Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) as well as the relationship between the main syndromes and different factors. Method The relevant information of patients were collected by clinical epidemiological method and the relationship between the main characteristics of the IBS-D syndromes and different factors was explored with the major syndromes as the key link. Result Most of the cases aged 30～49 years old. Special hobbies of patients followed by drinking, smoking, addicting spicy, addicting coffee and so on. Poor emotion, mental stress and diet were the main inducements. Liver stagnation and spleen deficiency has the highest percentage (44.7%). The distribution of syndromes in different ages, different genders, different occupations and different education had no significant difference. Conclusion The number of IBS-D hospital visiting-patients is lower than the actual number of illness people. Mental factors are important internal factors, and dietary factors may be an important external factor. Different factors have no effect on the distribution of syndromes.

Objective: To clone hGLP-1 cDNA in the pBS SK(+/-)vector and construct the expression vector of pGEX-4T-3/hGLP-1cDNA to express GST-hGLP-1 fusion protein. Methods: The hGLP-1 cDNA was constructed by 6 synthetic oligonucleotides fragments, followed by the procedure of annealing and ligation with oligonucleotides fragments. The hGLP-1 cDNA was cloned into the pBS SK(+/-) vector, and was selected by α-complementation. It was confirmed by DNA sequening, then inserted into the MCS of the fusion expression vector pGEX-4T-3. The recombinant vector was transformed into E. coli TG1. Results: The recombinant plasmid DNA was digested with restrictive endonuclease BamHⅠand XhoⅠ. The result demonstrated that the hGLP-1 cDNA was successfully inserted into the pGEX-4T-3 vector and fusion protein GST-hGLP-1 had been expressed in SDS-PAGE. Conclusion： Expression of GST-hGLP-1 fusion protein can provide foundation for obtaining a larger quantity of recombinant hGLP-1 for experimental and clinic studies.

Objective: To explore the distribution characteristic of syndromes and the rule of the differentiation of symptoms and signs of functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods: We investigated and analyzed the 565 cases of FD by the epidemiological ascertainment methods,and had the second differentiation of symptoms and signs by "cold,heat,deficiency,exc ess" on the basis of the traditional method,then established the database and had a statistical analysis by SPSS.Results: Based on the differentiation of symptoms and signs of "cold,heat,deficiency,excess",FD could be mainly classified as asthenia cold syndrome-insufficiency(or deficiency-cold) of the spleen and stomach,excess-heat syndrome dampness-heat of spleen and stomach,deficiency-excess complicated syndrome spleen-deficiency and qi stagnation,and cold-heat complicated syndrome.Conclusion: It is a brief,clear and also feasible method for the differentiation of symptoms and signs of FD with the class of "cold,heat,deficiency,excess".

Objective: To assess the e cacy and safety of treating D-IBS with Chinese herbal medicine. Methods: To collect comprehensively the RCTs of treating D-IBS with Chinese herbal medicine by computer search. Results: Up to Nov. 2007, one hundred and sixty-three trials were included. There have 14150 patients, the maximum sample number is 234, the minimum is 40, and the average sample is 87. Because of the complex and various interventions, we just do descriptive analysis. It indicated that the Chinese herbal medicine intervention has obvious e cacy, its cure rate was(50.80?24.70)%,total e ective rate was(90.68?7.30)%and recurrence rate was(18.99?10.61)% all better than the western medicine. Conclusion: Compared with the western medicine and placebo, the Chinese herbal medicine had obvious e cacy in improving the global symptom’s cure rate, total e ective rate, symptom score and recurrence rate, and didn’t discovery seriously adverse reaction.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of endoscopic transumbilical thoracic sympathectomy.Methods The technique was performed in 4 swine models.Under general anesthesia,a newly developed long abdominal trocar (60 cm in lengths) was placed through the umbilicus,which was also used to establish pneumoperitoneum.After insertion of gastroscope through this trocar,two small incisions of diagrams were created by needle-knife,through which the gastroscope was sent into the thoracic cavity to ablate the T3 ganglia by Hot biopsy forceps under One-lung ventilation.The animals were killed at the completion of the procedure.Results This procedure was completed in four pigs.The sympathetic chain was successfully ablated in all swine,as confirmed by gross surgical pathology and histology,the mean operative time was (81.7 ±15.4) minutes.There was no major bleeding.All bilateral T3 sympathetic chains were successfully ablated in the 4 swines as confirmed by gross surgical pathology and histology.There was no severe bleeding and damage to peripheral organs during the operation in any of the cases,and no prominent pneumothorax was revealed by postoperative chest X-ray radiography.Conclusion Endoscopic transumbilical thoracic sympathectomy is safe,feasible and effective with good cosmetic result.

Objective To investigate the expression of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques and evaluate their roles in carotid atherosclerotic plaque stability.Methods Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were isolated in carotid eversion endarterectomy (GEE) in 37 patients with high-grade stenosis (>70%) including 20 stroke (A group) and 17 non-stroke patients (B group).The control group included samples of normal carotid artery from 11 normal individuals,The RNA expression levels of CD40,CD40 L and MMP9 in all A,B and control groups were quantitatively detected by real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting analysis.The expression and distribution of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.Then correlations between CD40-CD40L and MMP9 were statistically analyzed.Results The relative CD40 mRNA level in high-grade stenosis of A group,B group and normal control were 2.41±0.43,1.03±0.38 and 0.31±0.12,respectively,and MMP9 mRNA 6.88±1.57,1.90±0.44 and 0.39±0.12,respectively.The levels of CD40 and MMP9 mRNA in A group were significantly higher than those in B group (P=0.000),the levels of CD40 and MMP9 in B group were significantly higher than those in controls (P=0.000).There was a linear correlation between CD40 and MMP9 mRNA (r=0.929,P=0.000).However,there were no significantly difference in mRNA levels of CD40L between carotid atherosclerosis and controls.The protein expression levels of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 in A group were significantly higher than those in B group (FCD40=104.100,P=0.000;FCD40L=129.932,P=0.000;FMMP9=13.565,P=0.021) and B group higher than normal controls (FCD40=115.848,P = 0.000;FCD40L= 30.482,P=0.005;FMMP9=35.557,P=0.004).The areas of positive staining of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 in immunochemistry study in A group were significantly higher than those in B group and B group was significantly higher than controls.There were linear correlations between positive staining areas Of CD40 and CD40L,CD40 and MMP9,CD40L and MMP9 (r=0.963,0.959,0.929,P=0.000).Expressions of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 were significantly higher in the shoulder areas of the atherosclerotic plaques than in other areas.Conclusions The CD40-CD40L has an important role in the formation of carotid atherosclerosis and plaque instability,probably by up-regulating MMP9.The expression of CD40L may be regulated by post-transcriptional modification to exert biological effects.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Esophagitis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was designed to investigate the effect of Fengliao-Changweikang (FLCWK) in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) rats and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: IBS-D model rats were induced by neonatal maternal separation (NMS) combined with restraint stress (RS). In in vivo experiments, the model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: NMS + RS, FLCWK (low dose, middle dose, and high dose), and pinaverium bromide. The normal control (no handling) rats were classified as the NH group. The therapeutic effect of FLCWK was evaluated by fecal characteristics, electromyographic response and abdominal withdrawal reflex scores. In in vitro experiments, the model rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: NMS + RS, FLCWK (middle dose), and no handling rats were used as the NH group. The differences in basic tension and ACh-induced tension of isolated colonic longitudinal smooth muscle strips (CLSMs) among the 3 groups were observed. In addition, different inhibitors (nifedipine, TMB-8, L-NAME, methylene blue, and 4-AP) were pretreated to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: In in vivo experiments, fecal characteristics, electromyographic response, and abdominal withdrawal reflex scores significantly improved in the FLCWK group, compared with the NMS + RS group. In in vitro experiments, the basic tension and ACh-induced tension of CLSMs in IBS-D rats were significantly inhibited by FLCWK. After pre-treatment with different inhibitors, the ACh-induced tension of CLSMs in each group showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: FLCWK manifested curative effect in IBS-D rats by inhibiting colonic contraction. The underlying mechanisms may be related to regulatory pathway of nitric oxide/cGMP/Ca2+ and specific potassium channels.
Animals ; Colon ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Herbal Medicine ; In Vitro Techniques ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Methylene Blue ; Muscle, Smooth ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Potassium Channels ; Rats ; Reflex

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of school foodborne disease outbreaks in Henan Province from 2011 to 2020 and to provide the basis for effective prevention and control of school foodborne disease outbreaks. Methods: The outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools in Henan Province reported by the foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system from 2011 to 2020 were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 47 outbreaks of school foodborne diseases were reported in Henan province in the past 10 years, with a total of 1 258 cases, 701 hospitalizations and 1 death. Zhengzhou, Zhumadian, Xinyang and Xinxiang were the top 4 cities in Henan Province in terms of the number of school foodborne disease outbreaks reported. The peak of foodborne illness incidents in schools was in June and September. The largest number of incidents occurred in middle school canteens and primary school canteens(all 12). The number of reported incidents (12) and the number of cases of foodborne diseases (371) in schools caused by cereals and their products were the largest. Pathogenic bacteria and their toxins were the main pathogenic factors that caused the outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools, accounting for 78.26% of the identified causes. Bacillus cereus was the top pathogens causing foodborne diseases outbreaks in schools. The pathogenic factor that caused the largest number of cases was Diarrheogenic Escherichia Coli, and the pathogenic factor that caused the death cases was poisonous mushrooms. Apart from unexplained incidents, improper processing was the main link leading to foodborne diseases outbreaks in schools. Conclusion The primary and middle school students are the group with high incidence of foodborne diseases in schools. The supervision and management of school canteen should be strengthened in summer to prevent the outbreak of bacterial foodborne diseases caused by improper processing and storage of grain food.

Objective: Combining the aluminium content data of food in Henan Province with the data of children s food consumption, to evaluate probability of dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Methods: Database of nine types of aluminum containing food and their consumption among primary school students in Henan Province were established. The probability distribution of dietary aluminum exposure was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation using Crystal Ball 11.1.2.4 software, and the sensitivity analysis of exposure was conducted. Results: The average content of aluminum in fried bread stick was the highest, with the value of 150.89 mg/kg. The consumption of dietary aluminum was highest in steamed bun, with the value of 0.15 g. The average dietary aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight was 1.99 mg per week of primary school students in Henan Province, accounting for 99.7% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The 95th percentile of aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight per week was 6.16 mg, which was three times of that of PTWI. Nearly 13.22% of primary school students had dietary aluminum exposure higher than PTWI. Among all kinds of food, the average aluminum exposure of fried bread stick per kilogram of body weight per week was the highest 1.19 mg. Aluminum content in fried bread stick accounted the highest proportion of average dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Conclusion The average dietary aluminum exposure level of primary school students in Henan Province is close to the PTWI established by JECFA, with the high consumption population exceeds the PTWI. Measures should be taken to reduce the dietary aluminum exposure risk of primary school students.