscope. Results GLP can distinctly improve the learning and memory ability of A?-injected rats(P

During the teaching activities, to stimulate students' subject awareness and encour-age them to play the main role in class activities are inevitable trends in the reform of college educa-tion. Students’ subjective activity is a key to the teaching effect of regional anatomy, a course mainly based on experimental program. Department of Human Anatomy in Chongqing Medical University lay-outs regional anatomy teaching program to develop the students' subjective activities in learning from the course specialty: in preview and review, to train students' image-thinking by drawing; in anatomi-cal operation link, to cultivate students' interest in learning and innovation by discussing the relation-ship of anatomical structure and clinical disease and identifying the variation of structure; in the eval-uation process, taking the formative evaluation system to promote the students' initiatives and ensure the objectiveness and fairness. The implementation of these measures promotes the regional anatomy teaching quality.

Objectives To investigate whether degradation of anterior pharynx decfective-1(Aph-1) goes through proteasomal pathway or lysosomal pathway.Methods Various methods such as cell culture,Western blotting,pulse-chase metabolic labeling technique,double immunofluoresecnt staining,combined with proteasomal and lysosomal inhibition were used to check Aph-1 expression level in stable Aph-1-transfected or non-transfected neuronal(SH-SY5Y)cell line.Results Using Western blotting,treating the neuronal cells with proteasome specific inhibitors significantly increased the expression of both endogenous and exogenous Aph-1.The effect of the proteasome inhibitors on Aph-1 expression was dose-and time-dependent Lysosomal pathway was not involved in Aph-1 degradation. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling experiment showed that the turnover of newly-synthesized radiolabeled Aph-1 protein was blocked by Lactacystin.Double immunofluorescent staining revealed colocalization of Aph-1 and ubiquitin in the same cells.Conclusion Degradation of Aph-1 protein is mediated by proteasomal pathway in neuronal cells,and is not related to lysosomal pathway.Aph-1 protein is ubiquitinated before degradation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on mice with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and its effect on intestinal flora. MethodsA total of 40 mice were randomly divided into control group (CON group), model group (MOD group), FMT group (feces of the mice in the CON group were used as fecal microbiota donor), and FMT model group (ANFMT group, with feces of the mice in the MOD group as fecal microbiota donor), with 10 mice in each group. All mice were observed in terms of body weight, death, liver histopathology, and changes in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and intestinal flora. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the SNK-q test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the CON group, the MOD group had a significant reduction in body weight and significant increases in AST and ALT (all P＜0.05), as well as large patchy necrosis of hepatocytes, significant increases in Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, and Erysipelatoclostridium, and significant reductions in Dubosiella and Duncaniella (all P＜0.05). Compared with the CON group, the ANFMT group had a significant increase in AST (P＜0.05), hepatocyte swelling and mild ballooning degeneration, significant increases in Unclassified and Faecalibaculum, and significant reductions in Patescibacteria, Deferribacteres, Muribaculum, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Rikenella, Odoribacter, Mucispirillum, and Lachnospiraceae_unclassified (all P＜0.05). Compared with the MOD group, the FMT group had significant reductions in AST and ALT (both P＜0.05), mild hepatocellular necrosis and marked ballooning degeneration, significant increases in Paramuribaculum and Bilophila, and significant reductions in Firmicutes, Rikenella, and Absiella (all P＜0.05). ConclusionIntestinal flora disturbance is observed in ACLF mice, and dysbacteriosis may lead to liver injury. FMT can alleviate liver inflammation in ACLF mice and thus exert a protective effect.

It is an important way to improve the teaching quality by carrying out innovative experiments among medical students. In the process of experimental teaching, anatomy teachers expand the anatomy knowledge to basic scientific research techniques, so as to enhance students' confidence in participating in innovative experimental projects. Meanwhile, the teachers combine introduction of the anatomical structures with hot medical research issues, in order to help students to select appropriate innovative experimental topics. What's more, the new media teaching is integrated into the teaching of anatomy, enlightening students to perfect the experimental designs. Finally, in the teaching practice of regional anatomy, students are guided to carry out innovative experiments and write research papers. Abovementioned measures not only improve the teaching quality of anatomy, but also improve the students' scientific research ability, laying a foundation for them to participate in innovative experimental projects.